The Rights and Virtues of Women in Islam by Shaikh Mohammad Iqbal
The Rights and Virtues of Women in Islam by Shaikh Mohammad Iqbal
The Rights and Virtues of Women in Islam by Shaikh Mohammad Iqbal
Translated by: Aftab Ahmad About the Author The Aims of Marriage Tolerance enjoined on men The Virtues of Muslim Women The Rights of Women Advice for the Husband Women's Rights are duties of men Wife's freedom Guidelines for men Duty to compensate the wife Discarding incorrect strategies
Acknowledgements:
Download entire book fully searchable About the Author In the name of Allah, The Compassionate, The Merciful About the Author The author, Shaikh Muhammad Iqbal, started his educational career at Nadvatul Ulema under the supervision of the learned Shaikh Abul Hassan Ali Nadvi. He then benefited for a long period of time from the training and company of the Late Shaikhul Hadith M. Zakariya Kandhalvi, who along with Shaikh Abul Hassan Ali Nadvi conferred deputy ship to the author in the line of Tariqet. The respected Shaikul Hadith entrusted the author to write numerous works on current issues. The present book was written during the author's visit to Canada from Madina Munawarra in 1986. THE AIMS OF MARRIAGE The concept of marriage, from the Islamic perspective, is not that it is solely a need without whose fulfillment the enjoyment of life cannot be attained. On the contrary, Islam has explained the spiritual dimension of this union by defining it a form of worship by which one may achieve nearness to Allah. (Allah is an Arabic word for Almighty God , Name of Creator of Universes According to a hadith: (saying or actions of Our Holy Prophet)
"When the servant of Allah marries he has fulfilled half the (responsibilities laid on him by the) faith" (Mishkat) The final Prophet of Allah, Muhammad (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) demonstrated the perfect example of this form of worship. In his practice one sees an attitude of such great respect and consideration for the delicate feelings of women that it remains unparalleled by any champion of women's rights. His efforts to comfort and please his pious wives; his sharing in their innocent leisure activities; his regard for their emotions; and his fair treatment of them is unique in history. "Allah, Most High, has says in Holy Qur'an Among His signs is [the fact] that He has created spouses for you among yourselves so that you may dwell in tranquility with them, and He has planted love and mercy between you. In that are signs for people who reflect [Quran 30.21] In this verse, Allah has described the creation of women as a token of His Wisdom and Power. As a favor to men, He has revealed that women were created for their benefit, namely peace and comfort. The fruitful end result of all the needs of men associated with women is tranquility, peace and comfort. Therefore the outcome of all conjugal affairs should be peace and comfort. The families which have achieved this treasure are in harmony with the purpose of their creation, whereas homes which lack inner peace, despite possessing the material means for outward comfort, are absolute failures in realizing the real aims of marriage. The object of marriage outlined above can only be achieved if the husband and wife recognize and fulfill their mutual rights. Otherwise quarrels evolve and destroy domestic peace. The nature of husband-wife transactions is such that no man-made law can enforce the complete fulfillment of rights, nor can courts of law do full justice in these matters. The fear of Allah and of being held responsible on the Day of Judgment are the only successful motivators that can ensure the discharging of rights. Allah, Most Merciful, has blessed us with another favour, that the matter of mutual rights has not been left dependent solely upon Islamic law and the courts. He has made the desire for discharging these rights intrinsic in human nature by infusing mutual love and compassion in the hearts of spouses. Allah, Most Exalted, has said: He has planted affection and mercy between you. (Quran 30:12) This special quality enables the couple to care for each other beyond the stipulated minimum.
Women have the same [rights in relation to their husbands] as are expected in all decency from them; while men have a degree over them. Allah is Powerful, Wise." [Quran 2:228] In this verse, Allah , Most Merciful, has alluded to the rights of women before referring to the rights of men. A point of expediency in this sequence is that men invariably secure their rights by sheer strength but women are usually unable to secure their rights by force, therefore the need for safeguarding their rights is more serious. [Tafseer Maarif al Quran]. Another textual indication in this sequence is that men should take the initiative in fulfilling the rights of women. The seniority of men referred to in the Quranic verse neither implies greater rights of men nor suggests any excellence in terms of the life hereafter. The following Quranic revelation conveys this reassurance: Verily men who submit [to Allah] and women who submit, and men who believe and women who believe, and men who are obedient and women who are obedient, and men who speak the truth and women who speak the truth, and men who are patient and women wo are patient and men who are humble and women who are humble, and men who give alms and women who give alms, and men who fast and women who fast, and men who guard their modesty and women who guard (their modesty), and men who remember Allah much and women who remember, Allah has prepared for them forgiveness and a vast reward. (Quran 33:35). In fact there are many subtleties in this Divine statement. As explained by Abduliah bin Abbas (radhialiaho anho), a companion of the Prophet (Sallallaho alaihi wasallam), expalains that " It simply suggests that men should have greater forbearance towards women. The implication is that should women be remiss in discharging the rights of men, it is expected that they would tolerate such lapses but not fall short themselves in fulfilling the rights of women."
We have observed the spiritual elders exercising such magnanimity. Other beneficial purposes and points of wisdom about this issue can be found in the various interpretations of the Quran. The gist of those explanations is that this degree of seniority is also for the benefit of women. The Holy Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam), a blessing for all the worlds, was especially compassionate and lenient towards women and exalted their status. He had a deep concern about protecting them from all kinds of loss and discomfort, and he equated the reward of their routine activities with the rewards which men earn only after making tremendous sacrifice and effort. While Allah, Most High, in His wisdom has made women physically delicate, at the same time He has thrust the load of the hard struggles and burdens of their lives upon men. Thus men have been charged with the responsibility of maintaining women and being lenient, compassionate and forgiving. They have also been strictly forbidden from dealing harshly with women. Following are the sayings of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) concerning these concessions, virtues and the status of women.
Kindness to the wife, an aspect of faith A'isha, (radhialiaho anha) reported Allah's messenger as saying, "Among the believers who show most perfect faith are those who have the best disposition, and are kindest to their families." (Tirmidhi) Note: A'isha (radial ho anha), the Holy Prophet's wife, is one of the most famous women in Islamic history. She was gifted with an outstanding intelligence and memory and is considered to be one of the most reliable narrators of ahadith
"If it were not because Allah repels some men by means of others, cloisters, churches, synagogues and mosques where Allah's name is mentioned frequently would have been demolished" (Quran 22:40). "Why should you not fight for Allah's sake and of the oppressed men and of the women and the children who are crying: Our Lord! Lead us out of this town whose people are oppressors! Grant us a patron from Your Presence and grant us a defender from Your Presence" (Quran 4:75). Efforts to restrain the nafs (the vain desires of the lower soul) has been called the greatest Jihad. The Holy Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) explained this mode of striving when returning from an expedition: "We are returning from the lesser Jihad (against our outward enemies), to the greater Jihad (against the nafs -the vain desires of the lower soul))" Just as the foremost role of man within the context of his family is that of a provider, that of a woman in normal circumstances is the nurturing and management of domestic affairs. Despite this division of responsibilities being consistent with nature and optimal for maintaining the structure of a harmonious and organised society, Allah in His infinite mercy has blessed men and women with rewards for carrying out their respective primary roles. Although this exceedingly great reward is a tremendous favour, the wife is at liberty to forego it and is fully entitled to ask the husband to arrange for domestic help. The wife's maintenance is not in lieu of any household services. Thus according to Shariah, housework or attending on the husband and children cannot be imposed on the wife as her religious obligation. On the other hand, remedial disciplinary recourse exists within the legal framework of Islam against husbands who deliberately abandon their primary responsibilities to the detriment of their wives.
obeys her husband, she may enter by any of the gates of paradise she wishes (in other words nothing will prevent her from entering paradise)." (Mishtat) Thus if women are mindful of the compulsory injunctions of religion, there is no need for them to toil hard in performing strenuous acts of worship. By doing just the above they merit the same lofty ranks as awarded to men who perform demanding forms of worship. This is indeed one of the innumerable favours of Allah.
pains she suffered. When she delivers, not mouthful of milk flows from her and not an instance of the child's suck, but that she receives for every suck and mouthful, the reward of a good deed. If she is kept awake by her child during the night she receives the reward of freeing seventy slaves for the sake of Allah." The Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) then said: "O Sallamah do you know which women are being referred to? Those who despite piety and enjoying a respectable position obey their husbands and do not belittle them." (Al-Tabarani)
The Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) has said: "Waging Jihad is not obligatory for women (as long as it remains Fard-e-Kifaya), nor is attending (congregational) prayers on Fridays and accompanying funerals." (Kanz) Imagine the great reward that women earn within their homes!
The Holy Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) has said: "The vice of an immoral woman is equal to the vice of a thousand immoral men while the virtue of a pious woman is equal to the reward of worship of seventy saints." (Kanz) What a great reward for a virtuous deed of a woman. It is indeed a great favour and a source of felicity for women.
with you, never say to them 'Shame!' nor scold either of them. Speak to them in a respectable fashion and lower unto them the wing of submission through mercy, and say: My Lord! Have mercy on them both as they did care for me when I was little. (Quran 17:23,24) Worship none save Allah (only) and be good to parents and also near relatives, orphans and the needy. (Quran 2:83) A few sayings of the Holy Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) are also cited which enjoin kindness towards the mother: Jahmah (radhiallaho anho) said to the Holy Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam), "O Messenger of Allah, I desire to go on a (military) expedition and I have come to consult you." He asked him if he had a mother, and when he replied that he had, he said: "Stay with her because Paradise lies beneath her feet." (An-Nasai) A man asked the Holy Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) to whom he should show kindness and he replied: "Your mother" He asked who comes next and he replied, "Your mother." He asked who comes next and he replied, "Your mother." He asked who comes next and he replied, "Your father, then your relatives in order of relationship." (Tirmizi, Abu Da'ud) According to the learned scholars of Islam the reason for giving preference to the mother is on account of her exceptional efforts such as the difficulties of pregnancy, delivery and nurturing. Therefore she alone is blessed to deserve recompense for this in the hereafter as well as greater honour in this life. Narrated Anas (radhiallaho anho): A man came to the messenger of Allah (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) and said: I longed to go on Jihad but I was not able to. He said: Is either one of your parents still alive? The man said: My mother. He said: Allah has instructed us in devotion to her, so if you do thus, you are as one who has made the Hajj, the umrah and participated in jihad." (At-Tabarani) Narrated Ibn 'Abbas (radhiallaho anho): Do not leave your mother unless she gives permission or death takes her, because that is the greatest (deed) for your rewards." (Al-Kabir): "Narrated Abdullah Ibn Amr Ibn Al-As (radhiallaho anho) about the Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) that he said: The major sins are associating anything with Allah, and rudeness to parents, and killing anyone and swearing a false oath purposefully." (Bukhari) Narrated Abu Isa Al-Mughirah (radhiallaho anho) that the Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) said: Verily, Allah forbade for you, rudeness to mothers." (Muslim) It is to be noted that the Muslim women enjoy special privileges not only as mothers and wives but also as daughters
The Holy Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) said: "Whoever brings up two girls until they attain adulthood, he will be with me on the Day of Judgement, and so close to me as these two (adjacent) fingers of mine (and he pointed to his two fingers joined together). (Muslim) Narrated Ibn Abbas (radhiallaho anho): There is no Muslim, whose two daughters reach the age (of adulthood), and he is good to them as a companion, and they do not cause him to enter Paradise." (Bukhari)]
one of her characteristics he will be pleased with another (of her good qualities)." (Mishtat) Men should forbear any shortcomings of women in view of this teaching and the following Quranic injunction: Live with them in kindness; even if you dislike them, perhaps you dislike something in which Allah has placed much good. (Quran 4:19)
During the farewell Pilgrimage the Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) said to the camel driver: "Anjasha, drive slowly; for you are carrying (on the camels, women, delicate like fine) glassware." (Muslim) `Narrated Abu Qatadah (radhiallaho anho): The Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) said: When I stand for prayer, I intend to prolong it, but on hearing the cries of a child, I cut it short, as I dislike to trouble the child's mother." (Bukhari)
Wife's freedom
May thousands of blessings be upon the Holy Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam), a mercy for the worlds, and blessings also upon the true religion of Allah revealed to him. Islam has brought the world out of darkness by establishing the criterion of right and wrong and has taught respect for others. It has established justice and enjoined the rights of women and
men as being duties to be performed by each. Islam has bestowed freedom and independence upon women and has also conferred upon them full ownership and authority over their lives and property, like it has upon men. No one, be he a father a grandfather can oblige a woman to marry someone against her wishes. Should she be married without her consent, the validity of such a contract becomes solely dependent upon her whole hearted acceptance, failing which it is annulled. It is the wife's right to be provided with a suitable residence which allows her comfort and privacy. To ensure the wife's independence, the Islamic Law (Shariah) has given her the exclusive right over her home, in that none of the husband's dependants or relatives may live in the same dwelling without her willingness and consent. Providing a separate dwelling may become mandatory even if the in-laws insist on living together. However if the parents are crippled, they may be included in the family (Durr-i Mukhtar). Another consideration from the requirements for suitable residence is that the neighbourhood should be of virtuous people amidst whom the wife does not experience fear or loneliness House women wherever you reside, according to your circumstances, and do not harass them in order to make life difficult for them. (Quran 65:6) Kind and friendly treatment towards the wife's relatives is expected of the husband, so much so that her senior blood relations should also be regarded as his elders. If the wife's parents are ill or incapacitated with no one to serve them, the wife has the right to look after them as often as required even if they are disbelievers. The husband has no right to prevent her from doing so. Asma (radhiallaho anha) said, "My mother who was a pagan, came with her father during the period of the peace pact between the Muslims and the Quraish infidels. I went to seek the advice of the Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) saying, My mother has arrived and she is hoping (for my favour)." The Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) said, "Yes, be good to your mother." (Good treatment implies good behaviour; helping her financially; visiting her etc.) (Bukhari) Islam has granted both married and single women the incontestable right to retain any wealth or properties in their own names, and they have the unequivocal authority to independently carry out any transactions of acquisitions and sales concerning such holdings. Thus no male has the authority to spend from the wealth and property of a female without her permission. Women remain fully independent and cannot be coerced in any way. Even in the event of divorce or their husband's death, women get their share of inheritance as stipulated by Islamic Law in the same way as men get their share. However, unlike men, women are not responsible for maintaining any relative, irrespective of their sound financial standing. The husband is not at liberty to help his relatives at the detriment of his own family. Narrated Abu Huraira (radhiallaho anho): Allah's Apostle (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) said, "The best alms is that which you give when you are rich, and you should support your dependants first." (Bukhari)
Abu Huraira (radhiallaho anho) reported Allah's Messenger (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) as saying: Of the dinar (money) that you spend as a contribution in Allah's path, or to set free a slave, or as charity given to a needy, or to support your family, the one yielding the greatest reward is that which you spent on your family. (Muslim) If the husband does not provide for his family, the wife can take of his wealth what is sufficient for her needs and the needs of her children, in a reasonable way. The Islamic Law revealed to the Prophet, upon whom be thousands of blessings, teaches that pleasing women and spending for their welfare is a form of worship. Should the husband fail to grant her essential rights, she has the recourse of Islamic Law to secure the same or else compel him to divorcee her. (The vast rights of women in matters of divorce, alimony, child custody, etc., may be seen in books of Islamic Jurisprudence) To prevent injustice and distress, it is in-sufficient to fulfil rights that merely satisfy the letter of the Law. The underlying spirit of the Law is equally important. Therefore, according to Islam the social norms are an additional criterion to determine if the parties are suffering injustice. Hence Islam forbids those attitudes and dealings which inflict injury or annoyance according to the established norms of society. For example, ignoring someone in a given society might be more painful than in another society. These matters cannot be dealt with in courts of Law, therefore they are encompassed by this provision of "social norms." Common usage is (binding like) a condition Removing ladies from the guardianship of men leads to chaos and is in itself a form of encroaching upon women's rights. Just as Islam has checked the cruelty and injustice of violating the rights of women, likewise it upholds that burdening them to fend for themselves and their withdrawal from the leadership of men is an infringement of their rights. Neither can the woman's delicate constitution endure this hardship nor can her management of domestic affairs and her honourable natural function of nurturing her children bear this distraction. Therefore, along with mentioning women's rights, the Quran declares that men are a degree above women, which simply alludes to their obligation of being responsible for women, as explained earlier. There are dire warning for any negligence on the part of men in fulfilling this ordained duty. Allah has warned: You who believe, shield yourselves and your families from a fire whose fuel will be men and stones. . . " (Quran 66:6) In preceding verses, the Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) was enjoined to urge his wives to do good. The above verse emphasises this as a duty for all Muslims. Men have been exhorted not to be heedless about shaping the character of their family. When this ordinance was revealed, Umar (radhiallaho anho) mentioned, "O Messenger of Allah ! It is understandable to worry about saving oneself from Hell-fire (by avoiding sins and adhering firmly to the Divine Commandments), but how can we save our families from Hell?" Allah's Prophet responded: "This can be achieved by dissuading your family from whatever Allah has forbidden you and by enjoining the deeds which Allah has enjoined on you. Your family can thus be saved from Hell." The Muslim jurists have explained that it is obligatory to arrange for the religious education and training of the wife and children. Men whose families are ignorant of religion will suffer
the most severe punishment in the Hereafter. The following forewarning is included for those who believe in Allah as their Lord on Whom we are totally dependent, and who also believe in the compassion of His Prophet Muhammad (sallallaho alaihi wasallam). Beware, each of you is a guardian and each of you will be questioned about your wards. The man is the guardian of his family and will be answerable about every member of it. . . (Mishkat) According to another hadith: The one to whom Allah entrusted the responsibility of supervision but he did not perform this duty satisfactorily, and did not impart good instructions; will not even smell the fragrance of Paradise. (Mishkat)
Islam is a natural religion formulated by our Creator Who is fully knowledgeable about the ways that are compatible and beneficial for us. Allah says in the Holy Quran: Should He not know what He created? He is the Gracious, the Informed! (Quran 67:14) Hence there must be inherent goodness in each Islamic teaching. But it should be understood that Divine injunctions are interrelated. The various aspects of religion are interconnected, say, like the components of a machine. If an important component is removed it will fail to perform any useful purpose, or at least its benefit will be partial. Similarly, besides having worldly ramifications, our deeds are also related to beliefs whose outcome will manifest in the life hereafter. Therefore the complete benefit of such teachings result when the religion is practised as a whole. Mutual rights can be satisfactorily fulfilled only upon adhering to the entire religion. Only then will the blessings and benefits be fully obtained. The following can help in realising this aim: 1.To acquire and correct one's beliefs. In other words, one must believe in the articles of faith and associated matters. 2.To practice the fundamentals of Islam and the good deeds taught in religion. 3.Adopt the means of achieving a firm and intimate connection with Allah . This gives rise to sincerity, conviction and certainty (yaqin), and in turn facilitates the performance of good deeds and enhances their value and reality.
Should his good deeds be insufficient for full compensation, the burden of the bad deeds which the oppressed might have performed will be thrust upon the account of the oppressor. It is narrated in the sayings of the Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) that the real pauper is the one who, despite having performed an abundance of good deeds, will be impoverished by his reward being snatched away due to his violation of the rights of others. This is a point of grave concern and fear. May Allah help us in overcoming the evil incitements of our lower soul. Immediate repentance must be made, should one under the impulse of anger, ignorance or negligence become guilty of violating the physical, psychological or monetary rights of others. The offender must also have feelings of intense remorse, heartfelt shame, and make earnest supplication with humility, pledging that the blunder will not be repeated.
An eye opener
Our supreme benefactor, the beloved of Allah, is our dear Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam), for whose sake the entire Universe was created, and in whose honour Allah has said: Lo!Thou art of a tremendous nature. (Quran 68:4) Furthermore, his companions were so sacrificing that they were willing to lay down their lives if it would remove the slightest discomfort of their beloved Prophet. Regardless of all this he was so cautious about the rights of others that despite the distress of his fatal illness, he went to the mosque where the following conversation took place.
Fazl (radhiallaho anho) reported: "I found the Holy Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) suffering from fever, his head bandaged, he said: "Hold my hand." I took his hand and helped him to the pulpit of his mosque. Upon his instructions I made an announcement and summoned the people. After praising Allah, the Holy Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) said: "The time of my parting with you is approaching, so if I have caused any injury to the skin of anyone, here is my back; he can take recompense. If there is anyone whose honour I have damaged; let him damage mine. If I owe aught to anyone, here is my property; the claimant may take it. None should say, I fear enmity and grudge of the Apostle of Allah. Harbouring rancour is neither my nature nor is it befitting for me. Know that among you, the most faithful to me is the one who has such a claim against me and then he either secures his rights or absolves me, so that I can meet my Lord cheerfully after I have been absolved. I consider it insufficient to announce this only once; I will repeat it again. "Having said this he climbed down from the pulpit. After performing Zuhr prayer, he went to the pulpit and repeated the announcement. He reiterated his previous reassurance for people not to worry about any ill will towards any claimant. He also advised that anyone who owes any right should fulfil it without the fear of being disgraced, because the shame suffered in this world is insignificant compared to the humiliation of the Hereafter. A man stood up and said; "You owe me 3 dirhams. "The Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) said: "I neither accuse anyone of falsehood nor ask (the claimant) to make his claim under oath, but I wish to be reminded about the nature of this debt. " The man replied. "A beggar once came to you and you instructed me to give him 3 dirhams." Upon hearing this the Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) instructed Fazl (radhiallaho anho) to give 3 dirhams to the claimant. Thereafter various people asked the Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) for his prayers and narrated their lapses to him. Umar (radhiallaho anho) objected about these people making their sins public. The Holy Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) instructed him to observe silence and said; "The disgrace in this world is very light compared to the ignominy of the Hereafter. " During this episode, Umar (radhiallaho anho) said something else to the audience, at which the Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) remarked; "Umar is with me and I am with Umar. After me the truth will be with Umar whatever he does." After this the Prophet (sallallaho alaihi wasallam) went to the residence of his wife A'isha (radhiallaho anha) and made a similar announcement in the assembly of women. (Shamail Tirmidhi & Khasa'il-e-nabwi)
only one of the partners follow this advice it will be beneficial at least in terms of the life to come. Allah willing, that person will experience special peace and protection from hardships and loss in an inconceivable manner. We believe that Allah's Judgment will surely come to pass. He has assured: "....Allah will grant a way out for anyone who heeds Him, and provide for him in a manner he could never anticipate. Allah suffices for anyone who relies on Him. . . " (Quran 65:23) The fruits of fulfilling the rights of Allah and His creation will then become evident. Our Creator has said: We shall let anyone who acts honourably, whether it is a man or woman, provided he is a believer, live a happy life and reward them with their earnings for the finest deeds they have been doing. (Quran 16:97) The interpreters of the Holy Quran, such as Abdullah bin Abbas (radhiallaho anho), have explained that the life indicated in the above verse refers to the life in this world. Peace and tranquillity is implied by "happy life." Only those can attain it, who are reconciled with whatever Allah has decreed, and are free of greed. It is obvious that such blissful life is granted only to those who have submitted to the true religion of Allah. Those who are rebellious to their Creator cannot be blessed with this boon. On the contrary, despite possessing innumerable means of outward comfort, their lives are miserable. Greed gives rise to such discontentment that these people remain worried about amassing wealth. Should something happen contrary to their plans, their state of shock, triggered by not reconciling with the Divine Decree, may even lead to suicide. This subject has been referred to as follows: Anyone who fails to remember Me will have a meager living, and We shall summon him as a blind person on the Day of Resurrection. (Quran 20 :124) Thus it is necessary to learn the mandatory aspects of Islamic teachings from someone who practices what he teaches. By practising the teachings detailed in authentic religious books one can embark upon the route to peace and tranquillity in this life and the eternal life of the hereafter. May Allah bless us with correct understanding and help us perform good deeds
Acknowledgements:
The Rights of Women Translated by: Aftab Ahmad We would like to express our appreciation to Shaikh M. Mazhar Alam for his help with the hadith work. Also, appreciation is gratefully given to Mr. Khurshid Ahmad, A.Saeed and Khalid Dow for their professional help. We would also like to thank the following for their comments and proof-reading the translation: Abdul Haq and Nisa Rochelle, Abdul Wadud and A'isha Petrus, Aziz al-Ahsan, Hamid Khan, Dr. Ibrahim Krepps, Dr. S. Waziruddin. We finally thank Abderahman Ahmed, Muhammad and Shaikh Mansoor Memon for proofreading the Arabic text.Aftab Ahmad
As-Sidq (The Truth) Montreal Canada, a Non-Profit Organization, Serving Islam http://www.as-sidq.org Return to main page THE AIMS OF MARRIAGE Tolerance enjoined on men The Virtues of Muslim Women