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Designing A Water Treatment Plant
REPORT SUBTITLE
Usama Khan | (CV-437) | 7th /May/2024|4-13/2020/043

Contents
Introduction........................................................................................................ 2
Factors to Assess in the Design:............................................................................... 2
Treatment Processes:.............................................................................................. 2
Before Treatment:............................................................................................... 2
Disinfection:..................................................................................................... 4
Supplementary therapy (if necessary):......................................................................4
Overview and Streamlining of Processes:.....................................................................4
Monitoring and controlling of processes:.....................................................................5
Maximum production capacity of the plant:..................................................................5
Location:............................................................................................................. 5
Factors should be taken into account during construction:...........................................5
Record-keeping and written account:..........................................................................5
In conclusion:....................................................................................................... 6
IMPORTANT:.................................................................................................... 6
PAGE 1
Introduction
This study aims to provide a comprehensive design of a water treatment facility to cater to a town
of medium size that relies on groundwater as its main water source. The purpose of establishing
the facility is to provide safe and pure drinking water that meets and exceeds the regulatory
standards.
Factors to Assess in the Design:

o Community Size: Population >(X) (This figure helps in calculating the plant’s capacity):
A medium-sized community may vary from 10,000 to 50,000 people.
o Quality of the Raw Water (Assessment of the existing contaminant levels): A test of the
source of groundwater is conducted. From the test, contaminants like iron, manganese,
nitrates, bacteria, and hardness are discovered.
o Regulatory Requirements: The facility must follow the drinking water standards that
are established by the national and or regional; in this case USEPA National Primary
Drinking Water laws and state equivalents.
Treatment Processes:
The listed procedures are those commonly used for groundwater, and depending on the findings
of the original water, they may be incorporated:
BEFORE TREATMENT:
o Aeration: Through the use of Oxidation, the Aeration process eliminates VOCs and Iron
(Netsolwater.com):
(Figure 1).
PAGE 2
Opens in a separate window the website address is www.netsolwater.com.
The aeration tank is a component of a water treatment facility.
Coagulation and flocculation aids the usage of chemicals or the coagulants and flocculants
among other relevant chemicals to make expelled particles to unite and create the lumps. As a
result, it becomes easier to remove from the system:
(see Figure 2).
Launches in a separate window the website address is www.thewatertreatments.com.
Coagulation and flocculation tanks are essential components of a water treatment system.
o Sedimentation refers to the process of gravity causing the clumped particles to settle
down, as seen in Figure 3.
Launches in a separate window the website is elscolab.com.
A sedimentation basin is a component of a water treatment system.
PAGE 3
o Filtration: Figure 4 illustrates the process of removing residual particles using rapid sand
filters.
Opens in a separate window the website is cropaia.com.
Rapid sand filters are a kind of filtration system used in water treatment plants.
DISINFECTION:
o Chlorination is a process that involves the addition of chlorine to deactivate bacteria and
viruses. This is a commonly used approach.
o Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection uses UV radiation to eradicate bacteria as an alternative to
chlorine.
SUPPLEMENTARY THERAPY (IF NECESSARY):

o Iron and manganese removal: Iron and manganese removal process where the
element is treated for the gas to evaporate and water is put in the filtering system
to separate the hardened iron and soft water,
o Softening: Softening process using the lime softening process or ion-exchange process
o Reverse Osmosis (RO): The Reverse Osmosis process removes salts and dissolved
impurities in the water.
Overview and Streamlining of Processes:

o Water Intake: Untreated water piped from the well to the plant.
o Before treatment: Raw water is put through aeration, coagulation, flocculation,
sedimentation, and filtering to remove suspended particles in the iron and organic matter
before the actual treatment begins. A chemical and its doses are then decided after an
elucidation of the water sample and the second last item,
o Disinfection: Killing of bacteria and viruses using Chlorine or Lucy. The actual chlorine
dose is monitored to keep the residual uniformly throughout the distribution system.
o Supplementary Treatment: If need be iron removal, softening, or reverse osmosis is
done after pre-treatment or disinfection.
o Storage: The treated water is stored in a container called a Clearwell before being
transferred to the community.
PAGE 4
Monitoring and controlling of processes:
o The facility will be fixed with continuous monitoring devices to measure critical readings
such as pH, chlorine residual, turbidity, and flow rates.
o Automated control systems adjust chemical dosages and methods based on real-time
data..
Maximum production capacity of the plant:

The plant's capacity (Q) will be tailored to satisfy the daily water demand of the neighborhood,
measured in gallons per day (GPD). The calculation may be derived using the accompanying
formula:
o Q (GPD) = Average daily consumption per person (X * D) + Peak hourly demand factor
(P)
o The equation for calculating the daily electricity consumption per person (Q) is the
product of the average daily consumption (X) and the number of days (D), plus the peak
hourly demand factor (P).
Location:
o X represents the population of a community.
o D represents the mean amount of water used per person daily, usually ranging from 50 to
100 gallons per day.
o P represents the peak hourly demand factor, which is typically 1.5 to 2 times the average
daily demand.
Factors should be taken into account during construction:

o The arrangement of the plant should be designed to ensure maximum movement efficiency and
minimum piping system complexity.
o Durability and corrosion resistance should be considered when selecting tank, filter, and pipeline
materials.
o Ensure compliance with environmental regulations concerning the discharge of treatment-
generated waste.
Record-keeping and written account:

o Comprehensive engineer drawings and specifications for all parts of the plant shall be
produced..
o Extend operating and maintenance manual will be established for the plant staff.
PAGE 5
In conclusion:
o This design gives a defined plan for a water treatment facility that can treat groundwater
and supply clean drinking water to a moderate-sized town . The particular procedures and
their arrangement will be established after analyzing the quality of the untreated water
and looking at the rules pertaining to the host area. Efficient production of high-quality
drinking water based on constant monitoring, accurate operation, and frequent
maintenance.
IMPORTANT:
o One culmination of study. Substantial further engineering effort will be required to
determine more specific parameters, such as the appropriate size of chemicals, the
equipment size, and the materials of construction. These determinations must be based on
the actual site conditions and the quality of the raw water.
o The statistics used is for illustration only
PAGE 6

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Designing A Water Treatment Plant

Usama Khan | (CV-437) | 7th /May/2024|4-13/2020/043

Factors to Assess in the Design:

The aeration tank is a component of a water treatment facility.

(see Figure 2).

Launches in a separate window the website address is www.thewatertreatments.com.

Launches in a separate window the website is elscolab.com.

A sedimentation basin is a component of a water treatment system.

Opens in a separate window the website is cropaia.com.

SUPPLEMENTARY THERAPY (IF NECESSARY):

Overview and Streamlining of Processes:

Maximum production capacity of the plant:

Factors should be taken into account during construction:

Record-keeping and written account:

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