Potentials, Applications & Challenges Challenges of Geothermal in Indonesia
Potentials, Applications & Challenges Challenges of Geothermal in Indonesia
Potentials, Applications & Challenges Challenges of Geothermal in Indonesia
by: y
timbul h silitonga h.
[email protected]
WHAT IS GEOTHERMAL ?
300
DIENG
Surface A
BA C
BPoint Curve
STEAM Steam
B
100 200 T (oC) 300
D
PAVOUR SYSTEM
KAMOJANG
Reservoir dominasi airpanas ( T 260 280 C ) Reservoir 2-phasa ( ap Reser oir 2 phasa (uap + airpanas) ( T 220 260 C) Reservoir dominasi uap ( T 200 240 C )
ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY
WELLS RESERVOIR
Source : GEOTHERMAL EDUCATION OFFICE
HEAT SOURCE
GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALS
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
Eksploration 2 tahun Development 2-3 tahun Commenrcial 25-30 tahun
1 2
3 4 5
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
6 7
14 15
10 11 8 9
Production Facilities 9%
Feasibility Study 0%
Exploration Drilling 6%
(4 sumur eksplorsi))
Plant Capacity
OWN OPERATION Kamojang Unit-1 (30 MW), steam sales to IP Unit 2 Unit-2 (55 MW), steam sales to IP Unit-3 (55 MW), steam sales to IP Unit-4 (60 MW), steam sales to PLN Sibayak ex Dieng, Monoblok 2MW ex-Dieng, electrical sales to PLN Unit-1&2 (2x5 MW), electrical sales to Dizamatra Lahendong Unit-1,2,3 (3x20 MW), steam sales to PLN KOB Chevron Darajat Unit-1 (55 MW), steam sales to PLN Unit 2 Unit-2 (70 MW), electrical sales to PLN Unit-3 (110 MW), electrical sales to PLN Chevron Gunung Salak Unit-1,2,3 (3x50 MW), steam sales to IP Unit 4,5,6 Unit-4,5,6 (3x50 MW), electrical sales to PLN Star Energi Wayang Windu Uniit 1,2 (2 x 110 MW), electrical sales to PLN PT GEODIPA ENERGI, JV (PT PERTAMINA dan PT PLN) , ( ) Dieng Unit-1 (50 MW), electrical sales to PLN
2000
1500
MW
PGE
1194 MW
TOTAL
1000
22.78%
500
272 MW
YEAR
REGULATION
BUSINESS
S T E A M
PLN
CONSUMERS
OTHER COMPANY
CONSUMERS
Develop and Operate Steam Field and St Fi ld d Power Plant PERTAMINA OWN OR WITH ITS CONTRACTOR
E L E C T R I C
PLN
CONSUMERS
OTHER COMPANY
CONSUMERS
STEAM FIELD
Developed and Operated by PGE (others)
POWER PLANT
Developed and Operated by PLN (others)
ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION
TYPE 2
SELLING POINT
STEAM FIELD
POWER PLANT
ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION
Developed and Operated by PLN (others) ( )
TYPE 3
SELLING POINT SELLING POINT
STEAM FIELD
Developed and Operated by PGE
POWER PLANT
Developed and Operated by other p y company
ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION
Developed and Operated by PLN
GEOTHERMAL AS A RENEWABLE ENERGY AND DIVERSIFICATION ENERGY FOR FOSIL ENERGY SUBSTITUTION
ECONOMIC
SUBSITITUTION PRICE
TECHNOLOGY
TREND OF PRICING DEPENDENCY RELATED TO INCREASING OIL AND GAS INTERNATIONAL MARKET (UNCERTAINTY) THE INCREMENTAL OIL AND GAS INTERNATIONAL MARKET WHICH IS TRIGERRED TECHNOLOGY IN COAL/BIOFUEL PROCESSING
ENVIRONMENTAL
INTERNALIZED ENVIROMENTAL COST RELATED TO GAS EMMISION
Remarks In case of IRR=18% Oil 50$/BBL, Coal : 35 US $ /ton, /t LNG 8.6U$/MMBTU from table below ditto ditto
8.7 87 0.0
Total
(/kWh)
8.7
Geothermal
11.5
Hydro
9.1
Coal 10.39 4.31 975
14.6
Natural Gas 0.22 2.96 519
26.7
Oil (Diesel) 12.00 4.00 742 Price of Emission @ 700$/ton (*4) @ 2,500$/ton (*4) @ 10$/ton
Emission of Pollutants Sulfur dioxide Nitrogen oxide Carbon dioxide (lb/MWh) (*1) (lb/MWh) (*2) (kg/MWh) (*3)
0.35 0.00 15
0.00 0.00 11
*2 A Guide to Geothermal and the Environmental: Geothermal Energy Association USA (2005) See Fig.1.7) *3 Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Japan CRIEPI Review No. 45,2001 Nov) (See Fig 1.8) *4 US Emission Market 2006, April
( (Source) ) *1 A Guide to Geothermal and the Environmental: Geothermal Energy Association USA (2005) See Fig.1.6)
ENERGY REFORMATION
Decreasing of Oil and gas Resources Dependency of consumption Coordination Consumption crude Controling oil for of energy Energy
Broker Action
Export Import Transportation /Tanker Insurance
Price Diparsity
Sensitive Smuggling
Surrounding
Utilizing
Partisipation
Togetherness/ Justice
KEN (PP No. 3/2005; PP No. 5/2006) : UTILIZING OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ~ 5 % ENERGY MIX ON 2025
Geothermal, water, solar & wind Clean Energy Environment (renewable energy)
geothermal
RENEWABLE Vs UNRENEWABLE
ELECTRICITY
DIRECT USE
INFRA-STRUCTURE
THANK YOU