INTELLIGENT ENRGY SAVING SYSTEM.

(ELECTRIC POWER SAVING USING HUMEN BODY PIR SENSING DEVICE) All lighting systems are operated with lighting controls i.e. devices that switch lights on and off or devices that dim light output. The most common and basic lighting control is a simple on-off switch, which, when flipped, opens and closes the lighting circuit and switching on or off the lamps. While the basic switch is economical in terms of initial cost, they can actually become quite expensive over time in terms of total ownership cost. If you look at most large city skylines at night, we see an almost majestic view of skyscrapers dotted with thousands of lights, each of them a window offering a view of an office or space that is lighted but unoccupied. Lighting system operation costs money, and yet organizations lose profits every day by paying to operate lighting systems when nobodys there to work. Its like paying workers to sit and do nothing. A solution is the adoption of automatic lighting controls that switch the lights based on occupancy. Occupancy sensors are automatic switching devices that sense human occupancy and control the lighting system accordingly, either by turning on/off the lighting system. Energy, a basic product for which the electric utility charges, is the result of a lighting system used over time:

Power (watts) x Time (hours) = Energy (kilowatt-hours). If we reduce the hours of operation for a lighting system, then we can significantly reduce energy use and associated costs. By turning off the lights when occupants are not present using occupancy sensors, we reduce energy waste that can result in a reduction in lighting energy consumption. According to the California Energy Commission, Energy saving potential is highly dependent on baseline assumptions and operation, but values of 35% to 45% are typical. In an occupancy or PIR -based motion detector, the PIR sensor is typically mounted on a printed circuit board which also contains the necessary electronics required to interpret the signals from the chip. The sensor is mounted in a location where it can view the area to be monitored. Infrared energy is able to reach the sensor through the opaque window because the plastic used is transparent to infrared radiation. This plastic sheet or bubble prevents the introduction of dust which could obscure the sensor's field of view. A person entering the monitored area is detected when the infrared energy emitted from the person's body is focused by a lens or a mirror segment and overlaps a section on the chip which had previously been looking at some much cooler part of the protected area. As the person moves, so does the hot spot on the surface of the chip - moving hot spots cause the electronics

connected to the chip to de-energize the relay, operating its contacts and illuminating the lamp circuit.

Relays can be incorporated in the lighting circuit to have more than one detector operating the same lights i.e. both end of a corridor or to switch between dimmed lighting when areas are unoccupied and full output when movement is detected. A good electrician should be able to advise you on what relay would be required to suit your conditions and use.

In this concept, a human body passive infrared detect the PIR sensor and gives the output to the driver circuit, in this driver circuit the logic output is fed to amplifier circuit , the logic output is connect to the inverter IC 555,in this logic output we have two option, logic low and logic high , when PIR sensor gives low output, this output is connected to the IC 555 of pin 2 as a trigger input pin as a trigger ,when input of pin 2 is low the output of IC 555 of pin 3 goes high and triggered the relay, relay is connected to another IC 40106 to gives the delay from PIR sensor when sensor is NO detection condition this delay help us to avoided chattering when man/ human body came or out in the room for a few seconds. Once the PIR is detected the infrared and gets output from device the output will automatically OFF after some time and avid chattering.

In the room, the default electrical connection is already ON, i.e. like fan, bulb, tube-light etc is automatically ON when human body present in PIR room. You can OFF or ON another switch as a sensing triggering, PIR is detected the passive infrared till human body is present.

PIR Motion Sensor

Pyroelectric("Passive")InfraRed sensors: '''What is a PIR sensor?'''
PIR sensors allow you to sense motion, almost always used to detect whether a human has moved in or out of the sensors range. They are small, inexpensive, low-power, easy to use and don't wear out. For that reason they are commonly found in appliances and gadgets used in homes or businesses. They are often referred to as PIR, "Passive Infrared", "Pyroelectric", or "IR motion" sensors. PIRs are basically made of a pyroelectric sensor (which you can see above as the round metal can with a rectangular crystal in the center), which can detect levels of infrared radiation. Everything emits some low level radiation, and the hotter something is, the more radiation is emitted. The sensor in a motion detector is actually split in two halves. The reason for that is that we are looking to detect motion (change) not average IR levels. The two halves are wired up so that they cancel each other out. If one half sees more or less IR radiation than the other, the output will swing high or low. Along with the pyroelectic sensor is a bunch of supporting circuitry, resistors and capacitors. It seems that most small hobbyist sensors use the BISS0001 ("Micro Power PIR Motion Detector IC"), undoubtedly a very inexpensive chip. This chip takes the output of the sensor and does some minor processing on it to emit a digital output pulse from the analog sensor. For many basic projects or products that need to detect when a person has left or entered the area, or has approached, PIR sensors are great. They are low power and low cost, pretty rugged, have a wide lens range, and are easy to interface with. Note that PIRs won't tell you how many

people are around or how close they are to the sensor, the lens is often fixed to a certain sweep and distance (although it can be hacked somewhere) and they are also sometimes set off by house pets. Experimentation is key! Some basic stats

These stats are for the PIR sensor in the Adafruit shop which is very much like the Parallax one. Nearly all PIRs will have slightly different specifications, although they all pretty much work the same. If there's a datasheet, you'll want to refer to it

Size: Rectangular Output: Digital pulse high (3V) when triggered (motion detected) digital low when idle (no motion detected). Pulse lengths are determined by resistors and capacitors on the PCB and differ from sensor to sensor. Sensitivity range: up to 20 feet (6 meters) 110 degrees x 70 degrees detection range Power supply: 3.3V - 5V input voltage,

How does it work? PIR sensors are more complicated than many of the other sensors explained in these tutorials (like photocells, FSRs and tilt switches) because there are multiple variables that affect the sensors input and output. To begin explaining how a basic sensor works, we'll use the rather nice diagram below (if anyone knows where it originates plz let me know). The PIR sensor itself has two slots in it, each slot is made of a special material that is sensitive to IR. The lens used here is not really doing much and so we see that the two slots can 'see' out past some distance (basically the sensitivity of the sensor). When the sensor is idle, both slots detect the same amount of IR, the ambient amount radiated from the room or walls or outdoors. When a warm body like a human or animal passes by, it first intercepts one half of the PIR sensor, which causes a positive differential change between the two halves. When the warm body leaves the sensing area,

the reverse happens, whereby the sensor generates a negative differential change. These change pulses are what is detected. The PIR sensor itself

The IR sensor itself is housed in a hermetically sealed metal can to improve noise/temperature/humidity immunity. There is a window made of IRtransmissive material (typically coated silicon since that is very easy to come by) that protects the sensing element. Behind the window are the two balanced sensors. Check out the images for more details:

Lenses PIR sensors are rather generic and for the most part vary only in price and sensitivity. Most of the real magic happens with the optics. This is a pretty good idea for manufacturing: the PIR sensor and circuitry is fixed and costs a few dollars. The lens costs only a few cents and can change the breadth, range, sensing pattern, very easily. In the diagram above, the lens is just a piece of plastic, but that means that the detection area is just two rectangles. Usually we'd like to have a detection area that is much larger. To do that, we use a simple lens such as those found in a camera: they condenses a large area (such as a landscape) into a small one (on film or a CCD sensor). For reasons that will be apparent soon, we would like to make the PIR lenses small and thin and moldable from cheap plastic, even though it may add distortion. For this reason the sensors are actually Fresnel lenses (see image below). OK, so now we have a much larger range. However, remember that we actually have two sensors, and more importantly we dont want two really big sensing-area rectangles, but rather a scattering of multiple small areas. So what we do is split up the lens into multiple section, each section of which is a fresnel lens. The different faceting and sub-lenses create a range of detection areas, interleaved with each other. That's why the lens centers in the facets above are 'inconsistent' - every other one points to a different half of the PIR sensing element

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Testing your PIR Once you have your PIR wired up its a good idea to do a simple test to verify that it works the way you expect. This test is also good for range testing. Simply connect 3-4 alkaline batteries (make sure you have more than 3.5VDC out but less than 6V by checking with your multimeter!) and connect ground to the - pin on your PIR. Power goes to the + pin. Then connect a basic red LED (red LEDs have lower forward voltages than green or blue so they work better with only the 3.3v output) and a 220 ohm resistor (any value from 100 ohm to 1.0K ohm will do fine) to the out pin as shown. Of course, the LED and resistor can swap locations as long as the LED is oriented connection and connects between out and ground Now when the PIR detects motion, the output pin will go "high" to 3.3V and light up the LED! Once you have the breadboard wired up, insert batteries and wait 30-60 seconds for the PIR to 'stabilize'. During that time the LED may blink a little. Wait until the LED is off and then move around in front of it, waving a hand, etc, to see the LED light up!

MAGIC POWER SAVER SWITCH PIR SENSOR Body Movement detecter Are you harashed with unnecessary electricity bills? Here is a solid solution This fully automatic (security) Switching system capable of detecting up to 120 degree coverage area. If any body enters in the covered area the system became on. During the day the built - in photocell saves electricity by deactivating the Load. An adjustable timer lets you selects how long the floodlight stays on and the sensitivity adjustment allows you adjust the detection distance from 3m to 12m. So you can save a lots of elctricity by using this unit. Product Features : The product is an energy - saving automatic switch adopting System. During day time the inbuilt photocell saves electricity by de-activating the floodlight. An adjustable timer (5 Sec to 12 Minutes) lets you select how long the switch stays on. The sensitivity adjustment allows you to adjust the detection distance from 2m to 12m. Flood Light can be ON when body detectes it and will be OFF automatically after body leaves. PIRSensor working Principle:

Passive infrared (PIR) sensors react to the infrared heat energy emitted by people. PIR sensors are passive devices in that they only detect radiation; they do not emit it. They are designed to be maximally sensitive to objects that emit heat energy at a wavelength of around 10 microns Applications The most frequent use of the PIR sensor is as an 'area' sensor. :