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ABAP interpreter
Work process component that executes the processing logic oI an ABAP
program and communicates with the database interIace.
ALE
Application Link Enabling: a means oI creating and operating distributed
applications.
BAPI
A Business Application Programming InterIace is a standardized
programming interIace that Iacilitates internal and external access to business
processes and data in SAP systems.
BOR
The Business Object Repository gives you an overview oI the business
objects in an SAP system, and Iunctions Ior managing them.
Buffer
Area in the main memory oI an instance that can be used Ior temporary
storage oI data Irequently used by the applications.
Central system
A central SAP system consists oI a single instance, which provides all
necessary SAP services, and the accompanying database. Both the instance
and the database will normally be hosted on the same computer.
Client
A client usually represents a company in an SAP system. This means that iI
an SAP system has several clients, then several companies can be represented
and simultaneously active in that system. The client has a corresponding key
Iield in the tables oI the database Ior that SAP system. II you are logged on
to a speciIic client, then you can only access data Ior that client. Clients
thereIore correspond to independent business entities.
SoItware component that uses the services provided by a server
(soItware-oriented view) or work station Ior which the server provides
resources (hardware-oriented view).
Command field
You can start applications directly by entering the transaction code in the
command Iield.
CPI-C
Common Program InterIace Communication describes the exchange oI data
between diIIerent programs. Data 'packed in CPI-C can be transIerred using
various technical protocols, such as TCP/IP or LU6.2.
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GIossary TAW10_1
database interface
Component oI a work process that connects it to the database. The database
interIace translates Open SQL into database-speciIic SQL, thereby enabling
communication with the database.
DIAG
Dynamic InIormation and Action Gateway: Protocol Ior communication
between SAP GUI and the application server (also known as the SAP GUI
protocol).
Dispatcher
Central process on an instance. It is responsible, among other things, Ior
starting work processes and distributing the transaction load across work
processes.
EDI
Electronic Data Interchange. The electronic exchange oI structured data,
such as business documents, between domestic and international companies
using a variety oI hardware, soItware and communication services. For this
purpose, the data involved is Iormatted according to predeIined standards.
You can conIigure EDI using ALE.
F1 Help
You can use the F1 key to display an explanation oI Iields, menus, Iunctions
and system messages. The F1 help also displays technical inIormation on
the relevant Iield.
F4 Help
The F4 help displays input help (possible values) Ior a Iield that is ready
Ior input.
favorite
field group
A Iield group comprises a set oI related screen elements, Ior example, all
checkboxes in one selection.
gateway
InterIace that converts one communication protocol into another
communication protocol.
HTTP
World Wide Web (WWW) application protocol. The HyperText TransIer
Protocol (HTTP) controls communication between the Web browser (the
HTTP client) and the Web server (the HTTP server).
IDoc
Intermediate document: SAP standard Iormat Ior electronic data exchange
between systems.
Instance
Administrative unit that combines SAP system components providing one or
more services. The services provided are started and stopped at the same time.
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TAW10_1 GIossary
Internet Communication Manager
The Internet Communication Manager (ICM) is the component oI the SAP
architecture that enables an SAP system to communicate directly with the
Internet.
LU6.2
Logical Unit Type 6.2: SNA log Ior program-to-program communication.
SNA (System Network Architecture) prescribes the logical structures,
Iormats and logs Ior the transIer oI data within a network.
Message Server
Independent program that maintains a list oI all instances in an SAP system.
The message server determines which instance a user logs on to and organizes
communication between instances.
mySAP Business Suite
mySAP Business Suite is a complete package oI open enterprise solutions that
link all people involved, inIormation, and processes, and thereIore improve
the eIIectiveness oI your business relationships.
Native SQL
Database language that enables the use oI database-speciIic SQL statements
in an ABAP program.
OLE
Object Linking and Embedding is supported by SAP systems. The
inIormation required by the OLE interIace is transIerred using RFC to
OLE-enabled applications outside the SAP system.
Open SQL
SAP-speciIic range oI SQL statements. Open SQL allows you to avoid
conIlicts between database tables and makes ABAP programs independent
oI the database system used.
PAI
Process AIter Input. PAI is a processing block in the screen Ilow logic that is
executed aIter the screen is displayed. This processing block calls modules
in ABAP programs and determines the processing that is required aIter a
user action on the screen.
PBO
Process BeIore Output. Block oI code that is processed aIter a screen is
called but beIore it is actually displayed.
Quick Link
Navigation tool to Iacilitate rapid access to speciIic areas oI the SAP Service
Marketplace. To call up a Quick Link, simply add it to the Web address,
preceded by a '/ (Ior example: http://service.sap.com/netweaver).
request queue
Queue into which incoming requests are placed.
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GIossary TAW10_1
RFC
The Remote Function Call (RFC) is an SAP interIace protocol based on
CPI-C. It simpliIies the programming oI communication processes between
systems.
Role
A role is a collection oI activities that a person perIorms to participate in one
or more business scenarios in an organization. You access the transactions,
reports, Web-based applications and other objects contained in roles through
user menus.
SAP Easy Access
SAP Easy Access is the deIault initial screen in SAP systems. The leIt side
oI the screen contains a tree hierarchy oI the menus available to you in the
SAP system; you can use the right side oI the screen to display a graphic,
such as your company logo.
SAP GUI
SAP Graphical User InterIace; medium, which the user can use to exchange
inIormation with the computer. You can use the user interIace to choose
commands, start programs, display Iiles and execute other options by
pressing Iunction keys or selecting menu options.
SAP GUI for HTML
SAP GUI that runs in the Web browser and generates HTML pages
dynamically on the basis oI SAP screens. Requires an Internet Transaction
Server (SAP ITS).
SAP GUI for 1ava
PlatIorm-independent SAP GUI, requires a Java environment.
SAP GUI for Windows
SAP GUI implementation in a Windows environment
SAP Logon
When you call up the SAP Logon, it displays a list oI SAP systems Ior which
you can start the logon process. This list is taken Irom the inIormation in a Iile
on the Iront end: saplogon.ini. This Iile is usually centrally preconIigured and
provided Ior end users. During logon, the SAP Logon program also enables
logon load balancing using the resources available Ior the system selected.
SAP Note
An SAP Note is text inIormation on a speciIic topic, problem or system
message that you may come across when working in the system. All SAP
Notes are stored at SAP in an online database, and customers can call them
up Irom there. An example question could be: 'Which versions oI Database
XY are approved by SAP Ior use with my SAP system?
SAP Service Marketplace
Central portal (URL http://service.sap.com) that provides services,
inIormation and other oIIers to SAP customers and partners.
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TAW10_1 GIossary
SAP system
An SAP system can be, Ior example, an SAP R/3 Enterprise, an SAP BW-
or an SAP CRM system. SAP systems are the central components oI SAP
solutions within the Iramework oI the mySAP Business Suite.
SAP Web Application Server
Server (soItware-oriented view) that provides a range oI services Ior
operating an SAP system. The terms instance and SAP Web Application
Server are usually used synonymously.
SAP Web AS 1ava
Since SAP Web AS 6.20, SAP ships a J2EE application server called SAP
Web AS Java. On this application server you can execute programs written in
Java (more precisely: according to the J2EE standard).
screen
Also called 'dynpro, Irom DYNamic PROgram. A screen consists oI a
screen image and its underlying Ilow logic.
screen processor
Component that executes the screen Ilow logic oI application programs.
Server
SoItware component that provides a service (soItware-oriented view) or
central computer within a network that provides resources Ior the individual
work-station computers (hardware-oriented view).
Shared memory
Area oI the main memory that all work processes Ior that instance can access.
SMTP
SMTP: Simple Mail TransIer Protocol. SMTP is the most commonly used
protocol Ior transmitting e-mails on the Internet. The e-mail program passes
the e-mail to an SMTP server, which then transIers it to the recipient's mail
server. In SAP systems, the ICM has now taken on the role oI the mail server.
SOAP
SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol For an exact and current deIinition oI
the current SOAP standard, see http://www.w3.org
task handler
The task handler coordinates processes and manages resources within a work
process.
TCP/IP
The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, developed in 1969,
describes a procedure Ior transIerring data between computers. It is the
standard protocol Ior Internet data transIer.
transaction code
A transaction code (also known as a TCode) is a sequence oI characters
that identiIies a transaction in the SAP system. A transaction code may
contain up to 20 characters and must always begin with a letter. Permitted
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GIossary TAW10_1
characters are letters Irom A to Z, numbers Irom 0 to 9, and the underscore.
To call up a transaction, enter the transaction code into the command Iield
and choose ENTER.
User Master Record
The user master record contains the deIinition oI a particular user in the
client. Some oI the Iields are name, Iirst name, initial password and phone
number. The user master record is used to create the user context (see: user
context) when a user logs on to the system.
Work process
Process that handles requests in an SAP system. The Iollowing work process
types exist: Dialog (Ior executing dialog programs), update (Ior changing
database entries), background (Ior executing background jobs), spool (Ior
print Iormatting) and enqueue (Ior executing lock operations).
workflow event
A workIlow event creates a link between an activity in the SAP system and
the people involved.
518 2005 SAP AG. All rights reserved. 2005/Q4