MSBTE (PYQ)

Chapter 1 (8M)
1. Enlist types of operating system. Explain multiprogramming OS in
Detail
Ans. Types of operating system
1.Batch Systems

2.Multiprogramming
3.Multitasking
4.Time-Sharing Systems
 2. Write Unix command for following:
i)create a folder OSY ii) create a file FIRST in OSY folder
iii) List/display all files and directories.
iv) Write command to clear the screen
Ans.
i. create a folder OSY: $mkdir OSY
ii. create a file FIRST in OSY folder: $cd OSY $cat>FIRST or $ touch FIRST
iii. List/display all files and directories: $ls
iv. to clear screen: $clear

Multi programming Multitasking

Multiple programs are loaded into A single program is loaded into memory
memory Simultaneously and divided into multiple tasks or
threads.
Switching between programs is done Switching between tasks is done by the
by the operating system. operating the program itself.
Concept of Content Switching is Concept of Content Switching & Time
used. Sharing is used.
Used in batch processing and time- Used in desktop computing and server
sharing systems. application
Execution requres more time Execution requires less time.

Time Sharing OS Real Time OS

A switching method/function is The switching method/function is not
available. available
It runs multiple applications It runs only a single application
simultaneously. simultaneously
The response is generated within the The user must get the response within.
second. the specified time constraint.

Any modification may be possible in Any modification may not be possible in

the program the program.
 CLI GUI
CLI stands for Command line GUI stans for Graphical user interface.
interface.
Interaction is done via typing Interaction is done via visual component
command only buttons, icons, etc.
It requires less memory. It requires more memory.
There are no graphics in CLI There are graphics in GUI.
It is faster than GUI It is slower than CLI

LINUX UNIX
It contains CLI & GUI It contains only CLI.
Linux is free to use. While, it is expensive
The source code is available to the The source code is not available to the
general public general public
It is portable and can be executed on It is not portable
various hard drives
It is used for personal computers, It is used for servers, mainstream, high
desktops; also used for gam end computers etc
development, embedded systems etc

Windows Linux
Windows was developed by Microsoft Linux was developed by Linux Torvalds
The first version of Windows OS was The first version of Linux was 0.01
1.0
It is a proprietary operating system It is an open source operating system
Files are stored in folders Files are stored in tree structure
It is High cost It is low cost
It has Hybrid Architecture It has Monolithic Architecture
7. Explain Time Sharing OS
Ans. In time sharing system, the CPU executes multiple jobs by switching
Among them. The switches occur so frequently that the users can Interact
with each program while it is running. It includes aninteractive computer
system which provides direct communication between the user and the
system. A time-sharing system allows many users to share the computer
resources simultaneously. The time-sharing system provides the direct
access to many users where CPU time is divided among all the users on
scheduled basis. The operating system allocates a time slice to each user.
When this time is expired, it passes control to the next user on the system.
The time allowed is extremely small and the users are given the impression
that each of them has their own CPU and they are the sole owner of the
CPU. In this time slice each user gets attention of the CPU. The objective of
time sharing system is to minimize response time of process.
8. Describe Multiprocessor OS with Advantages
Ans. In a uni-processor system, only one process executes at a time. Multiprocessing is the
use of two or more CPUs (processors) within a single Computer system. The term also
refers to the ability of a system to support more than one processor within a single
computer system. Now since there are multiple processors available, multiple processes
can be executed at a time. These multi processors share the computer bus, sometimes the
clock, memory and peripheral devices also.

Multi processing system’s working –

• With the help of multiprocessing, many processes can be executed simultaneously. Say
processes P1, P2, P3 and P4 are waiting for execution. Now in a single processor
system, firstly one process will execute, then the other, then the other and so on.
• But with multiprocessing, each process can be assigned to a different processor for its
execution. If its a dual-core processor (2 processors), two processes can be executed
simultaneously and thus will be two times faster, similarly a quad core processor will be
four times as fast as a single processor.

Multiprocessing refers to the hardware (i.e., the CPU units) rather than the software (i.e.,

running processes). If the underlying hardware provides more than one processor then that
is multiprocessing. It is the ability of the system to leverage multiple processors’ computing
power. Multiprocessor system has 3 main advantages:

1) INCREASED THROUGHPUT: By increasing the number of processor we can get more

work done in less time.
2) ECONOMY OF SCALE: Multiprocessor systems van save more money than multiple
single processor systems because they can share peripherals, mass storage and power
supply.
3) INCREASED RELIABILITY: If function can be distributed properly among several
processor than the failure Of one processor will not hold the system, only slow it down.
 Extra

Explain Real time OS. Explain its types

Ans. : Real time system has well defined fixed time constraints. Processing should be done
within the Defined constraints. A primary objective of real-time systems is to provide quick
event response time and thus meet the scheduling deadlines. User convenience and
resource utilization are of secondary concern to real-time system designers. In Real time
systems, processor is allocated to the highest priority process among those that are ready
to execute. Higher priority processes preempt execution of the lower priority processes.
This form is called as ‘priority–based preemptive scheduling’.

Types of real time system:

1. Hard Real Time: - Hard real time means strict about adherence to each task deadline.
When an event occurs, it should be serviced within the predictable time at all times in a
given hard real time system.

Example: Video Transmission, each picture frame and audio must betransferred at fixed
rate.

2. Soft Real Time: Soft real time means that only the precedence and sequence for the
task operations are defined, interrupt latencies and context switching latencies are small.
There can be few deviations between expected latencies of the tasks and observed time
constraints and a few deadline misses areaccepted.

Example: Mobile phone, Digital Cameras and orchestra playing robots.

Draw the diagram of monolithic structure and explain

1. The Monolithic OS is a very simple OS where the kernel directly controls

device management, memory management, file management and process
management.
2. All the system resources are accessible by the kernel. This means that all
codes run in kernel space with no separation between kernel and user-
level processes
3. The main advantage of monolithic architecture is that- It can provide High
Performance since system calls can be directly made to the kernel without
the overhead of message passing between user-level processes.