CLIMATE

Class 9 Geography slides

Anaya Gagneja
Vanishka Gagneja
 CLIMATE

● What is Climate?
• Sum of total weather conditions and variations over a large area for
long period of time (more than thirty years).

● What is Weather?
• It refers to state of the atmosphere over an area at any point
of time.
 Weather Climate

● It is the study of ● It is the study of the

atmospheric conditions average weather
for a short period of condition over a long
time. period of time.
● It is a long term
● It is short term
phenomenon.
phenomenon.
● It does not change
● Weather changes frequently.
frequently.
 India’s Climate
● The word monsoon is derived from the Arabic
word ‘mausim’ which literally means season.
● ‘Monsoon’ refers to the seasonal reversal in the
wind direction during year .

Climatic Controls
● LATITUDE ● OCEAN
● ALTITUDE CURRENTS
● PRESSURE ● RELIEF
AND WINDS FEATURES
● CONTINENTALITY
 Factors Affecting India’s Climate
Latitude Altitude Pressure&winds
India has mountains to *Pressure and surface winds
the north, which have *Upper air circulation,
an average height about *Western cyclonic
6,000 metres. disturbances

India also has a vast The pressure and winds over

coastal area where the India are unique. During
maximum elevation is winter, there is a high pressure
about 30 metres. are both of the Himalayas. Cold
dry winds blow from this region
The Himalayas prevent
to the low pressure are over the
the cold winds from oceans to the south.
the central aisa from In summers,low pressure
entering the develops over interior Asia , as
subcontinent. well as over North India .
 Seasons of India
The monsoon type of climate is characterized by a distinct seasonal
pattern.The weather conditions greatly changes from one season to the other
.These changes are particularly noticeable in the interior parts of the country.

● WINTERS
● SUMMERS
● RAINY
● TRANSITION
 Cold Weather Season (Winter)
● The Cold weather season begins from mid November in northern India and stays till
February.December and January are the coldest months in northern part of India.
● The average temperature of Chennai , on the eastern coast ,is between 24°- 25°
celsius,while in northern plains , it ranges between 10°- 15°celsius.
● Days are warm and nights are cold Frost is common in the north and higher slopes
of Himalayas experience snowfall.
● The northeast trade winds prevail over the country.They blow from land to sea ,for
most part of the country it is a dry season.
● The peninsular region does not have a well defined cold season. There is hardly any
difference in the temperature due to the moderating influence of the sea.
● In this season we can experience a amount of winter rainfall known as
‘Mahawat’they are of immense importance for the cultivation of ‘Rabi’ crops.
 Hot Weather Season (Summer)
● Due to apparent northward movement of the sun , the global heat belt shifts
northwards.As such from March to May it is the hot weather season in
India.
● In March , the highest temperature is about 38°celsius , recorded on the
Deccan plateau.In April , the temperature in Gujrat and Madhya Pradesh
are around 42°.In May the temperature is 45°celsius is common.
● The summer months experience rising of temprature and falling air
pressure in the northern part of the country.
● A striking feature of this season is the ‘Loo’.These are strong , gusty,hot ,dry
winds blowing during the day.
● This is also the season for localised thunderstorms , associated with violent
winds , downpours ,often accompanied by hail.In the West Bengal these are
known as ‘Kaal Baisakhi’.
● Towards the close of summer season mango showers are also seen.
Advancing Monsoon (Rainy season)
● By early June low pressure conditions over the northern plains intensifies.It attracts
, the trade winds of southern hemisphere.
● These winds are strong and blow at an average velocity of 30km per hour.
● The inflow of South West monsoon into India brings about a total change in the
weather.
● The windward side of western ghats receives very heavy rainfall , more than
250cm.The Deccan plateau and parts of Madhya Pradesh also receives some amount
of rain in spite of lying in rain shadow area .
● Mawsynram in the southern ranges of Khasi hills receives the highest average
rainfall in the world.
● There is a tendency to have breaks in rainfall , thus it has wet and dry spells.The
monsoon rains take place only for few days at a time.They are interspersed with
rainless intervals.These breaks in monsoon are related to the movement of the
monsoon trough.
Retreating monsoon (Transition)
● During October- November , with the apparent movement of the sun
towards the south , the monsoon trough or the low pressure trough
becomes weaker.
● This is gradually replaced by a high - pressure system.
● By the beginning of October , the monsoon withdraws from the northern
plains
● The months of October-November form a period of transition from hot
rainy season to dry winter conditions.
● The day tempratures are high , nights are cool and pleasant.
● The weather becomes rather oppressive during the day , this is commonly
known as ‘October heats’.In the second half of October , the mercury
begins to fall rapidly in northern India.
Distribution of Rainfall Monsoon-Unifying bond
● Parts of western coats and eastern ● The Himalayas protect the
India receives over 400cm rainfall subcontinent from extremely cold
annually. winds from central aisa.This enables
● It is less than 60 cm in western northern India to have uniformly
Rajasthan and adjoining parts of higher temperatures .
Gujrat, Haryana and Punjab.
● The unifying influence of the
● Rainfall is equally low in the interior of
monsoon is precteptible.
Deccan plateau,and east of Sahyadris.
● The seasonal alterations of the wind
● The rest of the counties receives
system and associated weather
moderate rainfall .
● Snowfall is restricted to the Himalayan conditions provide a rhythmic cycle
region. of seasons.
● Variability is high in the regions such ● The monsoon winds bind the whole
as parts of Rajasthan,Gujrat and country by providing water to the set
Leeward side of the Western Ghats. the agricultural activities in motion.