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Java Programming for Beginners – Comprehensive Notes

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language known for its platform independence, simplicity, and robustness. The document covers essential features, setting up the development environment, writing basic programs, Java syntax, object-oriented programming principles, exception handling, and user input. It emphasizes the importance of mastering these basics for building strong programming skills and suggests exploring advanced topics in the future.

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3 views6 pages

Java Programming for Beginners – Comprehensive Notes

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language known for its platform independence, simplicity, and robustness. The document covers essential features, setting up the development environment, writing basic programs, Java syntax, object-oriented programming principles, exception handling, and user input. It emphasizes the importance of mastering these basics for building strong programming skills and suggests exploring advanced topics in the future.

Uploaded by

Swati
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java Programming for Beginners – Comprehensive Notes

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language developed by James Gosling at Sun


Microsystems (now owned by Oracle) and released in 1995. It is widely used for developing web
applications, mobile apps (Android), desktop applications, and enterprise solutions.

---

1. Features of Java

Java has several features that make it popular:

1. Platform Independent – Java programs can run on any operating system using the Java Virtual
Machine (JVM).

2. Object-Oriented – Everything in Java is based on objects and classes.

3. Simple and Secure – Java eliminates complex features like pointers and provides security mechanisms.

4. Robust and Reliable – Java includes automatic memory management (Garbage Collection) to prevent
memory leaks.

5. Multi-threaded – Java supports multithreading, allowing multiple tasks to run simultaneously.

6. Portable – Java code can be compiled once and run anywhere ("Write Once, Run Anywhere" – WORA).

7. High Performance – Java uses Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation for faster execution.

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2. Setting Up Java Development Environment

To start Java programming, follow these steps:

1. Download and Install JDK (Java Development Kit)

Download from Oracle’s website.

Install and configure the environment variable JAVA_HOME.

2. Install an IDE (Integrated Development Environment)


Popular IDEs: Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA, NetBeans, or VS Code.

3. Verify Java Installation

Open the command prompt (CMD) and type:

java -version

If installed correctly, it will display the installed Java version.

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3. Writing Your First Java Program

Every Java program starts with a class and the main method.

Example: Hello World Program

// This is a simple Java program


public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, World!");
}
}

Explanation:

1. public class HelloWorld – Defines a class named HelloWorld.

2. public static void main(String[] args) – The entry point of any Java program.

3. System.out.println("Hello, World!"); – Prints the text on the screen.

How to Run the Program

1. Save the file as HelloWorld.java.

2. Open the terminal or command prompt.

3. Compile the program:

javac HelloWorld.java
4. Run the compiled program:

java HelloWorld

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4. Java Syntax and Basics

A. Variables and Data Types

Variables store values in memory. Java supports different data types:

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B. Operators in Java

Operators perform operations on variables:

Example: Arithmetic Operators

public class OperatorsExample {


public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10, b = 5;
System.out.println("Addition: " + (a + b));
System.out.println("Multiplication: " + (a * b));
}
}

---

C. Control Statements

Control statements decide the flow of execution.

1. Conditional Statements (if-else, switch)

public class IfElseExample {


public static void main(String[] args) {
int num = 10;
if (num > 0) {
System.out.println("Positive Number");
} else {
System.out.println("Negative Number");
}
}
}
2. Loops (for, while, do-while)

Loops are used to execute statements multiple times.

For Loop Example

public class ForLoopExample {


public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
System.out.println("Iteration: " + i);
}
}
}

While Loop Example

public class WhileLoopExample {


public static void main(String[] args) {
int i = 1;
while (i <= 5) {
System.out.println("Iteration: " + i);
i++;
}
}
}

---

5. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Java

Java follows the Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) paradigm, which includes:

1. Classes and Objects

2. Encapsulation

3. Inheritance

4. Polymorphism

5. Abstraction

A. Classes and Objects

A class is a blueprint for objects, and an object is an instance of a class.

Example: Creating a Class and Object


class Car {
String model;
int speed;

void display() {
System.out.println("Model: " + model + ", Speed: " + speed);
}
}

public class CarDemo {


public static void main(String[] args) {
Car myCar = new Car(); // Creating an object
myCar.model = "Toyota";
myCar.speed = 120;
myCar.display();
}
}

---

B. Encapsulation (Data Hiding)

Encapsulation hides the data and provides controlled access using getters and setters.

class Person {
private String name; // Private variable

// Setter method
public void setName(String newName) {
name = newName;
}

// Getter method
public String getName() {
return name;
}
}

public class EncapsulationExample {


public static void main(String[] args) {
Person p = new Person();
p.setName("Alice");
System.out.println("Person Name: " + p.getName());
}
}

---

6. Exception Handling

Java uses try-catch blocks to handle errors.


public class ExceptionExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int num = 10 / 0; // This will cause an error
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Cannot divide by zero!");
}
}
}

---

7. Java Input and Output (I/O)

To take input from the user, we use Scanner class.

import java.util.Scanner;

public class UserInputExample {


public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter your name: ");
String name = sc.nextLine();
System.out.println("Hello, " + name);
}
}

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8. Conclusion

Java is a powerful, flexible, and widely used programming language. By understanding its basics, such as
syntax, OOP principles, and exception handling, beginners can build strong programming skills. As you
progress, you can explore multithreading, collections, networking, and frameworks like Spring and
Hibernate.

Would you like notes on advanced Java topics as well?

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