Câu hỏi đại cương

Câu 1: What distinguishes field trials from clinical trials?

A. Field trials involve participants with pre-existing conditions
B. Field trials are conducted in controlled laboratory settings.
C. Field trials are aimed at preventing diseases in healthy individuals.D. Field trials primarily
focus on testing pharmaceutical drugs.
Câu 2: What distinguishes community trials from other forms of experiments?
A. Community trials involve treatment of individuals.
B. Community trials target diseases influenced by social conditions
C. Community trials are conducted in controlled laboratory settings.
D. Community trials focus on testing pharmaceutical drugs.
Câu 3: What measure is commonly used to assess the association between exposure and
disease in case-control studies?
A. Relative riskB. Odds ratio
C. Incidence rate ratio
D. Hazard ratio
Câu 4: What is the primary objective of a randomized controlled trial?
A. To compare outcomes between intervention and control groups
B. To select participants based on specific characteristics
C. To ensure that the control group receives a placebo treatment
D. To analyze the prevalence of diseases in the study population
Câu 5: Which of the following is NOT a major experimental study design in epidemiology?
A. Randomized controlled trialsB. Cross-sectional studies
C. Field trials
D. Community trials
Câu 6: What is another term commonly used to describe cross-sectional studies?
A. Longitudinal studies
B. Retrospective studies
C. Prevalence studies
D. Cohort studies
Câu 7: How is prevalence of a disease defined?
A. Rate of occurrence of new cases in a specified population over a given period
B. Frequency of existing cases in a defined population at a given point in time
C. Ratio of people affected to the total population
D. Rate of disease occurrence per time unit (week, year, etc.)
Câu 8 : Which revision of the International Classification of Diseases is currently in use?
A. ICD-5
B. ICD-7
C. ICD-11
D. ICD-10
Câu 9: What term is used to describe the people who are susceptible to a given disease?
A. At-risk population
B. Susceptible population
C. Disease-prone population
D. Vulnerable population
Câu 10 : What does the incidence of disease represent?
A. Rate of occurrence of existing cases in a population
B. Rate of occurrence of new cases in a specified population over a given period
C. Frequency of existing cases in a defined population at a given point in time
D. Frequency of disease occurrence in a general population
Câu 11: According to WHO's definition in 1948, what is health?
A. The absence of disease or infirmity
B. The ability to lead a productive life
C. Complete physical, mental, and social well-being
D. A state of mental and emotional balance
Câu 12: What are diagnostic criteria typically based on?
A. Genetic markers
B. Symptoms, signs, history, and test results
C. Socioeconomic status
D. Dietary habits
Câu 13: What is a common focus population in epidemiological studies?
A. Patients with chronic diseases
B. Hospital patients
C. Factory workers
D. All residents of a specific area or country
Câu 14: At which stage of the natural history of disease does a person develop signs and
symptoms of the disease?
A. Stage of susceptibility
B. Stage of pre-symptomatic (sub-clinical) disease
C Clinical stage
D. Stage of recovery, disability, or death
Câu 15: The evolution of epidemiology over the past 50 years has led to a major challenge
focused on:
A. Improving healthcare infrastructure
B. Enhancing medical treatment options
C. Exploring and addressing social determinants of health
D. Developing new pharmaceutical drugs
Câu 16: According to Last's definition, what does epidemiology primarily study?
A. Individual health outcomes
B. Health-related events in specified populations
C. Genetic determinants of health
D. Environmental factors influencing health
Câu 17: What observation by Hippocrates more than 2000 years ago is credited with
influencing the origins of epidemiology?
A. Relationship between water quality and disease
B. Influence of environmental factors on disease occurrence
C. Spread of infectious diseases through contaminated food
D. Role of genetics in determining susceptibility to diseases
Câu 18: Which individual is credited with the finding that the risk of cholera in London was
related to the drinking water supplied by a particular company?
A. Richard Doll
B. Andrew Hill
C. John Snow
D. Hippocrates
Câu 19: Which level of prevention is generally focused on individuals who already have
signs and symptoms of disease?
A. Primordial prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Primary prevention
D. Tertiary prevention
Câu 20: What is the primary aim of primordial prevention?
A. To treat existing cases of disease
B. To prevent the emergence of risk factors contributing to disease
C. To diagnose diseases at an early stage
D. To provide palliative care for chronic conditions
Câu 21: What technique is used to combine the results of several studies that have
examined the same issue?
A. Case-control analysis
B. Randomized controlled trials
C. Meta-analysis
D. Systematic review
Câu 22: What is the term used for the process of determining whether observed associations
are likely to be causal?
A. Causal association
B. Causal inference
C. Causal effect
D. Causal judgment
Câu 23: What are the four levels of prevention in the development of disease?
A. Initial, intermediate, advanced, and terminal.
B. Basic, moderate, severe, and critical.
C. Primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary.
D. Preventative, intervention, management, and treatment.
Câu 24: Which level of prevention focuses on addressing factors or conditions that have an
established role in causing disease?
A. Tertiary prevention
B. Primary prevention
C. Secondary prevention
D. Primordial prevention
Câu 25: Which type of study design is considered the next best after randomized controlled
trials?
A. Case-control studies
B. Cross-sectional studies
C. Cohort studies
D. Ecological studies
Câu 26 : How is the strength of an association typically measured in epidemiology?
A. By the frequency of the outcome in the study population
B. By the magnitude of the odds ratio
C. By the size of the confidence interval
D. By the relative risk (risk ratio)
Câu 27: Which type of study provides the best evidence for establishing causality?
A. Case-control studies
B. Cross-sectional studies
C. Ecological studies
D. Randomized controlled trials
Câu 28: What is the primary limitation of cross-sectional studies in proving causation?
A. They are subject to recall bias
B. They provide no direct evidence on the time sequence of events
C. They have a small sample size
D. They are unable to control for confounding variables
Câu 29: What term is often used instead of incidence during a disease outbreak in a
narrowly-defined population over a short period of time?
A. Prevalence rate
B. Mortality rate
C. Attack rate
D. Recovery rate
Câu 30: How does roversibility strengthreversible liged of a causal association?
A. It demonstrates that the disease is irreversible
B. It indicates that the disease is unaffected by changes in exposure
C. It suggests that removing the possible cause reducard lee risk of disease
D. It suose thatale ensease fiak iemans constant regardless of exposure changes
Câu 31 : What does the infant mortality rate measure?
A. Rate of death in children under 5 years of age
B. Rate of death in children under 2 years of age
C. Rate of death in children during the first year of life
D. Rate of death in children during the first month of life
Câu 32: In cross-sectional studies, when are measurements of exposure and effect typically
made?
A. Exposure is measured before the effect
B. Effect is measured before exposure
C. Both exposure and effect are measured simultaneously
D. Measurements are made at different time points
Câu 34: What does the infant mortality rate measure?
A. Rate of death in children under 5 years of age
B. Rate of death in children under 2 years of age
C. Rate of death in children during the first year of life
D. Rate of death in children during the first month of life
Câu 35: In cross-sectional studies, when are measurements of exposure and effect typically
made?
A. Exposure is measured before the effect
B. Effect is measured before exposure
C. Both exposure and effect are measured simultaneously
D. Measurements are made at different time points
Câu 36: Các bệnh mới nổi và tái nổi ảnh hưởng * như thế nào đến hệ thống y tế?
A. Chúng không có tác động đến hệ thống y tế
B. Chúng chỉ ảnh hưởng đến các nước thu nhập thấp
C. Chúng đặt gánh nặng lớn và khó lường lên hệ thống y tế, đặc biệt ở các nước thu nhập
thấp
D. Chúng chủ yếu chỉ ảnh hưởng đến các nước có thu nhập cao
Câu 37: Ví dụ nào sau đây là phương thức lây truyền qua phương tiện?
A. Bị muỗi mang chất độc đốt
B. Ăn phải thực phẩm bị ô nhiễm
C. Tiếp xúc trực tiếp với người nhiễm bệnh
D. Hắt hơi hoặc ho, làm bắn giọt bắn có chứa tác nhân
Câu 38: Điều nào sau đây KHÔNG bị ảnh hưởng * bởi môi trường trong việc phát triển các
bệnh truyền nhiễm?
A. Vệ sinh chung
B. Yếu tố di truyền
C. Nhiệt độ
D. Chất lượng nước
Câu 39: Ví dụ nào sau đây là về sự lây truyền trực tiếp của tác nhân truyền nhiễm?
A. Ăn phải thực phẩm bị ô nhiễm
B. Bị muỗi mang chất độc đốt
C. Hắt hơi hoặc ho, làm bắn giọt bắn có chứa tác nhân
D. Sử dụng kim tiêm mà người bệnh đã sử dụng trước đó
Câu 40: Điều nào sau đây KHÔNG bị ảnh hưởng * bởi môi trường trong việc phát triển các
bệnh truyền nhiễm?
A. Vệ sinh chung
B. Yếu tố di truyền
C. Nhiệt độ
D. Chất lượng nước
Câu 41: Ví dụ nào sau đây là về sự lây truyền trực tiếp của tác nhân truyền nhiễm?
A. Ăn phải thực phẩm bị ô nhiễm
B. Bị muỗi mang chất độc đốt
C. Hắt hơi hoặc ho, làm bắn giọt bắn có chứa tác nhân
D. Sử dụng kim tiêm mà người bệnh đã sử dụng trước đó