TSA 5- 2023

Topic : Designing hybrid system

Presented by Ali SANFO

1. TITLE : Designing a hybrid system of solar energy completed with a diesel engine to
produce electricity for the dispensary in passore burkina faso

2. MOTIVATION

The village is located in an area which don’t have access to the nationale electricity grid.
Consequently it is difficults for the dispensary nurses to work at night and to conserve
medecines. That is why we propose designing a hybrid system of solar energy completed
with diesel engine that produce reliable electricity in order o facilate and improve health of
populations in the village.

3. DEFINITION

A hybrid system, in the context of energy generation, refers to a combination of multiple energy
sources or technologies to provide a more reliable and efficient power supply. In our case it is
the combination of two devices which are:

 the photovoltaic solar system: the solar panels which convert sunlight into electricity which is
used and stored in the batteries ; it is the main source,
 a diesel generator which runs in the absence of sunlight to ensure continuity of service in
electricity

4. OBJECTIVE

The objectives of designing a solar-diesel hybrid system can vary depending on the specific
needs and requirements of the application. However, some common objectives include :

 Design an effective system which make it possible to produce sufficient

eletrical power supply of dispensary
 To produce reliable energy for satisfy the needsS of dispensary

The hybrid system can be designed to automatically switch between solar power and diesel
generator based on the availability of sunlight or power demand.. Overall, the objective of a

1
hybrid system is to combine the benefits of solar energy and diesel generator technology to
create a more efficient, reliable, and sustainable power generation solution.

5. MATERIALS

The materials required for a solar-diesel hybrid system include:

 Solar Panels: These are the primary components for harnessing solar energy. Solar
panels convert into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. The most
commonly used type of solar panel is the crystalline silicon solar panel. There are two main
types of crystalline silicon panels: monocrystalline and polycrystalline. Monocrystalline
panels are made from a single crystal structure and tend to be more efficient but also more
expensive.
 Mounting Structures: Mounting structures are used to securely install the solar panels.
 Batteries: Batteries are essential for storing excess solar energy generated during the
day for later use when sunlight is insufficient or during peak demand. Large scale
utility battry storage has been rae up until fairly recenly because of low energiy
densities, small power capacity, high maintenance, a short cycle life and limed
discharge capability. There are several battery technologies that are : lead acid, nickel
cadmium, sodium sulphur, sodium nickel chloride and lithuim ion. We will use lithium
ion batteries in our system due to special packaging and internal overcharge protection
circuits.
 Inverters: Inverters are necessary to convert the direct current (DC) electricity
generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) electricity suitable for powering
electrical loads. Hybrid inverters are often used in a systems to manage power flow
between the solar panels, batteries, and diesel generator.
 Diesel Generator: The diesel generator acts as a backup power source when solar
energy is insufficient or during high-demand periods. It typically consists of an internal
combustion engine, a generator, and a fuel tank.
 Control and Monitoring Equipment: This includes sensors, meters and Connectors
controllers, and monitoring devices to measure and regulate the flow of electricity,
monitor system performance.
 Electric Meter : an electric meter is adevice to measure the amount of power
transmitted from the energy system to the load.

2
It's worth noting that the specific materials used may vary depending on the system design,
manufacturer, and application requirements. It is important to select high-quality and durable
materials to ensure the reliability and longevity of the hybrid system.

6. PROCESS

A feasibility study of a hybrid solar system combined with a generator involves evaluating the
technical, economic, and environmental viability of this solution to meet the electricity needs
of a given installation. Here are some key points to consider in this study:

 Analysis of electricity needs: It is essential to understand the specific electricity

requirements of the installation, including energy demand, and operating hours
 Calculate total watt-hours per day for each appliance used
 Calculate total watt-hours per day needed from the PV modules

 Assessment of solar resource: Analyze local sunlight, solar energy availability, and
seasonal variations to determine the required photovoltaic capacity
 Sizing of solar system :
 Calculate the total watt-peak rating needed for PV
 Calculate the number of panels
 Inverter sizing : the inverter size should be 25% bigger thant total watts of appliances ;
the inverter must have the same nominal voltage as your batteries also the input rating
of the inverter should be same PV array rating to allow for safe and efficient operation.
 Battery sizing :
 1- calculate total watt-hours per day used by appliances
 2- Divide the total watt-hours per day used by 0.85 for batteries loss
 3- Divide the answer obtained in item 2 by 0.6 for depth of dicharge
 4- Divide the answer obtained in item 3 by the nominal batteries voltage
 5- Multiply the answer obtained in item 4 with days of autonomy to get the
required Ampere hours capacity of deep-cycle battery

7. EXPECTED RESULTS

A dispensary has the following electrical appliance usage

3
 Time operating Power Total power
total energy
Loads (hours) (Watt) number (watt)
(watt-hours)
fluorescent lamp 10 18 15 270
2700
fan 12 75 6 450
5400
refrigerator 8 200 2 400
3200
air conditionner 5 1117 1 1117
5585
 Calculate power consumption per day : total appliances used , it is 16885 Watt-hours
𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛∗1.3 16885∗1.3
 Total Wp of PV panel capacity : = = 4390 Wp
𝑠𝑢𝑛𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦 5
Total Wp 4390
 Number of panel : 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑙 = =17.5
250

This system should be powered by at least 18 modules of 250Wp PV module

 Inverter sizing : total watt of appliances ; it is 2237W ; for safety the inverter should be
considered 25% bigger size so this system the inverter size be about 3KW/24V
power consumption∗day of autonomy 16885
 Determine the capacity of batteries : = =
0.85∗0.6∗𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 0.85∗0.6∗12

2758 𝐴𝐻
2758
 Number of batteries : =11 This system should be powered by at least 12 batteries of
250

250AH /12V
 For the Diesel generator it is the same method as for the sizing of the inverter so this
system the diesel generator size be about 3KVA/220V
 Calculate the power consumption per year = power consumption per day * number of
days in year ; ( 365*16.885= 6163.05 KWH/year)
 Calculate the power cost per year = power consumption per year *96 fcfa= 591650 fcfa
 Cost investment

Materials number Cost cfa Total

cfa
Solar panel 250Wp 18 60000 1080000
Batteries 12 280000 3360000
250AH/12V
diesel generator 1 500000 500000
3KVA
Inverter 3KW 1 350000 350000
Other 1 500000 500000
total cost 5790000

The investment cost is too higher compared to the cost price of electricity to be be produced for
five years , the système is not benefical.

4
 8. DIFFICULTIES

Designing and implementing a solar-diesel hybrid system can indeed present some challenges.
Here are a few of the difficulties that may arise:
 Materials used for the design system is very expensive , also add fuel cost of diesel
generator
 The number of battery recharge cycles is small depending on the technologies
 The difficulty of findin a maintenance technician in the village for monitoring and
maintenance of equipments.
While these challenges can be daunting, they are not insurmountable. With proper planning,
design, and implementation, combined with expert knowledge and experience, it is possible to
overcome these difficulties and successfully deploy a reliable and efficient hybrid system.

RECOMMANDATION
 Choose high-efficiency solar panels, inverter, and batteries to maximize the energy
conversion and storage capabilities of the system
 Sensitize the population on the use of energy in order to avoid waste of the energy produced,
 Finance research in solar technology and create research centers of solar technologie
 The government must finance assistance and development projects for villages by subsidizing
equipment and solar technology

9. CONCLUSION
It is necessary to install a hybrid system in the dispensary of the village isolated from the national
electricity grid for lighting, storage of medicines and others. this system is not profitable economically
but it will help to develop the village in terms of health.