Library Science. Library Science. Record Studies.

Informology, 20(1), 70-75

Record Studies. Journal homepage: https://bdi.com.ua/en/journals/journal
Received 15.11.2023 Revised 14.01.2024 Accepted 04.03.2024
Informology.
UDC 027.022:004.67 DOI: 10.63009/lsrsi/1.2024.70

Innovative activity and transformational processes in development of public libraries

in Ukraine under the influence of world trends of digital society and current realities

Yaroslava Khimich*
PhD in History of Sciences, Associate Professor,
Associate Professor at the Department of Art Management
and Event Technologies National Academy of Culture and Arts Management
02000, 9 Lavrska Str., Kyiv, Ukraine
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-3207

Abstract. The purpose of the study is to highlight the peculiarities of innovative changes in the activities of
contemporary public libraries in Ukraine, related to the digitalisation of society, and to identify the main trends
of their development considering domestic realities such as full-scale military actions, information, and cyber
warfare, reforms in the provision of cultural services. The research methodology involves the application of general
scientific and special methods, namely, methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalisation, as well as
the method of documentary and content analysis, which allows for achieving the stated goal. The scientific novelty
of the work. The study identifies the main trends in the development of public libraries in the digital age, specifically
in the context of domestic realities, and substantiates the peculiarities of innovative changes in public libraries in
Ukraine, both during the state of war and as trends of post-war revival and modernisation. Public libraries in
this context are considered socio-cultural institutions that contribute to community and individual development,
providing informational, educational, and cultural-artistic services. Conclusions. Despite active combat actions,
missile threats, and the destruction of library premises as well as critical infrastructure of regions directly affecting
the activities of all institutions and the livelihoods of citizens, public libraries in Ukraine continue to operate with a
focus on global trends, particularly by utilising the opportunities of information and communication technologies,
creating internet resources, and implementing digital services. Analysis of the websites of regional universal
scientific libraries has allowed determine the level of digitalisation development of leading public libraries in
Ukraine and the direction of their further development

Keywords: public library; innovative library activities; digital society; libraries during RF military aggression
against Ukraine

Relevance of the research topic

The digitalisation of society, the rapid development or partial ruin) due to combat actions, terrorist attacks,
of information and communication technologies, the vandalism, and marauding by occupiers (RF), and oth-
implementation of artificial intelligence, the Internet ers. Military actions have led to significant migration
of Things, and other cutting-edge advancements in all processes, impacting the composition of library users
spheres of human life highlight the question of library and their needs. Public libraries, as social institutions,
transformation, the integration of technological in- have become hubs and co-working spaces for inter-
novations into their activities, and the development nally displaced persons and volunteers. “Invincibility
of innovative products and services. However, in con- Centres” have been established in libraries, and train-
temporary realities, libraries in Ukraine are facing not ing sessions on medical and first aid assistance are
only challenges determined by the digital age but also conducted. Libraries have intensified their activities in
external threats such as physical destruction (complete digital education, media literacy, information hygiene,

Suggested Citation:
Khimich, Ya. (2024). Innovative activity and transformational processes in development of public libraries in Ukraine under
the influence of world trends of digital society and current realities. Library Science. Record Studies. Informology. 20(1), 70-75.
doi: 10.63009/lsrsi/1.2024.70.
*Corresponding author
Copyright © The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
 Khimich

cybersecurity, bibliotherapy, and art therapy. All these production, administrative, commercial or other nature
events are currently unfolding and require tracking, that significantly improve the structure and quality of
documentation, and analysis. Thus, the relevance of production and (or) social sphere” (Law of Ukraine
the research is further reinforced by its chronologi- No. 40-IV, 2002).
cal boundaries. We examine innovative activities and Innovative activity in libraries has its own history,
transformational processes in the development of pub- which covers stages and various technological chang-
lic libraries in Ukraine in the 2020s (2020-2024) and es. Library innovations emerged, were introduced, and
attempt to identify the main trends in the development changed (became habitual, traditional components of
of public libraries in Ukraine under the influence of activity, or were replaced by other innovations) espe-
global trends in the digital society and domestic mili- cially rapidly in the last two decades.
tary and post-war realities. If we analyse the main theoretical studies in li-
brary science and the practical activities of libraries
Analysis of research and publications today (early 2024), we can identify the key directions
Research on this topic involves analysing scholarly in- of innovative development for libraries in the digital
vestigations related to its components, among which it age. In our view, modern public libraries are evolving
is worth highlighting: innovative activities of libraries as socio-cultural institutions aimed at providing users
in the conditions of society informatisation in the dig- with free access to information and creating conditions
ital age; transformation and reorganisation of public for learning, research, creativity, and civic engagement.
libraries as socio-cultural institutions; the activity of The use of modern information and communication
libraries in Ukraine in the conditions of Russian armed (digital) technologies in libraries contributes to en-
aggression. suring the accessibility of information, convenience in
Works by domestic researchers are dedicated to its retrieval and utilisation, the development of digital
innovations in the library sphere: O. Voskoboiniko- literacy among the population, and overcoming digital
va-Huzieva & A. Brovkin (2003; 2005), O. Voskobo- inequality. Considering the main trends in the develop-
inikova-Huzieva (2014), I. Davydova (2008; 2010), ment of public libraries in the digital age, such general
T. Vilehzhianina (2009; 2018), O. Isaienko (2009), trends can be identified as:
Ya. Khimich (2012), V. Medvedieva (2015), O. Skachen- • creation of library electronic resources and digital
ko (2015), N.V. Kovalchuk (2019), and others. collections;
Libraries in the digital age have been examined in the • provision of remote access to resources and vir-
works of O.Y. Maryina (2017), V.O. Kopaniova (2020), tual services;
O. Kobeliev (2020), K.V. Lobuzina et al. (2020), O. Ony- • interactive interaction with users through social
shchenko (2021), S. Denbovetzkyi (2022), V. Dobrovol- networks;
ska & L. Cherednik (2023), N. Senchenko (2023). Thus, • use of web 2.0 and artificial intelligence techno-
characterising the level of development of the problem, logies;
it can be argued that the issue of innovative activities • work on improving digital (information, media)
of libraries in Ukraine remains constantly in focus both literacy of the community and library users;
for library science theorists and library practitioners. • preservation of cultural heritage.
Research into the specifics of library activities in the Intending to confirm or refute our views and as
digital age is also relevant. However, and this is justified part of conducting a certain experiment, we turned to
by the essence of “innovation” itself, which over time artificial intelligence – “ChatGPT” – an artificial intelli-
loses its relevance and novelty, library innovations con- gence model by OpenAI, with a question regarding its
stantly evolve in response to external challenges, thus characterisation of the current state of innovations in
requiring continuous research, description, analysis, libraries, and obtained the following theses. Firstly, as
and forecasting. This is especially true when we talk an introductory or initial statement, the chat proposed
about innovations related to digital technologies. the following – “the current state of innovations in li-
The purpose of the article is to highlight the fea- braries involves the use of advanced technologies and
tures of innovative changes in the activities of mod- strategies to ensure access to information and conveni-
ern public libraries of Ukraine, which are related to ence for users” (Characteristics of the Current…, 2024).
the digitisation of society, and to determine the main We believe that it is impossible not to agree with him.
trends of their development, taking into account the And this thesis is content-wise quite close to the one
challenges of today. we mentioned above. Secondly, the chat offered 6 di-
rections and their concise characteristics to the “main
Presenting main material aspects of modern innovations in libraries”:
According to the Law of Ukraine “On Innovative Activi- 1. Electronic access to resources: Libraries provide
ty” – “innovations are newly created (applied) and (or) electronic access to their book collections, journals,
improved competitive technologies, products or servic- scholarly articles, audio, and video materials through
es, as well as organisational and technical solutions of a online catalogues and digital resources.

Library Science. Record Studies. Informology. Vol. 20, No. 1 71

 Innovative activity and transformational processes...

2. Open access to information: The use of open- and “virtual reference services”, a “virtual new arrivals
source software and free technologies helps make ac- hall”, and the “Electronic Library of Donetsk Region”
cess to knowledge free and maximally open. (a digital full-text database of printed works by authors
3. Digital literacy: Training programmes and cours- from Donetsk region and books about Donetsk region,
es in digital literacy help users acquire skills in working as well as periodicals, analytical-methodological, and
with electronic resources and information technologies. bibliographic publications), the creation of which be-
4. Remote services: The use of video conferencing, gan in 2007, electronic document ordering, and more
online consultations, and other remote services allows (Official website of Donetsk…, 2024).
libraries to provide services to users who cannot phys- The website of the Luhansk RUSL, along with its re-
ically visit the library. cent history (2014-2022, 2022-2024), deserves sepa-
5. Digital collections and interactive services: Creat- rate research. The Luhansk Regional Universal Scientific
ing digital collections, multimedia materials, interactive Library, or the “Good Library”, has been evacuated twice:
exhibits, and services (such as virtual tours) expands from Luhansk to Starobilsk, and from Starobilsk to Cher-
users’ possibilities in perceiving and using information. kasy. “In addition to offline work in the centre of Ukraine,
6. Community and collaboration: Using social me- part of the team implements the project of a travelling
dia, forums, and other online platforms fosters the library and works in a hybrid format in Dnipro, Kyiv, and
formation of user communities and collaboration with Transcarpathia” (Official website of Luhansk…, 2024).
other libraries and cultural institutions (Characteristics The “Good Library” is a truly innovative library
of the Current…, 2024). institution that promotes books and reading without
As we can see, artificial intelligence’s understand- a physical library collection, offering “litohliadky” (lit-
ing aligns closely with ours. Moreover, analysing the erary reviews), author streams, and interactions with
internet resources of libraries, including library web- writers. The Luhansk RUSL is part of the project “Li-
sites, blogs, and social media pages, will allow us to sub- braries – Hubs of Digital Education” with its own pro-
stantiate these characteristics with specific examples. ject, the “Mobile Digital Hub of the Travelling Library”
In this publication, we will limit ourselves to examples in Cherkasy. Among the library’s services are training
taken from the official websites of Regional Universal sessions on media literacy and cybersecurity, a “Media
Scientific Libraries (RUSL), which, according to Ukrain- School” (a series of educational workshops: copywrit-
ian law, are the main libraries of the region. We will rely ing, SMM management, graphic design, copyright, cy-
on the trends we have identified and verify the theses bersecurity, inclusive language), and the “Code Club” – a
proposed by ChatGPT. programming club for children and youth. Registration
We have reviewed and analysed the websites of all for services is done online through Google Forms. Be-
RUSLs; however, a detailed description of each website coming a library member is also possible online (Offi-
according to each criterion should be the subject of sep- cial website of Luhansk…, 2024).
arate research and corresponding publications. We will The library’s presentation on the Internet is aptly
only summarise and identify the main trends. Addition- described (in the library’s style) and clickable (with hy-
ally, since we are interested in the issue of “transforma- perlinks) on the “First Travelling Library” page. There,
tional processes in the development of public libraries in in particular, it is stated that “all the assets of the Good
Ukraine” not only “under the influence of global trends Library over the past years are presented on its main
in the digital society” but also in the context of “domes- Internet resources”, namely: “the official website, the
tic realities” of the russian armed aggression against Library community on Facebook, We hang out on In-
Ukraine, special attention should be paid to RUSLs in stagram, We tweet on Twitter, We accelerate on You-
regions that have suffered the greatest losses due to Tube, We create on Telegram, We communicate from
occupation, bombardment. As examples for this pub- the heart on Anchor” (The First Travelling…, 2020). So,
lication, we will characterise the websites of Donetsk, despite the physical destruction of the library by the
Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia, Mykolaiv, and Sumy RUSLs. military aggression of the Russian Federation, thanks
Regarding the Donetsk RUSL website, the Google to the professionalism and creativity of its leadership
search engine and other internet resources that provide and librarians, we can say that the Luhansk Regional
access to Ukrainian library websites indicate the web Universal Scientific Library, or “Good Library”, or “The
address https://library.donetsk.ua/. This is the web- First Traveling Library”, meets the criteria of a library of
site of the Donetsk RUSL before the occupation. Since the digital age. As a methodological centre for libraries
Donetsk has been temporarily occupied since 2014, in Luhansk, it is already shaping primarily an ideologi-
the library’s website exists in its then-current version, cal and philosophical platform for the post-war recon-
making it informative only for studying the history of struction of libraries in the Luhansk region.
the library’s development rather than its current re- The website of the Zaporizhzhia Regional Universal
alities. However, it is worth noting that as of 2014, it Scientific Library (2024) features a modern design and
was a powerful, innovative library that offered its us- offers services such as “virtual reference”, “electronic
ers electronic services, including “virtual exhibitions” document delivery”, “pre-ordering literature from the

72 Library Science. Record Studies. Informology. Vol. 20, No. 1

 Khimich

electronic catalogue” (via phone or email), and “virtu- in professional periodicals are provided. The “Projects”
al exhibitions”. Among the library’s resources are an subsection contains information about library projects,
electronic catalogue and local history materials titled but only from 1996 – from “Creation of the Local Library
“About Zaporizhzhia Region” (including, for example, Computer Network” to 2011 – “Introduction of Internet
Galleries of Stories – materials posted on YouTube). Services using Wi-Fi technology”. The section concludes
Regarding the current realities, although part of the re- with a subsection that characterises modern realities,
gion’s territory is still occupied, and some parts have “How to Act in the Event of Terrorist Threats”. In the
been liberated, no information regarding the full-scale “Events” section, you will find “News”, “Event Calendar”
invasion was found during the website review. There is (currently featuring the library’s event programme for
no informational page for internally displaced persons, January 2024, divided into offline format, online format,
nor information about the library’s operation during and book exhibitions), “Event Archive”, and a separate
air raid alerts. Upon reviewing the website, it was also subsection labelled “Relevant (for library users)”, which
noted that in some sections, the website switches to the covers topics such as how to use the “virtual reference”
Russian language, which is unacceptable and requires service or information about “Paid services provided
correction and continuous monitoring. It is also neces- by the Mykolaiv Regional Universal Scientific Library
sary to conduct a review of the quality of the library’s starting from February 1, 2023”, and “Electronic docu-
collection. For example, in the “E-library” section, under ment delivery”, among others. In the “Chronicle of Cul-
the “Audiobooks” subsection, books of a religious nature tural Life in the Mykolaiv Region” subsection, a monthly
are presented in the language of the aggressor country. digest is provided (starting from March 2012 up to the
The same language is used for electronic books in oth- present). In the “Resources” section, the following sub-
er sections (Official website of Zaporizhzhia…, 2024). sections are presented: “Collections”, “Electronic Cata-
Therefore, in this case, digital “preservation of cultural logue”, “Electronic Databases ‘Virtual Library’, ”Virtual
heritage” turns into the preservation of “colonial de- Exhibitions”, “Electronic Library of Local Publications”
pendency”. We can only speculate about the challeng- (including “electronic museum of pre-revolutionary lo-
ing conditions under which the librarians of the Zapor- cal publications”), “Inclusive Library” (“Audio Library of
izhzhia RUSL work. There may be issues with staffing, Recordings Dedicated to Our State”, “SoundedBook In-
including IT specialists. However, it is impossible to clusive Library Project”), “Prybuzhzhia Portal” (region-
confirm or refute these assumptions with the available al information portal), and “Web-library ‘Arkasy Herit-
information on the website. age’ (a comprehensive electronic information resource
The website of the Mykolaiv Regional Universal project supported by the Ukrainian Cultural Founda-
Scientific Library (2024) has numerous sections and tion). In the “Services” section, there are subsections for
subsections rich in information. The site features a vis- “Virtual Assistance” and “Paid Services”. The “Media/
itor counter, a calendar, links to the library’s presence Interactive” category includes “Guides” (Video guide to
on social media, and users can rate and share each ar- the library), “Blog” (Mykolaiv RUSL Blog ‘Book Conti-
ticle on Facebook. In the context of our research, we nent’ (2011-2021)), “Guest Book” (interactive commu-
focus only on some sections/subsections of the site. In nication with users, feedback), “Photo Gallery” (Photo
the “Activities” section, the following subsections are Museum of MRUSL), “Video Gallery” (videos about the
of interest to us: “Directions of the Mykolaiv Regional library from the media), ”Honorary Readers of the Li-
Universal Scientific Library’s Work” (including “pro- brary” (interactive presentation “Gallery of Honorary
viding free access to information through the library’s Users ‘Golden Names’ with the ability to download in-
collections and the global Internet network, organising dividual pages), and “Useful Resources Inet” (search
library-bibliographic and information services”, “tech- engines, official information resources). In the “Librar-
nical and methodological support for the functioning ies of the Region” section, there are two subsections:
of the regional library computer network, the inte- “Library of Mykolaiv Region” (currently, generalised
grated corporate catalogue of libraries; introduction information as of 01.01.2023) and “Black Album of Af-
of advanced computer technologies into the practice of fected Libraries of Mykolaiv Region”, which provides in-
libraries in the region; implementation of cultural, ed- formation and photo materials about the destruction of
ucational, and publishing activities; implementation of libraries (Official website of Mykolaiv…, 2024).
information and library projects and programs; study- Analysing the website of the Sumy Regional Univer-
ing and disseminating innovative experience in library sal Scientific Library (Official website of Sumy…, 2024),
work, organising continuous professional education for it is worth noting that on its main page, in addition to
library personnel in the region”). In the “Library Pub- the main menu, which we will return to later, there is
lications” subsection, full-text electronic documents a “Temporary operating mode (during martial law)”
are presented, including “Local History Publications”, with a comment stating that “in case of an air raid
“Bibliographic Indexes”, “Methodological Materials”, alert, services are suspended. Users should proceed to
and “Information Publications”. In the “Scientific Pub- the nearest bomb shelter”, and a link to an interactive
lications” subsection, full-text articles by library staff map of bomb shelters in Sumy. Additionally, there is a

Library Science. Record Studies. Informology. Vol. 20, No. 1 73

 Innovative activity and transformational processes...

banner link to the All-Ukrainian Mental Health Pro- blogs. As for the use of artificial intelligence in libraries,
gramme “How are you?” and a section “For Internally directly such information was not found on the websites.
Displaced Persons” with interactive sections: Regulato- Regarding the work on “enhancing digital (informa-
ry documents, Hotlines, Addresses of territorial execu- tional, media) literacy of the community, library users”,
tive authorities, Free legal aid, International assistance, RUSLs have Internet centres and regional training cen-
What is needed to obtain a certificate of internally dis- tres in their structure, which provide training on digital
placed persons, How to receive housing subsidies for literacy. The announcement of such training sessions is
internally displaced persons, Conditions for assisting posted on the website. Unfortunately, due to the ongo-
with accommodation to internally displaced persons ing war, some training and internet centres in certain
among minors who have moved without parental su- regions are temporarily closed.
pervision, Volunteer assistance, Search for missing “The preservation of cultural heritage” as one of the
persons, Humanitarian aid centres. This list of litera- main trends in the development of public libraries in
ture for improving well-being characterises the current the digital age is presented in RUSLs through its local
domestic realities and the relevance of the library’s re- history activities: creating electronic databases, dig-
sources and its communication with website visitors. itising existing and publishing new full-text materials
Advertising banners (images) at the top of the website of various formats. Scientific novelty lies in identifying
draw attention to the “Mobile Literacy Course for Sen- the main trends in the development of public libraries
iors” called “Smartphone for Everyone”, as well as to the in the digital age within the context of domestic reali-
library’s Telegram channel “We’re on Telegram”, which ties, and in substantiating the peculiarities of innova-
can be accessed via QR-code. Illustrated is also the sec- tive changes in public libraries in Ukraine, both during
tion “New Arrivals”, where visitors can not only get in- wartime and as trends in post-war revival and modern-
formation about a book and see its cover but also have ization. Public libraries are considered in this context
the option to share this information to their social me- as socio-cultural institutions – “multifunctional public
dia accounts or email, as well as access the library’s pod- cultural spaces” that contribute to community and indi-
cast channel, the library’s YouTube channel “Library’s vidual development, provide informational, education-
Latest Videos”, library blogs – “About the Most Inter- al, and cultural-artistic services, and integrate users
esting from the Library’s Life” and “Practical Guide”, into the digital society.
and view the “archive” of arrivals. From the main menu In conclusion, despite active military actions, rock-
sections/subsections, we note the “Publications” of the et threats, and the destruction of both library premises
library (the electronic newspaper for book lovers “In and critical infrastructure in regions directly affecting
Focus” (pdf), Calendar of Significant Dates, and more). the activities of all institutions and the livelihoods of
In the “Local History” section, we highlight the “Histor- citizens, public libraries in Ukraine continue to operate
ical Studies – Media and Educational Project” (9 videos with a focus on global trends. They utilise the opportu-
created by the RUSL in 2023). The remaining sections, nities of information and communication technologies,
traditional for the RUSL, include “Useful Pages”, “For create internet resources, and implement digital servic-
Specialists”, “Electronic Catalogue”, and “Virtual Biblio- es. Currently, RUSLs have their websites and are pres-
graphic Reference” (Official website of Sumy…, 2024). ent on social media, maintaining professional thematic
The general analysis of the websites of regional blogs. All RUSLs websites contain information about
universal scientific libraries confirms that all these li- their digital resources, including electronic catalogues,
braries have electronic catalogs and also create their collections of electronic publications, their own pub-
own digital collections. Among the digital collections of lishing activities, virtual exhibitions, virtual reference
the RUSLs, there are often library’s own publications in services, user training in digital literacy, and more.
various formats – from PDF documents to multimedia However, most RUSLs have not yet fully utilised the
presentations posted on YouTube, as well as regional opportunities of the digital society such as artificial in-
historical materials and unique collections. Among the telligence, and virtual and augmented reality. Ukrainian
virtual services of the RUSLs, commonly found are “vir- public libraries, including RUSLs, should pay more at-
tual reference” and “virtual exhibitions”, “virtual tours tention to digitising their resources, updating informa-
of the library”. However, “online library booking”, “elec- tion on their websites, and implementing new digital
tronic document delivery”, “RSS” feed distribution’ still library products and services.
remain “innovative services”, as well as online streams Comprehensive practice-oriented library research,
of library events, library podcasts. summarising existing library practices, and project
RUSLs are represented on social media, and web- (grant) activities of library institutions should contrib-
sites provide links to these pages. We do not conduct a ute to the development of new adapted and in-demand
detailed analysis; however, it can be noted that the vast models for domestic public libraries that meet the re-
majority of RUSLs have their own pages, and pages on quirements of the time and the needs of users.
Facebook and YouTube, and presence on other social It is also worth remembering that innovative
media platforms varies. Libraries also have their own changes in libraries are carried out by their staff, so

74 Library Science. Record Studies. Informology. Vol. 20, No. 1

 Khimich

the issue of professional library education, training, the formation of their professional self-awareness, be-
and professional development of librarians, as well as comes relevant.

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