Signals&Systems Homework 3 Oct.

, 2024
[1] Show that a periodic signal 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) can be represented by its complex exponential FS as follow:

∞ [2𝜏𝜏 − 𝑇𝑇]
1 𝑉𝑉 , 𝑘𝑘 = 0
𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = � 𝑐𝑐𝑘𝑘𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒
𝑗𝑗2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋� �𝑡𝑡
𝑇𝑇 , with 𝑐𝑐 𝑥𝑥 =� 𝑇𝑇
𝑘𝑘 𝜏𝜏 𝜏𝜏
𝑘𝑘=−∞ 2𝑉𝑉 � � sinc �𝑘𝑘 � , 𝑘𝑘 ≠ 0
𝑇𝑇 𝑇𝑇

[2] Show that a periodic signal 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) can be represented by its complex exponential FS as

∞
1
2𝑉𝑉
𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦 , odd 𝑘𝑘
𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) = � 𝑐𝑐𝑘𝑘 𝑒𝑒 𝑗𝑗2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋�𝑇𝑇�𝑡𝑡 , with 𝑐𝑐𝑘𝑘 = �𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗
𝑘𝑘=−∞ 0, even 𝑘𝑘

[3] Noting 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) = 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡 − 𝑇𝑇/4)|𝜏𝜏=𝑇𝑇/2 from Problems [1] and [2], show that the Fourier coefficients
{𝑐𝑐𝑦𝑦𝑘𝑘 } for 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) in Problem [2] can be obtained by computing the Fourier coefficients for
x(𝑡𝑡 − 𝑇𝑇/4)|𝜏𝜏=𝑇𝑇/2 .

[4] Find complex exponential Fourier coefficients of the following signals as:
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
(a) 𝑧𝑧1 (𝑡𝑡) = 7 + 4 cos �2𝑡𝑡 + 4 � + 5 cos �2.5𝑡𝑡 − 4 � − 6 cos �3𝑡𝑡 + 2 �
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
(b) 𝑧𝑧2 (𝑡𝑡) = −5 + 2 cos �2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 + 4 � + 6 cos �6𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 − 4 � − 8 cos �8𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 + 2 �
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
(c) 𝑧𝑧3 (𝑡𝑡) = 4 cos �4𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 − 4 � − 7 cos �7𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 + 2 �
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
(d) 𝑧𝑧4 (𝑡𝑡) = −5 + 4 cos �4𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 − 4 � − 8 cos �8𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 + 2 �
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋
(e) 𝑧𝑧5 (𝑡𝑡) = −5 + 4 cos �4𝑡𝑡 − 4 � − 8 cos �8𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 + 2 �
[5] Plot the two-sided line spectrum of the periodic signal 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡)|𝜏𝜏=𝑇𝑇/2 given in Problem [1].

[6] Plot the two-sided line spectrum of the periodic signal 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) given in Problem [2].

[7] Plot the two-sided line spectrum of the signals 𝑧𝑧1 (𝑡𝑡), 𝑧𝑧2 (𝑡𝑡), and 𝑧𝑧5 (𝑡𝑡) given in Problem [4].

[8] Evaluate the average power of the periodic signal 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡)|𝜏𝜏=𝑇𝑇/2 given in Problem [1], in a time-
domain.

[9] Evaluate the average power of the periodic signal 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) given in Problem [2], in a time-domain.

[10] Evaluate the average power of the periodic signals 𝑧𝑧1 (𝑡𝑡) and 𝑧𝑧2 (𝑡𝑡) given in Problem [4], in a
time-domain.

[11] Evaluate the average power of the periodic signal 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡)|𝜏𝜏=𝑇𝑇/2 given in Problem [1], in a
frequency-domain.

[12] Consider the periodic signal 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) given in Problem [2]. Evaluate the respective average powers
for the following cases as:
(a) The dc and fundamental components
(b) The dc through the 2nd harmonic components
(c) The dc through the 3rd harmonic components

[13] Evaluate the respective average powers of the periodic signals 𝑧𝑧1 (𝑡𝑡) and 𝑧𝑧2 (𝑡𝑡) given in
Problem [4], in a frequency-domain.

𝜋𝜋
|𝜔𝜔|
[14] Consider an LTI system with the frequency response 𝐻𝐻(𝜔𝜔) = �1 − 2 � 𝑒𝑒 −𝑗𝑗� 4 �𝜔𝜔 . Find the system
output 𝑦𝑦𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 (𝑡𝑡) to the periodic input 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡)|𝜏𝜏=𝑇𝑇/2 given in Problem [1]. Assume 𝑇𝑇 = 2𝜋𝜋 𝑠𝑠 (i.e., 𝜔𝜔0 =
1 rad/s).

𝜋𝜋
|𝜔𝜔|
[15] Consider an LTI system with the frequency response 𝐻𝐻(𝜔𝜔) = �1 − 2
� 𝑒𝑒 −𝑗𝑗� 4 �𝜔𝜔 . Find the system
output 𝑦𝑦𝑧𝑧𝑠𝑠 (𝑡𝑡) to the periodic input 𝑧𝑧1 (𝑡𝑡) given in Problem [4].
[16] Evaluate the average power of the system output 𝑦𝑦𝑧𝑧𝑠𝑠 (𝑡𝑡) in Problem [15].

[17] State the Fourier transform of a periodic signal.

[18] State the spectral characteristic of a practical signal.

𝑐𝑐−𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗
[19] Let 𝑋𝑋(𝜔𝜔) = (𝑎𝑎+𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗)(𝑏𝑏+𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗) (𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏, 𝑐𝑐 > 0). Find the expression for magnitude spectrum |𝑋𝑋(𝜔𝜔)| and
the expression for phase spectrum ∠𝑋𝑋(𝜔𝜔).

[20] What are the bandwidth of the following signals?

(a)

(b)

[21] Consider a signal 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) defined by the spectrum 𝑋𝑋(𝑓𝑓) below. Find and plot the spectrum of
𝑥𝑥(2𝑡𝑡), and determine the bandwidth of 𝑥𝑥(2𝑡𝑡).
[22] Consider a signal 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) defined by the spectrum 𝑋𝑋(𝑓𝑓) below. Find and plot the spectrum of
𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡/2), and determine the bandwidth of 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡/2).

[23] Consider a signal 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) defined by the spectrum 𝑌𝑌(𝑓𝑓) below. Find and plot the spectrum of
𝑦𝑦(2𝑡𝑡), and determine the bandwidth of 𝑦𝑦(2𝑡𝑡).

[24] Consider a signal 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) defined by the spectrum 𝑌𝑌(𝑓𝑓) below. Find and plot the spectrum of
𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡/2), and determine the bandwidth of 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡/2).

[25] Consider signals 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) and 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) defined by the spectra 𝑋𝑋(𝑓𝑓) and 𝑌𝑌(𝑓𝑓), respectively, below.
Find and plot the spectrum of 𝑥𝑥(3𝑡𝑡) + 𝑦𝑦(2𝑡𝑡), and determine the bandwidth of 𝑥𝑥(3𝑡𝑡) + 𝑦𝑦(2𝑡𝑡).
[26] Consider a signal 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) defined by the spectrum 𝑌𝑌(𝑓𝑓) below. Find and plot the magnitude and
phase spectra of 𝑦𝑦𝑠𝑠 (𝑡𝑡) = 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡 − 1/60), respectively.

[27] Consider a signal 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) defined by the spectrum 𝑋𝑋(𝑓𝑓) below.

(a) Plot the spectrum of 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) ∙ 2cos 10𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋.

(b) Plot the spectrum of 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) ∙ 2 cos 20𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋.
(c) Plot the spectrum of 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) ∙ 2 cos 30𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋.

[28] Consider an LTI system with the following input signal 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) as
𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = −10 + 10cos(5𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 + 𝜋𝜋/4) + 10cos(20𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋) + 10cos(30𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋) + 10cos(35𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋).
(Hint: Use the convolution property and time-shift property.)

(a) Design an LTI system (i.e., frequency response 𝐻𝐻(𝑓𝑓)) that can produce the following output signal as

𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) = −10 + 10cos(5𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 + 𝜋𝜋/8) + 10cos(20𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 − 𝜋𝜋/2)

(b) Design an LTI system (i.e., frequency response 𝐻𝐻(𝑓𝑓)) that can produce the following output signal as

𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) = 10cos(5𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 − 𝜋𝜋/2) + 10cos(20𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 − 𝜋𝜋) + 10cos(30𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 − 3𝜋𝜋/2)

[29] Find the FT expression of 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) = 𝑒𝑒 −𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑢𝑢(𝑡𝑡 − 𝑡𝑡0 ), and the expressions for magnitude and phase
spectra, respectively. (Hint: Use the time shift property.)
[30] Find the Fourier transform of 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡).

[31] Consider signals 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) and 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) defined by the spectra 𝑋𝑋(𝑓𝑓) and 𝑌𝑌(𝑓𝑓), respectively, below.
Find and plot the spectrum of 𝑥𝑥(2𝑡𝑡) ∗ 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡), and determine the bandwidth of 𝑥𝑥(2𝑡𝑡) ∗ 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡).

[32] Consider signals 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) and 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) defined by the spectra 𝑋𝑋(𝑓𝑓) and 𝑌𝑌(𝑓𝑓), respectively, below.
Find and plot the spectrum of 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡)𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡), and determine the bandwidth of 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡)𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡).
[33] Answer the following questions for a message signal 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) with the spectrum 𝑋𝑋(𝑓𝑓) below.

(a) Find the spectrum expression 𝐶𝐶(𝑓𝑓) of 𝑐𝑐(𝑡𝑡) = 2cos(2𝜋𝜋𝑓𝑓0 𝑡𝑡) and plot it.
(b) Find the Fourier transform expression 𝑋𝑋𝑐𝑐 (𝑓𝑓) for 𝑥𝑥𝑐𝑐 (𝑡𝑡) = [1 + 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡)] ∙ 2cos(2𝜋𝜋𝑓𝑓0 𝑡𝑡) in terms of
𝑋𝑋(𝑓𝑓) and plot it.
(c) Find the Fourier transform expression 𝑍𝑍(𝑓𝑓) for 𝑧𝑧(𝑡𝑡) = 𝑥𝑥𝑐𝑐 (𝑡𝑡) ∙ cos(2𝜋𝜋𝑓𝑓0 𝑡𝑡) in terms of 𝑋𝑋(𝑓𝑓) and
plot it.
1, |𝑓𝑓| ≤ 𝑓𝑓0
(d) Apply a lowpass filtering to 𝑧𝑧(𝑡𝑡) with the frequency response 𝐻𝐻𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 (𝑓𝑓) = � , in order
0, |𝑓𝑓| > 𝑓𝑓0
to obtain the baseband signal and plot the spectrum of the recovered baseband signal.
(e) Apply a highpass filtering to the recovered baseband signal with the frequency response
0, |𝑓𝑓| < 𝐵𝐵1
𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 (𝑓𝑓) = � , in order to obtain the message signal, and plot the spectrum of the
1, |𝑓𝑓| ≥ 𝐵𝐵1
recovered message signal.

[34] Consider an LTI system with a system input signal 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) defined by the spectrum 𝑋𝑋(𝑓𝑓) below
and the system output signal given by 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) = 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) − 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡 − 1/10). Answer the following questions.

(a) Find the frequency response of the LTI system, 𝐻𝐻(𝑓𝑓).

(b) Find the magnitude response of the LTI system, |𝐻𝐻(𝑓𝑓)|.
(c) Find the phase response of the LTI system, ∠𝐻𝐻(𝑓𝑓).
(d) Find the output spectrum 𝑌𝑌(𝑓𝑓).
(e) Find the magnitude spectrum |𝑌𝑌(𝑓𝑓)|.
(f) Find the phase spectrum ∠𝑌𝑌(𝑓𝑓).
[35] Answer the following questions for an LTI system with the impulse response ℎ(𝑡𝑡) = 𝑒𝑒 −𝑡𝑡 𝑢𝑢(𝑡𝑡).
(a) The frequency response 𝐻𝐻(𝜔𝜔).
(b) Find the output signal 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) of LTI system, when the input signal 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) = 10 + 10 cos 𝑡𝑡 + 10 cos 2𝑡𝑡
is given. (Hint: Use the convolution property.)

[36] Consider signals 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) and 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) with the spectra 𝑋𝑋(𝑓𝑓) and 𝑌𝑌(𝑓𝑓), respectively, below. Evaluate
energies of the signals 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) and 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡), respectively.

[37] Plot the magnitude spectrum of the periodic signal 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) given in Problem [2].

[38] Given 𝑋𝑋(𝑓𝑓) = ℱ{𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡)} and 𝑌𝑌(𝑓𝑓) = ℱ{𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡)}, answer the following questions.

1
(a) Obtain and plot the respective spectra (in magnitude and phase) of 𝑥𝑥𝑑𝑑 (𝑡𝑡) = 𝑥𝑥 �𝑡𝑡 − 40�
1
and 𝑦𝑦𝑑𝑑 (𝑡𝑡) = 𝑦𝑦 �𝑡𝑡 − 20�.
(b) Obtain and plot the spectrum (in magnitude and phase) of the difference 𝑥𝑥𝑑𝑑 (𝑡𝑡) − 𝑦𝑦𝑑𝑑 (𝑡𝑡).

𝑑𝑑2 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝑡𝑡) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑(𝑡𝑡)

[39] Given the LTI system as 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
+4 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
+ 3𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
, answer the following questions.

(a) Find the frequency response 𝐻𝐻(𝜔𝜔) ≡ 𝑌𝑌(𝜔𝜔)/𝑋𝑋(𝜔𝜔) of the LTI system.
(b) Find the impulse ℎ(𝑡𝑡) ≡ ℱ −1 {𝐻𝐻(𝜔𝜔)} of the LTI system.
(c) Exploiting the FT convolution property, find the output signal 𝑦𝑦(𝑡𝑡) to the input signal 𝑥𝑥(𝑡𝑡) =
4 cos(𝑡𝑡) + 4cos (3𝑡𝑡).