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    Alg 1234 Exp Pure

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    tsqvgrfjcw

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    Alg 1234 Exp Pure

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    1 views9 pages

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    1 views9 pages

    Alg 1234 Exp Pure

    Uploaded by

    tsqvgrfjcw

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 9

    Unit 1 Lesson 1

    Real function

    Definition of the function: A function maps every element from an input set onto
    exactly one element from an output set

    Which of the following relations represents a function?

    a)

    b)

    By Engineer Fady Nabil 2


    Determine the function by the vertical line test:

    Try to solve: which of the following graphs represent a function

    Try to solve

    (1) Which of these sets of ordered pairs does not represent a function?

    a) {(3,27), (4,36), (4,45), (6,54)}


    b) {(3,27), (4,36), (5,45), (6,54)}
    c) {(5,20),(6,24),(7,28),(8,32)}

    (2) The figure which represents 𝑦 as a function in 𝑥 is ………………..

    By Engineer Fady Nabil 3


    (3) Which of the following graphs does not represent a function?

    Types of the functions

    (1) Polynomial function


    a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 5 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
    b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 5 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
    c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
    d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 5 𝐶𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

    (2) Root function


    a) 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 1
    3
    b) 𝑓(𝑥) = √2𝑥 − 5

    (3) Fractions function


    3
    a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−2
    1
    b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥

    (4) Piecewise function (more than one rule)


    2 − 𝑥 ,𝑥 < 0
    a) 𝑓(𝑥) = {
    𝑥 − 2 ,𝑥 > 0

    By Engineer Fady Nabil 4


    Definition of the domain and Range of a Function:

    • The domain is the all-possible values of x such that 𝑓(𝑥) is valid


    • The range 𝑓(x) is the set of all values we can get from applying 𝑓 to
    elements of x.

    1
    Example 1: State the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥

    Solution
    The domain =ℝ − {0}

    3
    Example 2: State the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−2

    Solution
    The domain =ℝ − {2}

    3
    Example 3: State the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥−2

    Solution
    The domain =ℝ − {−2}

    Example 4: State the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 2


    Solution
    ∵ the power of the root is an even number

    ∴ the function is defined where 𝑥 + 2 ≥ 0


    ∴ 𝑥 ≥ −2 ∴ the domain = [−2, ∞[

    By Engineer Fady Nabil 5


    Example 5: State the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = √−2𝑥 + 3
    Solution
    ∵ the power of the root is an even number

    3
    ∴ −2𝑥 + 3 ≥ 0 ∴𝑥≤
    2
    3
    ∴ the domain =]−∞, 2]

    Try to solve
    3𝑥+4
    (1) State the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥+4

    (2) State the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = √−6𝑥 − 12

    𝑥−1
    Example 6: State the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2+5𝑥

    Solution

    Let 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 = 0 ∴ 𝑥(2𝑥 + 5) = 0

    −5 −5
    ∴ 𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = ∴ the domain =ℝ − {0, }
    2 2

    𝑥−3
    Example 7: State the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2−5𝑥+6

    Solution

    Let 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 = 0 ∴ (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3) = 0

    ∴ 𝑥 = 2 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 3 ∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 = ℝ − {2,3}

    𝑥+1
    Example 8: State the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2−4𝑥+4

    Solution
    Let 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 = 0 ∴ (𝑥 − 2)2 = 0

    ∴𝑥=2 ∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 = ℝ − {2}

    By Engineer Fady Nabil 6


    𝑥
    Example 9: State the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2+25

    Solution
    Let 𝑥 2 + 25 = 0 and this equation has no solution in ℝ

    ∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 = ℝ

    Try to solve

    𝑥−3
    (1) State the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2+5𝑥+6
    𝑥+1
    (2) State the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2−8𝑥+16
    𝑥
    (3) State the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2+64

    Example 10: State the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 2 − 4


    Solution

    Example 11: State the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = √4𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 9
    Solution

    By Engineer Fady Nabil 7


    1
    Example 12: State the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = √4+3𝑥−𝑥 2

    Solution

    3
    Example 13: State the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = √9 − 𝑥 2
    Solution

    ∵ the power of the root is an odd number. ∴ the domain = ℝ

    Example 14: Determine the domain of each of the two functions defined by the
    following rules:

    𝑥 2 , −2 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
    2 − 𝑥 ,𝑥 < 0
    (1) 𝑓(𝑥) = { (2) 𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 ,0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
    𝑥 − 2 ,𝑥 > 0 1
    ,𝑥 > 1
    𝑥

    Solution

    (1) The function 𝑓 is defined on two intervals as the following:


    Defined when 𝑥 ∈ ] − ∞, 0[
    , defined when 𝑥 ∈ ]0, ∞[
    ∴ domain of 𝑓 =] − ∞, 0[ ∪ ]0, ∞[= ℝ − {0}

    (2) The function 𝑓 is defined on three intervals as the following:


    Defined when 𝑥 ∈ [−2,0[
    , defined when 𝑥 ∈ [0,1]
    , defined when 𝑥 ∈ ]1, ∞[
    ∴ domain of 𝑓 =[−2,0[ ∪ [0,1] ∪ ]1, ∞[= [−2, ∞[

    By Engineer Fady Nabil 8


    Example 15: Determine the domain and range for each function represented by the
    following:

    Solution

    In left side figure: the domain =]-2,2], the range = ]-1,3]

    In right side figure (2): the domain=[-3,2] ∪ [3,∞[ , the range = [-2,3] ∪ {4}

    Example 16: Determine the domain and range for each function represented by the
    following:

    By Engineer Fady Nabil 9


    The monotony of the function:

    Discussion the monotony of a function means identifying the intervals on which the
    function is increasing, the intervals on which the function is decreasing, and the
    intervals on which the function is constant

    Example 17: Discuss the monotonicity of each of the functions represented by the
    following graphs:

    Fig.(1): the function is decreasing on the interval ]−∞, 0[ , increasing on the interval
    ]0,2[ and constant on the interval ]2,∞[

    Fig (2): the function is increasing on the interval ]−∞, 0[ ,decreasing on the interval ]0,2[
    , increasing on the interval ]2,3[ and constant on the interval ]3,∞[

    Fig (3): the function is decreasing on each of the two intervals ]−∞, 0[ and ]0,∞[

    By Engineer Fady Nabil 10

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