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    Alternating curent Lecture 1

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    gauravmotiyani022

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Alternating curent Lecture 1

    Uploaded by

    gauravmotiyani022
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    0 views45 pages

    Alternating curent Lecture 1

    Uploaded by

    gauravmotiyani022

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 45

    Introduction

    Equation of alternating current


    Important values of alternating quantities
    Root mean square (r.m.s.) value
    Mean or Average value (iav or Vav)
    Phase :- Physical quantity which represents both the instantaneous
    value and direction of alternating quantity at any instant is called it's
    phase.

    Phase difference :- The difference between the phases of currents


    and voltage is called phase difference. If alternating voltage and current
    are given by V = 𝑉0 sin 𝜔𝑡 + 𝜙1 and 𝑖 = 𝑖0 sin 𝜔𝑡 + 𝜙2 then phase
    difference
    Graphical representation
    Measurement of alternating quantities
    Alternating current shows heating effect only, hence meters used for
    measuring ac are based on heating effect and are called hot wire
    meters (Hot wire ammeter and hot wire voltmeter)
    Important terms related to ac circuit

    Resistance (R)

    Impedance (Z)
    Important terms related to ac circuit

    Reactance (X)

    Inductive reactance (XL)

    Capacitive reactance (XC)


    Important terms related to ac circuit

    Admittance (Y)

    Susceptance (S)
    Power
    Types of power
    Instantaneous power
    Average power (True power)
    Apparent or virtual power
    Power factor
    Wattless Current
    Wattless Current
    The equation of an alternating current is 𝑖 = 50 2 × sin 400𝜋𝑡 ampere
    then the frequency and the root mean square of the current are
    respectively

    (a) 200 𝐻𝑧, 50 𝑎𝑚𝑝


    (b) 400 𝜋 𝐻𝑧, 50 2 𝑎𝑚𝑝
    (c) 200 𝐻𝑧, 50 2 𝑎𝑚𝑝
    (d) 50 𝐻𝑧, 200 𝑎𝑚𝑝
    If the frequency of an alternating current is 50 Hz then the time taken
    for the change from zero to positive peak value and positive peak value
    to negative peak value of current are respectively

    1 1
    (a) 𝑠𝑒𝑐, 𝑠𝑒𝑐
    200 100
    1 1
    (b) 𝑠𝑒𝑐, 𝑠𝑒𝑐
    100 200
    (c) 200 𝑠𝑒𝑐, 100𝑠𝑒𝑐
    (d) None of these
    What will be the equation of ac of frequency 75 Hz if its r.m.s. value is
    20 A

    (a) 𝑖 = 20 sin 150 𝜋𝑡


    (b) 𝑖 = 20 2 sin 150 𝜋𝑡
    20
    (c) 𝑖 = sin(150 𝜋𝑡)
    2
    (d) 𝑖 = 20 2 sin 75 𝜋𝑡
    1
    At what time (From zero) the alternating voltage becomes times of
    2
    it's peak value. Where T is the periodic time

    𝑇
    (a) 𝑠𝑒𝑐
    2
    𝑇
    (b) 𝑠𝑒𝑐
    4
    𝑇
    (c) 𝑠𝑒𝑐
    8
    𝑇
    (d) sec
    12
    The peak value of an alternating e.m.f. E is given by 𝐸 = 𝐸0 cos 𝜔𝑡 is 10
    1
    volts and its frequency is 50 Hz. At time 𝑡 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐, the instantaneous
    600
    e.m.f. is

    (a) 10 𝑉
    (b) 5 3𝑉
    (c) 5 𝑉
    (d) 1 V
    The instantaneous value of current in an ac circuit is
    𝜋
    𝑖 = 2 sin 100𝜋𝑡 + A. The current at the beginning 𝑡 = 0 will be
    3

    (a) 2 3𝐴
    (b) 3𝐴
    3
    (c) 𝐴
    2
    (d) Zero
    The voltage of an ac source varies with time according to the equation
    𝑉 = 100 sin 100𝜋𝑡 cos 100𝜋𝑡 where t is in seconds and V is in volts.
    Then

    (a) The peak voltage of the source is 100 volts


    (b) The peak voltage of the source is 50 volts
    (c) The peak voltage of the source is 100/ 2 volts
    (d) The frequency of the source is 50 Hz
    In an ac circuit, V and i are given by
    𝜋
    𝑉 = 100 sin 100𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖 = 100 sin 100 + 𝑚𝐴. The power
    3
    dissipated in circuit is

    (a) 104 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡


    (b) 10 watt
    (c) 2.5 watt
    (d) 5 watt
    In a circuit an alternating current and a direct current are supplied
    together. The expression of the instantaneous current is given as
    𝑖 = 3 + 6 sin 𝜔𝑡 Then the r.m.s. value of the current is

    (a) 3A
    (b) 6A
    (c) 3 2 𝐴
    (d) 3 3 A
    The r.m.s. value of the alternating e.m.f. 𝐸 = 8 + sin 𝜔𝑡 + 6 sin 2𝜔𝑡 𝑉
    is

    (a) 7.05 V
    (b) 14.14 V
    (c) 10 V
    (d) 20 V
    Voltage and current in an ac circuit are given by
    𝜋 𝜋
    𝑉 = 5 sin 100𝜋𝑡 − 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖 = 4 sin 100𝜋𝑡 +
    6 6

    (a) Voltage leads the current by 30°


    (b) Current leads the voltage by 30°
    (c) Current leads the voltage by 60°
    (d) Voltage leads the current by 60°
    Voltage and current in an ac circuit are given by
    𝜋 𝜋
    𝑉 = 5 sin 100𝜋𝑡 − 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖 = 4 sin 100𝜋𝑡 +
    6 6

    (a) Voltage leads the current by 30°


    (b) Current leads the voltage by 30°
    (c) Current leads the voltage by 60°
    (d) Voltage leads the current by 60°
    The instantaneous current and voltage of an AC circuit are given by
    𝐼 = 10sin300𝑡𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉 = 200sin300 𝑡𝑉. What is the power
    dissipation in the circuit?
    The instantaneous current and voltage of an AC circuit are given by
    𝜋
    𝐼 = 10sin314 𝑡 𝐴 and 𝑉 = 50sin 314𝑡 + 𝑉. What is the power
    2
    dissipation in the circuit
    A light bulb is rated 150 W for 220V AC supply of60 Hz. Calculate the
    resistance of the bulb
    A light bulb is rated 150 W for 220 V AC supply of 60 Hz. Calculate the
    rms current through the bulb.
    A series L-C-R circuit is connected to a 220V variable frequency Ac
    800
    supply. If 𝐿 = 20 𝑚𝐻, 𝐶 = 𝜇𝐹 and 𝑅 = 110 Ω.
    𝜋2
    (i) Find the frequency of the source, for which average power absorbed
    by the circuit is maximum
    (ii) Calculate the value of maximum current amplitude.
    An AC voltage, 𝑉 = 𝑉0 sin 𝜔𝑡, is applied across a pure capacitor, C.
    Obtain an expression for the current , I in the circuit and hence, obtain
    the
    (i) Capacitance reactance of the circuit and
    (ii) The ‘phase’ of the current flowing with respect to the applied
    voltage.
    An inductor 200 mH, capacitor 500 𝜇𝐹, resistor 10 Ω are connected in
    series with a 100 V, variable frequency AC source. Calculate the

    (i) Frequency at which the power factor of the circuit is unity.


    (ii) Current amplitude at this frequency.
    (iii) Q-factor
    An inductor and a bulb are connected in series to an AC source of 12V,
    50 𝐻𝑧. 2 A current flows in the circuit and the phase angle between
    𝜋
    voltage and current is rad. Calculate the impedance and inductance of
    4
    the circuit.
    A coil of 𝐿 = 0.5 𝜋Ω is connected to a 200 V, 50 ms-1 AC source.
    Calculate the following.

    (i) Maximum current in the coil .


    (ii) Time lag between voltage maximum and current maximum.
    When a given coil is connected to a 200 V DC source, 2A current flows
    and when the same coil is connected to 200v, 50 Hz AC source, only 1A
    current flows in the circuit.

    (i) Explain why the current decrease in the latter case


    (ii) Calculate the self-inductance of the coil used.
    A resistor of 200 Ω and a capacitor of 40 𝜇𝐹 are connected in series to
    220 V AC source with angular frequency 𝜔 300 Hz. Calculate the
    voltage (rms) across the resistor and the capacitor. Why is the algebraic
    sum of these voltages more than the source voltage ? How do you
    resolve this paradox ?
    In the given circuit, Calculate (a) Capacitance C of the capacitor, if the
    power factor of the circuit is unity and (b) the Q-factor of the circuit.
    5 50
    A resistor of 400 Ω, an inductor of 𝐻 and a capacitor of 𝜇𝐹 are
    𝜋 𝜋
    connected in series across a source of alternating voltage of 140 sin 100
    𝜋𝑡 V. Find the voltage (rms) across the resistor, the inductor and the
    capacitor. Is the algebraic sum of these voltage more than the source
    voltage? If yes, resolve the paradox. 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛, 2 = 1.4

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