US Army Medical Course MD0368-100 - Laboratory Centrifuge
US Army Medical Course MD0368-100 - Laboratory Centrifuge
US Army Medical Course MD0368-100 - Laboratory Centrifuge
LABORATORY
CENTRIFUGE
ADMINISTRATION
Students who desire credit hours for this correspondence subcourse must enroll in the
subcourse. Application for enrollment should be made at the Internet website:
http://www.atrrs.army.mil. You can access the course catalog in the upper right corner.
Enter School Code 555 for medical correspondence courses. Copy down the course
number and title. To apply for enrollment, return to the main ATRRS screen and scroll
down the right side for ATRRS Channels. Click on SELF DEVELOPMENT to open the
application; then follow the on-screen instructions.
Be sure your social security number is on all correspondence sent to the Academy of
Health Sciences.
CLARIFICATION OF TERMINOLOGY
When used in this publication, words such as "he," "him," "his," and "men" 'are intended
to include both the masculine and feminine genders, unless specifically stated otherwise
or when obvious in context.
The initial letters of the names of some products may be capitalized in this subcourse.
Such names are proprietary names, that is, brand names or trademarks. Proprietary
names have been used in this subcourse only to make it a more effective learning aid.
The use of any name, proprietary or otherwise, should not be interpreted as
endorsement, deprecation, or criticism of a product; nor should such use be considered
to interpret the validity of proprietary rights in a name, whether it is registered or not.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Lesson Paragraphs
INTRODUCTION
Exercises
Exercises
MD0368 i
CORRESPONDENCE COURSE OF
THE U.S. ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT CENTER AND SCHOOL
SUBCOURSE MD0368
LABORATORY CENTRIFUGE
INTRODUCTION
Subcourse Components:
Credit Awarded:
Upon successful completion of the examination for this subcourse, you will be
awarded 5 credit hours.
You can enroll by going to the web site http://atrrs.army.mil and enrolling under
"Self Development" (School Code 555).
MD0368 ii
LESSON ASSIGNMENT
LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
MD0368 1-1
LESSON 1
1-1. GENERAL
1-2. DESCRIPTION
d. Rotors. Any of four swing-out horizontal rotors and four 52° angle rotors can be
used in the centrifuge. Various shield configurations are available to accommodate tube
sizes ranging from 1 milliliter (ml) to 100ml. This permits the centrifuge to be used for a
variety of micro and semi-micro work. You can easily install and lock on rotors to the
centrifuge shaft by means of a drive pin and thumb screw. Shield positions in all rotors are
clearly numbered for positive identification of tubes.
MD0368 1-2
e. Front-Panel Controls. Front-panel controls include an illuminated power
switch, run-brake switch, automatic timer, adjustable speed control, and tachometer. You
can continuously adjust speed over the range of 500 revolutions per minute (rpm)
(minimum) to a specific maximum, depending upon the rotor and shield configuration
used.
Refer to figure 1-1 for an illustration of the location of the controls on the centrifuge.
MD0368 1-3
a. Power Switch. The illuminated power switch on the left side of the console
applies power to the centrifuge. The switch remains lighted while in the ON position.
b. Run/Brake Switch. The run/brake switch on the right side of the console is
spring-loaded to remain in the RUN position. In this position, with the power switch on and
the timer set to the desired spinning time, the motor is actuated to begin the centrifuge
cycle. When you manually hold down the switch in the BRAKE position, the switch
actuates an electric brake which will bring the rotor to a gentle stop in less than 30
seconds. To actuate the brake, perform the following:
(1) Press and hold the switch down. The brake will be activated as long as
the switch is held down.
NOTE: For delicate sedimentations, release the switch just before the rotor comes to a
stop and let the rotor coast gently to a stop.
(3) DO NOT HOLD THE BRAKE SWITCH DOWN AFTER THE ROTOR HAS
STOPPED. If you hold it down too long, the rotor will automatically begin accelerating in
the opposite direction.
NOTE: Unless the timer runs out or is turned to "0," the rotor will regain speed when the
switch is released.
(1) Gradually turn the speed control knob clockwise from "0" until the desired
speed is indicated on the tachometer.
(2) At the end of the centrifugation cycle, return the speed control knob
counterclockwise to "0."
(3) You may select any speed from minimum ("0") to the maximum velocities
indicated in figure 1-2 for each of the fourteen rotor/shield configurations.
NOTE: Before operating the centrifuge, the speed control should always be set at "0."
Depending on the rotor configuration and load, the centrifuge will rotate at less
than 500 rpm with the speed control set at "0."
MD0368 1-4
Cat. No. 0261 Cat. No. 0273
4-place 15ml horizontal rotor with 4-0901 4-place horizontal rotor with 4 multiple
shields. carriers for 20 13x100mm tubes (0922)
4-place 50ml horizontal rotor with 4-0900 6-place 15ml angle rotor with 6-0901
shields. shields.
8-place 15ml horizontal rotor with 8-0901 4-place 50ml angle rotor with 4-0900
shields. shields.
4-place 100ml horizontal rotor with 4-0908 12-place 15ml angle rotor with 12-0902
shields. shields.
Figure 1-2. Maximum angular velocities and relative centrifugal Forces for Dynac II
Centrifuge rotors (Model 0103 at 120 volts alternating current (vac),
60 hertz (Hz) and Model 0106 at 220vac, 50 Hz).
(Continued)
MD0368 1-5
Cat. No. 0269 & 0271 Cat. No. 0287
4-place horizontal rotor with 4 multiple 12-place 15ml horizontal rotor with 12-0901
carriers for 36 10x75mm tubes or shields.
28 12x75mm tubes (0920 & 0921).
24-place 15ml angle rotor with 24-0902 24-place angle rotor with 24-0904 shields.
shields.
Figure 1-2. Maximum angular velocities and relative centrifugal Forces for Dynac II
Centrifuge rotors (Model 0103 at 120 volts alternating current (vac),
60 hertz (Hz) and Model 0106 at 220vac, 50 Hz).
(Concluded)
d. Timer. Spinning time is controlled by a 30-minute timer with a hold position for
continuous operation. Operating the timer automatically turns on the centrifuge, provided
the power switch is on and the cover is securely latched.
(1) To set the timer, turn the knob clockwise to the desired setting. The
centrifuge will now operate to the end of the timed cycle and then shut off automatically.
(2) For continuous operation, turn the knob clockwise, to the HOLD position.
The centrifuge will now operate continuously until it is manually shut off. To shut off, turn
the knob counterclockwise to "0."
MD0368 1-6
e. Tachometer. The tachometer indicates the angular velocity of the centrifuge
rotor in thousands of rpm. The meter scale is graduated from "0" to 4,000 rpm in
increments of 100 rpm. When the centrifuge cycle is started, the tachometer needle may
not immediately move off the "0" point on the meter scale until the rotor speed reaches
approximately 500 rpm.
NOTE: The tachometer is accurate to within+5 percent over the range of 500 rpm to
4,000 rpm.
CAUTION: Never operate the centrifuge without a rotor installed. You could damage
the tachometer.
(1) Safety switch. When the cover is closed and latched, an electrical
interlock is engaged, and power is supplied to the motor. You cannot start the centrifuge
while the cover is open.
(2) Zero speed switch. Once the centrifuge is running, a zero speed switch
prevents the cover from being opened (unlatched). You cannot open the cover until the
rotor slows to less than 1 revolution per second (50rpm).
(a) To lock the cover, press down on the latch and cover until you hear
an audible click.
(b) To open the cover, wait until the rotor has stopped spinning and then
press the latch as shown in figure 1-3.
MD0368 1-7
1-4. LOAD BALANCING
For smooth centrifuge operation and extended equipment life, it is essential that
you balance the loads as equally as possible. For best results, the use of a balance is
recommended to obtain loads of equal weight. The angular distribution of material to be
centrifuged is critical where loads are not of equal weight. If you cannot equalize the
amount of fluid in the opposite tubes, fill the shield around the lighter tube with water until
the loads are balanced.
NOTE: Never attempt to balance by adding weights, mercury, or shot to the bottom of a
tube or shield.
a. Maximum Velocities. Figure 1-2 lists the maximum angular velocities and
relative centrifugal forces obtainable with each of fourteen interchangeable rotor and shield
configurations. Tip radius for each configuration is also listed. The maximum velocities
and centrifugal forces in figure 1-2 were derived by operating the Model 0103 Centrifuge at
120 vac, 60 Hz and Model 0106 Centrifuge at 220 vac, 50 Hz. These maximum velocities,
however, can vary significantly with changes in line voltage and frequency, and with load,
age and condition of the centrifuge.
NOTE: Always return the knob to the "0" position after completion of a cycle.
Rpm in thousands (tachometer speed) equals the square root of rcf divided by
28.4R.
Where: Rcf equals the relative centrifugal force specified for the particular
centrifugation procedure.
R equals tip radius of shield (in inches) obtained from Figure 1-2 for the rotor
centrifugation being used.
MD0368 1-8
1-6. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
c. Zero Speed Setting. Before turning the centrifuge on, always turn the speed
control knob to "0."
d. Load Balancing. For smooth operation and long service life, tubes must be
placed in a balanced array.
e. Timing and Speed. For accurate results, follow the timing and speed specified
for the particular centrifugation procedure.
1-7. HAZARDS
Basic safety precautions must be observed when operating the centrifuge in order
to avoid the hazards of electrical shock or other physical injury.
(1) Plug the power cord only into a grounded 3-wire receptacle.
(2) Never remove the grounding prong from the power plug.
(3) Always unplug the power cord before attempting to service the centrifuge.
MD0368 1-9
c. To avoid physical injury, never attempt to override the cover switch and lock
while the rotor is spinning.
a. Inspect Motor Brushes. Inspect the motor brushes for wear every six months.
Follow these procedures:
(2) Remove the rotor assembly and close and latch the centrifuge cover.
(3) Rest the centrifuge on the edge of the front console and cover.
(4) Remove the bottom cover and the drip pan plate.
(5) Locate the brush caps on the sides of the motor housing.
(6) Unscrew the brush caps and remove the spring and brush assemblies.
Carefully note the orientation of the curved brush surface.
(7) Inspect the brushes and replace if worn to a length of 6.3mm (1/4 inch) or
less.
(8) If the brush is not worn, return it to the same position that you found it.
(3) Clean the transparent cover with a mild detergent. Do not use carbon
tetrachloride, chloroform, gasoline or acetone, or other chemicals such as aromatic
hydrocarbons (benzene, scene, xylene) and strong alkalies (sodium and ammonium
oxide). These can damage the cover.
1-9. SPECIFICATIONS
MD0368 1-10
a. Rated Speed. The rated speed for Model 0103 (120 volts [v]) and Model 0106
(220v) is continuously adjustable from minimum speed. For maximum speeds, see figure
1-2 for speeds of fourteen different rotor/shield configurations.
b. Electrical Specifications.
(1) Model 0103: 120 volts alternating current (vac), 60 Hertz (Hz), 2.5
amperes (amps) and Model 0106: 220vac, 50Hz, 1.3amps UL approved.
(2) Tachometer Range: 0 to 4,000 rpm and accuracy: +5 percent over 500
rpm to 4,000 rpm.
(1) Check motor operation. Install a complete rotor and shield assembly.
With the centrifuge operating at the maximum speed setting, the external tachometer
reading should be within +10 percent of the maximum speed listed in figure 1-2 for the
rotor/shield configuration in use.
(2) Determine if supply voltage and frequency are correct. Such deviations
will affect maximum obtainable operating speed. If supply voltage and frequency are
correct, and the centrifuge motor speed or tachometer reading is outside the specified
tolerance, you must correct the problem. If you cannot correct the problem, contact your
nearest Clay Adams equipment dealer for service or call Clay Adams Technical Service
Department.
MD0368 1-11
EXERCISES, LESSON 1
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the following exercises by selecting the response that best
answers the question or best completes the statement.
After you have completed all of these exercises, turn to "Solutions to Exercises" at
the end of the lesson and check your answers. For any exercise answered incorrectly,
reread the material referenced after the solution.
a. Notched.
b. Lettered.
c. Numbered.
d. Color coded.
2. Refer to the figure below. Which number indicates the run/brake switch?
a. 3.
b. 4.
c. 5.
d. 6.
MD0368 1-12
3. If you are using a 4-place 50 ml horizontal rotor with 4-0900 shields, what is the
maximum speed?
a. 2560 rpm.
b. 2650 rpm.
c. 2690 rpm.
d. 2760 rpm.
4. What is the rcf if you are using an 8-place 15 ml horizontal rotor with 8-0901 shields?
a. 1364.
b. 1232.
c. 1131.
d. 1093.
5. You are inspecting the motor brushes for wear. After you locate the brush cap on
the left side of the motor housing, what is your next step?
a. Unscrew the brush cap and remove the spring and brush assembly.
b. Remove the rotor assembly and close and latch the centrifuge cover.
c. Rest the centrifuge on the edge of the front console and cover.
6. You are reviewing the specifications for the centrifuge. What is the percentage of
accuracy for the tachometer range over 500 rpm to 4,000 rpm?
a. +2 percent.
b. +5 percent.
c. +7 percent.
d. +9 percent.
Check Your Answers on Next Page
MD0368 1-13
SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 1.
1. c (para 1-2d)
2. c (figure 1-1)
3. a (figure 1-2)
4. d (figure 1-2)
5. a (para 1-8a(6))
6. b (para 1-9b(2))
End of Lesson 1
MD0368 1-14
LESSON ASSIGNMENT
LESSON OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
MD0368 2-1
LESSON 2
In describing the circuit configuration, we will use the parallel method beginning
with the black wire, hot side, and complete the circuit with the neutral (common) side.
Refer to figure 2-1 for the Dynac II schematic.
a. Armature Circuit.
(1) With the power cord plugged into the wall outlet (receptacle), close the
lid. When the cover latch snaps into place, it automatically closes the lid interlock
switch, which is on the neutral side of the line.
(2) The 120vac will be on the black wire through fuse F-1 to one side of switch
S-1. Close S-1 and continue on the white/tan wire to J2-5, to J3-7, red wire, to switch
S-3, the timer switch. When time is selected, S-3 will close the 1-2-3 points. The 120 vac
will now be at one side of the timer also. From S3-2, 120 vac will be on the black wire
to the speed control through the speed control to J3-11.
(3) From J3-11 to J5-1 through the normally closed (spring loaded) S2,
run/brake switch, to J5-8, to J1-6, to the brown wire, to one side of the armature.
(4) For the neutral side, 120vac will be at S-1, white wire, through S-1, to
the red wire, to the lid interlock switch, S-4.
NOTE: S-4 is a number assigned by the school for clarification. The mfg only lists it
as lid interlock.
(5) When the lid is closed, S-4 is closed, and 120 vac will be on the black
wire to J2-11, to J3-1, and jumped with a white/black wire to J3-2 through the pc board
to J1-2. From J1-2, white wire, to the field windings. From the field windings, the
voltage will be variable (depends on speed control setting) to J1-3. From J1-3, pc
board, to J5-4, orange wire to S-2 (run/brake switch), through S-2, to J5-2, brown wire,
pc board, to J1-5. From J1-5, yellow wire, to one side of the armature.
MD0368 2-2
Figure 2-1. DYNAC II schematic--120 volts.
MD0368 2-3
NOTE: Voltage is variable on both the hot and neutral sides due to action of the
speed control pc circuit.
b. Timer Circuit. (Use the same reference as with the armature circuit.)
(1) The 120v is on the black wire to fuse F-1 and from F-1 to S-1. The lid is
closed, closing the lid interlock switch. From S-1, through the white/tan wire, to J2-5, pc
board to J3-7, red wire, to S3-1. Select time on the timer, closing S3-1 and S3-3 points.
120vac will be on the black wire at the timer motor.
(2) The common line is white wire to S-1. Close S-1 and 120vac will be on
the red wire to S-4 and the black wire to J2-11, pc board, J3-1, jumped to J3-2, using a
white/black wire. From J3-2 through the pc board, run to J3-5 and the white wire to the
other side of the timer motor.
c. Brake Circuit.
CAUTION: Do not hold S-2 closed after armature comes to a complete stop as the
armature will begin to accelerate in reverse.
(1) The path for voltage/current flow will be the black wire to the fuse, to
S-1, the white and tan wire to J2-5, J2-4, through R-18, to J2-2, to J5-3. From J5-3,
yellow wire, to S-2, brown wire, to J5-2, to J1-5, and yellow wire to the brush and to the
motor.
(2) The neutral side is as follows: white wire to S-1, and red wire to the lid
interlock, black wire, to J2-11, to J3-1. The white/black wire to J3-2, to J1-2, and the
white wire to the field windings. From the field winding, the black wire to Jl-3, J5-6, and
purple wire to S-2. Red wire at S-2 to J5-8, J1-6, and the brown wire to the brush and
to the motor.
MD0368 2-4
(3) Lid Solenoid-J2-8 and J2-10 -approximately 97vdc.
(4) The T1 secondary has approximately 24 vac across its windings. CR1
rectifies the ac and C1 is the filter for the +18vdc supply regulated by CR3. F2 protects
T1 secondary. CR4 is a 12v zener diode which provides power for IC1, IC2, Q2, Q1
and K1. Z1 is a light emitting diode/transistor package. The positive +12v supply
forward biases Z1 turning it on and charging C3.
(5) The Q1 is on at this time because of the +12v supply and the voltage divider
network R10, R11 and R15. The collector of Q1 is low, and this low is felt to IC1 pin 2.
IC1 pin 3 is also low at this time, and there is no signal to the tachometer. The arm
attached to the armature motor turns as the armature turns. The arm will block the light
being emitted by Z1, turning off Z1. C3 discharges. This places a low on the base of
Q1, turning off Q1. A high will be felt from the collector of Q1 to IC1 pin 2.
(6) The high at IC1 pin 2 causes IC1 pin 3 to go high at this time. The high
at IC1 pin 3 is felt through R7, R8, R9, and the tachometer causing the tachometer to
read upscale. R9 is the tachometer adjust resistor. As the speed of the centrifuge
increases, IC1 pin 3 goes more positive causing the tachometer to read further upscale.
(1) The Q1, Q2, IC2, and K1 make up a circuit that de-energizes the lid solenoid
once the centrifuge drops below 50rpm. The same low felt on IC2 pin 2 is felt on the
base of Q1 when Z1 is not conducting and C3 is discharging. Whenever IC2 pin 2 goes
high, IC2 pin 3 goes high.
(2) This high energizes K1 coil. The K1's points are closed putting 120vac to
BR1. The output of BR1 will energize the lid solenoid so that the operator cannot open
the lid once 50rpm's have been reached.
(3) If the centrifuge times down or the speed control is set to zero, and the
centrifuge drops below 50rpm, the following happens. As the speed decreases, fewer
highs are felt to IC2 pin 2. Also at this time, the base of Q1 stays high longer, which
keeps Q1 on longer. This keeps Q2 off longer. When Q2 is off, C7 is allowed to
charge, putting a high on pins 6 and 7 of IC2. This high will cause IC2 3 to go low. K2
coil de-energizes and its points open. The 120vac is taken away from BR1. The lid solenoid
de-energizes, and the operator can open the lid on top of the centrifuge.
You use a troubleshooting guide to isolate the cause of malfunctions. You first
identify the symptom, then check for the possible causes, and finally take the corrective
action. Refer to the troubleshooting guide in figure 2-2.
MD0368 2-5
SYMPTOM POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTIVE ACTION
2. Brake switch fails Brake system defective. Remove and replace the
to decelerate rotor. defective component of the
brake system.
MD0368 2-6
Section II. REMOVE AND REPLACE DEFECTIVE COMPONENTS
Once you have isolated a defective component, you must remove and replace
the component. Refer to figure 2-3 for an exploded view of components. Follow the
procedures in the following paragraphs.
a. Remove and Replace the External Fuse. The external fuse is located in the
back of the centrifuge. If you find that the external fuse is defective, replace it with a
fuse of the following rating: Model 0103 -Type 3AG, 4 amp, 250 volt fuse, and
Model 0106 -Type 3AG, 2.5 amp, 250 volt fuse. Always determine what caused the
fuse to blow.
(2) Install a new fuse in the holder and push the holder into the fuse
receptacle until it locks into position.
(2) Remove the rotor assembly and close and latch the centrifuge cover.
(3) Rest the centrifuge on the edge of the front console and cover.
(4) Remove the four screws and rubber feet which secure the bottom cover
to the centrifuge base. Unloosen the cover clamp screw until the clamp is loose.
Remove the bottom cover and drip pan plate.
(5) Locate the brush cap on the left side of the motor housing.
(6) Unscrew the brush cap and remove the spring and brush assembly
carefully noting the orientation of the curved brush surface.
(7) Inspect the brush and replace if worn to a length of 6.3 mm (1/4 inch) or
less.
NOTE: If the brush is not worn, replace it exactly as you found it.
(8) To install a new brush, insert the spring and brush assembly into the
receptacle. Be sure the curved surface the brush is oriented to match the curved
surface of the motor housing before insertion.
MD0368 2-7
Figure 2-3. Exploded view of Dynac II centrifuge (continued).
MD0368 2-8
ITEM NO DESCRIPTION
Motor Assembly (120 volt)
Motor Brush Kit (set of 2)
Gasket, Motor
Timer Assembly (120 volt)
Knob, Timer or Speed Control
Power Switch (120 volt)
Brake Switch
Cordset Assembly
Cover Assembly
Bumpers, Lid (set of 2)
Latch Assembly
Lid Cushion
Latch Plate
Solenoid Assembly
Safety Switch
Cover, Solenoid
Resistor, 50Ω, 30w
Brake Resistor, 25Ω, 30w
Meter Asse mbly
Speed Control Assembly (120 volt)
Front Panel
Vibration Isolators (set of 3)
Feet, Rubber (set of 4)
P.C. Board Assembly (120 volt)
Tachometer P.C. Board
26 Fuse Holder
27 Transformer P.C. Board
28 Relay K2 (120 volt)
29 Motor Assembly (220 volt)
30 P.C. Board (220 volt)
31 Timer Assembly (220 volt)
32 Power Switch (220 volt)
33 Speed Control Assembly (220 volt)
34 Relay K2 (220 volt)
35 Resistor, 1500Ω, 30w (220 volt)
36 Transformer (220 volt)
MD0368 2-9
(9) Replace the brush cap and screw down tightly.
(10) Locate the brush cap on the right side of the motor.
NOTE: If the electrical leads on the right side of the motor interfere with the removal
of the brush, disconnect the leads.
(11) Disconnect the leads from their pin terminals. Mark each lead for
reconnection to the proper terminal.
(12) Remove the brush cap and brush assembly. Inspect and replace the
brush if worn.
(b) Slide the bottom cover on the top edges on either side of the back
cutout underneath the wings of the cover clamp. Retighten the clamp and replace
rubber feet and screws.
NOTE: Always run-in new brushes. The centrifuge may not operate properly until
you operate the centrifuge for several hours with a rotor installed.
(2) Remove and replace the tachometer meter assembly. (Part number
0103-610-000).
MD0368 2-10
e. Install Rotors. All rotors are installed in an identical manner, as follows.
(1) Remove the knurled retaining screw from the Centrifuge motor shaft.
(2) Place the rotor on the shaft so that the drive pin in the motor shaft
engages the slot in the rotor.
(4) Replace knurled retaining screw on motor shaft and hand-tighten snugly.
(5) Insert the desired number of shields in the rotor in a balanced array.
NOTE: Before operating the centrifuge, set the speed control to "0." Depending on
the rotor configuration and load, the centrifuge will rotate at less than 500 rpm
with the speed control at "0."
(4) Gradually turn the speed control knob clockwise from "0" until the
tachometer indicates the desired speed.
(5) At the end of the centrifuge cycle, return the speed control knob
counterclockwise to "0."
(2) Ensure that the centrifuge operates to the end of the timed cycle.
MD0368 2-11
c. Check the Tachometer. Ensure that the tachometer indicates rpm.
d. Check the Cover Safety Latch Assembly. Ensure that the cover locks
properly.
(2) Ensure that the rotor comes to a gentle stop in less than 30 seconds.
MD0368 2-12
EXERCISES, LESSON 2
INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the following exercises by selecting the response that best
answers the question or best completes the statement.
After you have completed all of these exercises, turn to "Solutions to Exercises" at
the end of the lesson and check your answers. For any exercise answered incorrectly,
reread the material referenced after the solution.
1. You are identifying characteristics of the armature circuit, reference at F1. On the
neutral side, 120 vac will be at S-1, common, incoming wire, through S-1,
common, outgoing wire, to:
a. S-1.
b. S-2.
c. Speed control.
3. In the brake circuit, the path for voltage/current flow is the black wire to the fuse to:
a. S-1.
b. S-2.
c. S-3.
MD0368 2-13
4. For the tachometer pc board, reference at J4-6 and test at J4-4 for how many
volts?
a. +12mvdc.
b. +9mvdc.
c. +6mvdc.
d. +3mvdc.
5. In the lid solenoid circuit, which of the following make up a circuit that de-energizes
the lid solenoid once the centrifuge drops below 50 rpm?
b. Q1 and IC1.
MD0368 2-14
SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 2
1. b (para 2-1a(4))
2. a (para 2-1b(1))
3. a (para 2-1c(1))
4. c (para 2-1d(2))
5. a (para 2-1e(1))
6. d (figure 2-2)
End of Lesson 2
MD0368 2-15