TEST 1

LISTENING
SECTION 1
Questions 1-10: Complete the notes below. Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each
answer.
Revision Note

Example
• Problem with: the brochure sample
CENTRAL
• Company name: 1 ___________ Hotel Chains
• Letters of the 2 ___________
ADDRESS should be bigger.
• The information of the 3 ___________
POOL should be removed.
• Change the description under the top photo to 4 ___________
RECEPTION

• Use the picture with the 5 ___________

VIEW of the hotel.
• The 6 ___________
PRICES should be in red print.
SPANISH
• Translate into 7 ___________
• Deadline: by the end of 8 ___________
JUNE
CLIFFTON NY21300
• Address: No. 9 Green Drive, 9 ___________,
• Telephone number: 10 ___________
903036602
SECTION 2
Questions 11-16: Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
11. The most famous view in this park is
A. the largest waterfall worldwide.
B. the longest river in the world.
C. the biggest sub-tropical rainforest in the world.
12. According to the tour guide, what is best to do on top of the mountain?
A. having a picnic
B. taking photos
C. strolling about
13. What did the tour guide recommend for more experienced walkers?
A. the mountain trail
B. the Creek Circuit
C. the Bush Track
14. What is mentioned about the transport in the park?
A. Bicycles can be hired.
B. It is included in the bill.
C. Trams are available for tourists.
15. Which activity is provided for adults all year round?
A. abseiling
B. paragliding
C. bungee jumping
16. What should the visitors do before they go to the restaurant?
A. make bookings
B. inquire about availability
C. collect the meal ticket at the reception

Questions 17-20: Label the plan below.

17 Campsite
18 Business Centre
19 Museum
20 Cafe
SECTION 3
Questions 21-24:Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

21. How old are the students on the nursing program?

A. They are teenagers.
B. They are in their twenties
C. They belong to different age groups
22. What do the speakers say about the group project?
A. It helps to improve relationship among different classmates.
B. It helps to develop problem solving skills.
C. It provides supportive learning environment.
23. Which part of the program surprised Paul?
A. There’s internship provided.
B. There’s a lot of practical work.
C. There’s a number of essays to write.
24. What do they feel about learning law?
A. It takes up too much time.
B. It is too theoretical.
C. It is essential training.
Questions 25-30: What are the suggestions offered by the speakers?
Choose SIX answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-H, next to Questions 25-30.

A get feedback from teaching staff

B do more reading
C get help from school supporting staff
D get help for nursing problems
E manage time properly
F be well prepared
G review the notes regularly
H don’t set unrealistic goals

25 Essays
E
26 Lectures
G
27 Research C
28 Online forum A
29 Placement tests
B
30 Freshmen
H

SECTION 4
Questions 31-40: Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Penguins in Africa

Appearance and lifestyle

They are also called Jackass Penguins for the sound they make.
The 31 __________ of their body remains constant.
They restrict their 32 __________ on land from dusk till dawn.
They cannot fly because they have heavy 33 __________
They nest under the tree 34 __________
They eat tree 35 __________
Predators
• seals
• 36 __________
• seagulls (eat the penguin 37 __________)
Threats
They lose 38 __________ in winter.
They are fighting for nesting 39 __________ and food because of human activities
In order to improve survivorship, it is helpful to increase the 40 __________ of their genes.
READING
READING PASSAGE 1
The Impact of the Potato

Jeff Chapman relates the story of history the most important vegetable
A. The potato was first cultivated in South America between three and seven thousand years ago,
though scientists believe they may have grown wild in the region as long as 13,000 years ago. The
genetic patterns of potato distribution indicate that the potato probably originated in the mountainous
west-central region of the continent.
B. Early Spanish chroniclers who misused the Indian word batata (sweet potato) as the name for the
potato noted the importance of the tuber to the Incan Empire. The Incas has learned to preserve the
potato for storage by dehydrating and mashing potatoes into a substance called Chuchu could be
stored in a room for up to 10 years, providing excellent insurance against possible crop failures. As
well as using the food as a staple crop, the Incas thought potatoes made childbirth easier and used it to
treat injuries.
C. The Spanish conquistadors first encountered the potato when they arrived in Peru in 1532 in search
of gold and noted Inca miners eating chuchu. At the time the Spaniards failed to realize that the potato
represented a far more important treasure than either silver or gold, but they did gradually begin to use
potatoes as basic rations aboard their ships. After the arrival of the potato in Spain in 1570, a few
Spanish farmers began to cultivate them on a small scale, mostly as food for livestock.
D. Throughout Europe, potatoes were regarded with suspicion, distaste and fear. Generally considered
to be unfit for human consumption, they were used only as animal fodder and sustenance for the
starving. In northern Europe, potatoes were primarily grown in botanical gardens as an exotic novelty.
Even peasants refused to eat from a plant that produced ugly, misshapen tubers and that had come
from a heathen civilization. Some felt that the potato plant’s resemblance to plants in the nightshade
family hinted that it was the creation of witches or devils.
E. In meat-loving England, farmers and urban workers regarded potatoes with extreme distaste. In
1662, the Royal Society recommended the cultivation of the tuber to the English government and the
nation, but this recommendation had little impact. Potatoes did not become a staple until during the
food shortages associated with the Revolutionary Wars, the English government began to officially
encourage potato cultivation. In 1795, the Board of Agriculture issued a pamphlet entitled “Hints
Respecting the Culture and Use of Potatoes”; this was followed shortly by pro-potato editorials and
potato recipes in The Times. Gradually, the lower classes began to follow the lead of the upper
classes.
F. A similar pattern emerged across the English Channel in the Netherlands, Belgium and France.
While the potato slowly gained ground in eastern France (where it was often the only crop remaining
after marauding soldiers plundered wheat fields and vineyards), it did not achieve widespread
acceptance until the late 1700s. The peasants remained suspicious, in spite of a 1771 paper from the
Facult de Paris testifying that the potato was not harmful but beneficial. The people began to
overcome their distaste when the plant received the royal seal of approval: Louis XVI began to sport a
potato flower in his buttonhole, and Marie-Antoinette wore the purple potato blossom in her hair.
G. Frederick the Great of Prussia saw the potato’s potential to help feed his nation and lower the price
of bread but faced the challenge of overcoming the people’s prejudice against the plant. When he
issued a 1774 order for his subjects to grow potatoes as protection against famine, the town of
Kolberg replied: “The things have neither smell nor taste, not even the dogs will eat them, so what use
are they to us?” Trying a less direct approach to encourage his subjects to begin planting potatoes,
Frederick used a bit of reverse psychology: he planted a royal field of potato plants and stationed a
heavy guard to protect this field from thieves. Nearby peasants naturally assumed that anything worth
guarding was worth stealing, and so snuck into the field and snatched the plants for their home
gardens. Of course, this was entirely in line with Frederick’s wishes.
H. Historians debate whether the potato was primarily a cause or an effect of the huge population
boom in industrial-era England and Wales. Prior to 1800, the English diet had consisted primarily of
meat, supplemented by bread, butter and cheese. Few vegetables were consumed, most vegetables
being regarded as nutritionally worthless and potentially harmful. This view began to change
gradually in the late 1700s. The Industrial Revolution was drawing an ever-increasing percentage of
the populace into crowded cities, where only the richest could afford homes with ovens or coal storage
rooms, and people were working 12-16 hour days which left them with little time or energy to prepare
food. High yielding, easily prepared potato crops were the obvious solution to England’s food
problems.
I. Whereas most of their neighbors regarded the potato with suspicion and had to be persuaded to use
it by the upper classes, the Irish peasantry embraced the tuber more passionately than anyone since the
Incas. The potato was well suited to the Irish the soil and climate, and its high yield suited the most
important concern of most Irish farmers: to feed their families.
J. The most dramatic example of the potato’s potential to alter population patterns occurred in Ireland,
where the potato had become a staple by 1800. The Irish population doubled to eight million between
1780 and 1841, this without any significant expansion of industry or reform of agricultural techniques
beyond the widespread cultivation of the potato. Though Irish landholding practices were primitive in
comparison with those of England, the potato’s high yields allowed even the poorest farmers to
produce more healthy food than they needed with scarcely any investment or hard labor. Even
children could easily plant, harvest and cook potatoes, which of course required no threshing, curing
or grinding. The abundance provided by potatoes greatly decreased infant mortality and encouraged
early marriage.
Questions 1-5: Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading
Passage 1?
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
1 The early Spanish called potato as the Incan name ‘Chuchu’. F
2 The purposes of Spanish coming to Peru were to find out potatoes. F
3 The Spanish believed that the potato has the same nutrients as other vegetables. NG
4 Peasants at the time did not like to eat potatoes because they were ugly. T
5 The popularity of potatoes in the UK was due to food shortages during the war. T
Questions 6-13: Complete the sentences below with NO MORE THAN ONE WORD from passage
1 for each answer.
6 In France, people started to overcome their disgusting about potatoes because the King put a potato
__________
FLOWER in his button hole.
PREJUDICE
7 Frederick realized the potential of potato but he had to handle the __________ against potatoes
from ordinary people.
8 The King of Prussia adopted some __________
REVERSEPsychology to make people accept potatoes.

9 Before 1800, the English people preferred eating __________

MEAT with bread, butter and cheese.
10 The obvious way to deal with England food problems were high yielding potato __________
CROPS
SOIL
11 The Irish __________ and climate suited potatoes well.
12 Between 1780 and 1841, based on the __________ of the potatoes, the Irish population doubled
CULTIVATION
to eight million.
13 The potato’s high yields help the poorest farmers to produce more healthy food almost without
__________ or hard physical work.
INVESTMENT
READING PASSAGE 2
Ancient Chinese Chariots
A. The Shang Dynasty or Yin Dynasty, according to traditional historiography, ruled in the Yellow
River valley in the second millennium. Archaeological work at the Ruins of Yin (near modern-day
Anyang), which has been identified as the last Shang capital, uncovered eleven major Yin royal tombs
and the foundations of palaces and ritual sites, containing weapons of war and remains from both
animal and human sacrifices.
B. The Tomb of Fu Hao is an archaeological site at Yinxu, the ruins of the ancient Shang Dynasty
capital Yin, within the modem city of Anyang in Henan Province, China. Discovered in 1976 it was
identified as the final resting place of the queen and military general Fu Hao. The artifacts unearthed
within the grave included jade objects, bone objects, bronze objects etc. These grave goods are
confirmed by the oracle texts, which constitute almost all of the first hand written record we possess
of the Shang Dynasty. Below the corpse was a small pit holding the remains of six sacrificial dogs and
along the edge lay the skeletons of human slaves, evidence of human sacrifice.
C. The Terracotta Army was discovered on 29 March 1974 to the east of Xian in Shaanxi. The
terracotta soldiers were accidentally discovered when a group of local farmers was digging a well
during a drought around 1.6 km (1 mile) east of the Qin Emperors tomb around at Mount Li (Lishan),
a region riddled with underground springs and watercourses. Experts currently place the entire
number of soldiers at 8,000 — with 130 chariots (130 cm long), 530 horses and 150 cavalry horses
helping to ward of any dangers in the afterlife. In contrast, the burial of Tutank Hamun yielded six
complete but dismantled chariots of unparalleled richness and sophistication. Each was designed for
two people (90 cm long) and had its axle sawn through to enable it to be brought along the narrow
corridor into the tomb.
D. Excavation of ancient Chinese chariots has confirmed the descriptions of them in the earliest texts.
Wheels were constructed from a variety of woods: elm provided the hub, rose-wood the spokes and
oak the felloes. The hub was drilled through to form an empty space into which the tampering axle
was fitted, the whole being covered with leather to retain lubricating oil. Though the number of
spokes varied, a wheel by the fourth century BC usually had eighteen to thirty-two of them. Records
show how elaborate was the testing of each completed wheel: flotation and weighing were regarded as
the best measures of balance, but even the empty spaces in the assembly were checked with millet
grains. One outstanding constructional asset of the ancient Chinese wheel was dishing. Dishing refers
to the dish-like shape of an advanced wooden wheel, which looks rather like a flat cone. On occasion
they chose to strengthen a dished wheel with a pair of struts running from rim to rim on each of the
hub. As these extra supports were inserted separately into the felloes, they would have added even
greater strength to the wheel. Leather wrapped up the edge of the wheel aimed to retain bronze.
E. Within a millennium, however, Chinese chariot-makers had developed a vehicle with shafts, the
precursor of the true carriage or cart. This design did not make its appearance in Europe until the end
of the Roman Empire. Because the shafts curved upwards, and the harness pressed against a horse’s
shoulders, not his neck, the shaft chariot was incredibly efficient. The halberd was also part of chariot
standard weaponry. This halberd usually measured well over 3 metres in length, which meant that a
chariot warrior wielding it sideways could strike down the charioteer in a passing chariot. The speed
of chariot which was tested on the sand was quite fast. At speed these Access for more practices page
2 passes were very dangerous for the crews of both chariots.
F. The advantages offered by the new chariots were not entirely missed. They could see how there
were literally the warring states, whose conflicts lasted down the Qin unification of China. Qin Shi
Huang was buried in the most opulent tomb complex ever constructed in China, a sprawling, city-size
collection of underground caverns containing everything the emperor would need for the afterlife.
Even a collection of terracotta armies called Terra- Cotta Warriors was buried in it. The ancient
Chinese, along with many cultures including ancient Egyptians, believed that items and even people
buried with a person could be taken with him to the afterlife.
Questions 14-17: Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
TRUE: if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE: if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN: if there is no information on this
14. When Tomb of Fu Hao was discovered, the written records of the grave goods proved to be
accurate. NG
15. Human skeletons in Anyang tomb were identified as soldiers who were killed in the war. F
16. The Terracotta Army was discovered by people who lived nearby by chance. T
17. The size of the King Tutankhamun's tomb is bigger than that of Qin Emperor's tomb. NG
Questions 18-23: Complete the notes below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR
NUMBERS from the passage for each answer.
18. The hub is made of wood from the tree of __________
oak

19. The room through the hub was to put tempered axle, which is wrapped up by leather, aiming to
retain __________
LUBRICATING OIL
20. The number of spokes varies from __________
32

21. The shape of wheel resembles a __________

FLAT CONE
STRUTS
22. Two __________ was used to strengthen the wheel.
BRONZE
23. The edge of the wheel was wrapped up by leather aiming to retain __________
Questions 24-26: Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
24. What body part of the horse was released from pressure to the horse shoulder after the appearance
of the shafts? HALBERD

25. What kind of road surface did the researchers measure the speed of the chariot on? SAND
26. What part of the afterlife palace was the Emperor Qin Shi Huang buried in? OPULANT TOMB
READING PASSAGE 3
Stealth Forces in Weight Loss
The field of weight loss is like the ancient fable about the blind men and the elephant. Each man
investigates a different part of the animal and reports back, only to discover their findings are
bafflingly incompatible.
A. The various findings by public-health experts, physicians, psychologists, geneticists, molecular
biolo- gists, and nutritionists are about as similar as an elephant's tusk is to its tail. Some say obesity is
largely predetermined by our genes and biology; others attribute it to an overabundance of fries, soda,
and screen-sucking; still others think we're fat because of viral infection, insulin, or the metabolic!
conditions we encountered in the womb. "Everyone subscribes to their own little theory," says Robert
Berkowitz, medical director of the Center for Weight and Eating Disorders at the University of Penn-
sylvania School of Medicine. We're programmed to hang onto the fat we have, and some people are
predisposed to create and carry more fat than others. Diet and exercise help, but in the end the solution
will inevitably be more complicated than pushing away the plate and going for a walk. "It's not as
simple as 'You're fat because you're lazy," says Nikhil Dhurandhar, an associate professor at
Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge. "Willpower is not a prerogative of thin
people. It's distributed equally."
B. Science may still be years away from giving us a miracle formula for fat-loss. Hormone leptin is a
crucial player in the brain's weight-management circuitry. Some people produce too little leptin;
others become desensitized to it. And when obese people lose weight, their leptin levels plummet
along with their metabolism. The body becomes more efficient at using fuel and conserving fat, which
makes it tough to 1 keep the weight off. Obese dieters' bodies go into a state of chronic hunger, a
feeling Rudolph Leibel, an obesity researcher at Columbia University, compares to thirst. "Some
people might be able to tolerate chronic thirst, but the majority couldn't stand it," says Leibel. "Is that
a behavioral problem -- a lack of willpower? I don't think so."
C. The government has long espoused moderate daily exercise of the evening-walk or take-the-stairs
variety--but that may not do much to budge the needle on the scale. A 150-pound person burns only
150 calories on a half-hour walk, the equivalent of two apples. It's good for the heart, less so for the
gut. "Radical changes are necessary," says Deirdre Barrett, a psychologist at Harvard Medical School
and author of Wasteland. "People don't lose weight by choosing the small fries or taking a little walk
every other day." Barrett suggests taking a cue from the members of the National Weight Control
Registry (NWCR), a self-selected group of more than 5,000 successful weight-losers who have shed
an average of 66 pounds and kept it off 5.5 years. Some registry members lost weight using low-carb
diets; some went low-fat; others eliminated refined foods. Some did it on their own; others relied on
counseling. That said, not everyone can lose 66 pounds and not everyone needs to. The goal shouldn't
be getting thin, but getting healthy. It's enough to whittle your weight down to the low end of your set
range, says Jeffrey Friedman, a geneticist at Rockefeller University. Losing even 10 pounds vastly
decreases your risk of diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure. The point is to not give up just
because you don't look like a swimsuit model.
D. The negotiation between your genes and the environment begins on day one. Your optimal weight,
written by genes, appears to get edited early on by conditions even before birth, inside the womb. If a
woman has high blood-sugar levels while she's pregnant, her children are more likely to be
overweight or obese, according to a study of almost 10,000 mother-child pairs. Maternal diabetes may
influence a child's obesity risk through a process called metabolic imprinting, says Teresa Hillier, an
endocrinolo- gist with Kaiser Permanente's Center for Health Research and the study's lead author.
The implication is clear: Weight may be established very early on, and obesity largely passed from
mother to child. Numerous studies in both animals and humans have shown that a mother's obesity
directly increases her child's risk for weight gain. The best advice for moms-to-be: Get fit before you
get pregnant. You'll reduce your risk of complications during pregnancy and increase your chances of
having a normal- weight child.
E. It's the $64,000 question: Which diets work? It got people wondering: Isn't there a better way to
diet? A study seemed to offer an answer. The paper compared two groups of adults: those who, after
eating, secreted high levels of insulin, a hormone that sweeps blood sugar out of the bloodstream and
promotes its storage as fat, and those who secreted less. Within each group, half were put on a low-fat
diet and half on a low-glycemic-load diet. On average, the low-insulin-secreting group fared the same
on both diets, losing nearly 10 pounds in the first six months- but they gained about half of it back by
the end of the 18-month study. The high-insulin group didn't do as well on the low-fat plan, losing
about 4.5 pounds, and gaining back more than half by the end. But the most successful were the
high-insulin-secretors on the low-glycemic-load diet. They lost nearly 13 pounds and kept it off.
F. What if your fat is caused not by diet or genes, but by germs—say, a virus? It sounds like a sci-fi
horror movie, but research suggests some dimension of the obesity epidemic may be attributable to
infection by common viruses, says Dhurandhar. The idea of "infectobesity" came to him 20 years ago
when he was a young doctor treating obesity in Bombay. He discovered that a local avian virus,
SMAM-1, caused chickens to die, sickened with organ damage but also, strangely, with lots of
abdominal fat. In experiments, Dhurandhar found that SMAM-1-infected chickens became obese on
the same diet as uninfected ones, which stayed svelte.
G. He later moved to the U.S. and onto a bona fide human virus, adenovirus 36 (AD-36). In the lab,
every species of animal Dhurandhar infected with the virus became obese chickens got fat, mice got
fat, even rhesus monkeys at the zoo that picked up the virus from the environment suddenly gained 15
percent of their body weight upon exposure. In his latest studies, Dhurandhar has isolated a gene that,
when blocked from expressing itself, seems to turn off the virus's fattening power. Stem cells
extracted from fat cells and then exposed to AD-36 reliably blossom into fat cells - but when stem
cells are exposed to an AD-36 virus with the key gene inhibited, the stems cells don't differentiate.
The gene appears to be necessary and sufficient to trigger AD-36-related obesity, and the goal is to
use the research to create a sort of obesity vaccine.
Questions 27-31: Which paragraph contains the following information?
NB You may use any letter more than once.
27. evaluation on the effect of weight loss on different kinds of diets E
28. an example of a research which includes the relatives of the participants F
29. an example of a group of people who did not regain weight immediately after weight loss C
30. long term hunger may appear to be acceptable to some of the participants during the period of
losing weight program B

31. a continuous experiment may lead to a practical application besides diet or

hereditary resort G
Questions 32-36Match each finding with the correct researcher, A-F.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
32. A person's weight is determined by the interaction of his/her DNA and the environment. A
33. Pregnant mothers who are overweight may risk their fetus in gaining weight. F
34. The aim of losing weight should be keeping healthy rather than being attractive. E
35. Small changes in lifestyle will not help in reducing much weight. C
36. Researchers can be divided into different groups with their own point of view about weight loss. B
List of Researchers
A Robert Berkowitz
B Jeffrey Friedman
C Deirdre Barrett
D Nikhil Dhurandhar
E Rudolph Leibel
F Teresa Hillier
Questions 37-40: Choose ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
In Bombay Clinic, a young doctor who came up with the concept 'infectobesity' believed that the
obesity is caused by a kind of virus. For years, he conducted experiments on 37 __________
CHICKENS . Finally,
later as he moved to America, he identified a new virus named 38 __________
ADENOVIRUSwhich
36proved to be a
significant breakthrough in inducing more weight. Although there seems no way to eliminate the virus
till now, a kind of 39 __________
CELLS can be separated as to block the effectiveness of the virus. In the
future, the doctor is aiming at developing a new 40 __________ might effectively combat against the
virus. VACCINE