Reg. No.

Question Paper Code : 53031

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2010 Fourth Semester Automobile Engineering

AT 2251 APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT TRANSFER (Regulation 2008) Time : Three hours

Any missing data can be suitably assumed Use of standard charts and tables are allowed Answer ALL questions

1. 2.

What is meant by thermal contact resistance?

In an Otto cycle the initial volume of 50 cc of air and petrol mixture is compressed to 10 cc isentropically with index of compression as 1.4. Calculate the thermal efficiency of the cycle. What is meant by spectral directional emissivity? Define COP. for a refrigerator and a heat pump. Why is multistage compression preferred?

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

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5
Define radiosity.

Explain the significance of Biot and Fourier numbers. What are the advantages and disadvantages of forced convection?

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PART A (10 2 = 20 Marks)

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Maximum : 100 Marks

9.

Is it always possible to add a regenerator to the Brayton cycle? What happens when the pressure ratio is increased? State the relation to find the boundary layer thickness over a flat plate. PART B (5 16 = 80 Marks)

10.

11.

(a)

(i)

Pressure and temperature of air at the entry to an Otto cycle are 1.0 bar and 300 K respectively. The compression ratio is 7.5. If the temperature of air after expansion is 550 K, calculate the thermal efficiency, the maximum pressure, the maximum temperature and the mean effective pressure of the cycle. (10) Discuss the deviations spark-ignition engine. Or from the air-standard cycle in a (6)

(ii)

(b)

(i)

(ii)

What are the methods used to increase the efficiency of Joule cycle? (4) A single cylinder double acting reciprocating compressor compresses 5 kg/min of air from 1 bar and 298 K. The maximum pressure at the end of compression is 10 bar. Calculate input power, volumetric efficiency and cylinder dimensions when the compressor runs at 600 rpm. Take compression index as 1.3 and L/D ratio as 1.5. (10) Discuss on the properties of common refrigerants. Or (6)

12.

(a)

(i)

(ii)

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(ii)

(b)

(i)

Find COP and power required to operate the compressor for 1 ton refrigeration system working on simple cycle, if it works with R12 and NH 3 between temperature limits of 268 K and 323 K. Also find work of compression for all these refrigerants and the capacity of motor for all the cases if the mech of compressor is 85%. (10) With a neat sketch, explain the working of rotary vane compressor. (6) 2

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Consider an ideal gas-turbine cycle with two stages of compression and two stages of expansion. The pressure ratio across each compressor stage and each turbine stage is 8 to 1. The pressure at the entrance to the first compressor is 100 kpa, the temperature entering each compressor is 20C, and the temperature entering each turbine is 1100C. An ideal regenerator is also incorporated into the cycle. Determine the compressor work, the turbine work, and the thermal efficiency of the cycle. (12)

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53031

13.

(a)

(i)

(ii)

A brick column with cross-section 20 cm by 10 cm is initially at a uniform temperature of 225C. Suddenly the surfaces are subjected to convective cooling with heat transfer coefficient 60 W m 2 K into an ambient at 25C. Calculate the centre temperature time = 1 hr after the start of cooling. (Take k = 0.7 W m K and

= 0.5 10 6 m 2 s ).
Or (b) (i)

(ii)

A 10 mm diameter sphere made of Tungsten steel ( = 7897 kg m 3 , C = 0.452 kJ/kg K, = 2.026 10 5 m 2 s and k = 73 W/m K) is initially at a temperature of 300C. It is suddenly exposed to a stream of air at a temperature of 30 C. The surface convective heat transfer coefficient is 100 W m 2 K. Find the time required for the sphere to reach a temperature of 100C. Also calculate the instantaneous heat transfer rate after one minute from the starting time of the cooling process and the total heat transferred from the sphere in one minute. (8) Find the surface temperature of 4 m square insulated on one side with the other side radiation flux of 800 W m 2 . The exposed absorptivity and the incoming radiation is lost the ambient air at 30C. vertical metal plate exposed to a solar surface has 100% by free convection to (10)

14.

(a)

(i)

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(ii)

Determine the heat transfer rate per unit width of a plate needed to maintain it at a surface temperature of 30C when air at a pressure 0.06 bar and a temperature of 300C flows with a velocity of 10 m/s over a flat plate of 1 m long. (6) Or

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3

A mercury thermometer is placed in an oil well to measure the temperature of air flowing in a pipe. The wall material is having thermal conductivity 60 W/m K, length 15 cm and thickness 1 mm. The heat transfer coefficient between air and well wall is 25 W m 2 K. The temperature reading in the thermometer is 100C and pipe wall temperature is 50C. Calculate the temperature of the air and % of error. (8)

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(8)

A furnace wall slab is constructed with 90 mm fire clay inside and 450 mm red brick outside. The temperatures inside and outside the furnace wall are 1100C and 30C respectively. The thermal conductivity of the red brick is 0.8 W/m K and that of the fire clay is 0.3 (1 + 0.001 T) W/m K where T is the temperature of the clay in C. Assuming unit surface area, find the conductive heat loss through the furnace wall and the temperature at the interface of the fire clay and red brick. (8)

53031

(b)

(i)

(ii)

Water flows in a tube of 5 cm diameter at a velocity of 10 m/s. The inlet and outlet temperatures of water are 20C and 60C respectively. If the tube wall is maintained at 80C, calculate the heat transfer coefficient, rate of heat transfer and length of the tube. (8)

15.

(a)

(i)

A spherical tank with radius 30 cm fitted with a fluid at temperature 100 K is placed inside a spherical container of radius 50 cm and is maintained at temperature 300 K. The emissivities of the inner and outer tanks are 0.15 and 0.25 respectively. A spherical shield of radius 40 cm and having an emissivity 0.04 on both sides is placed between the spheres. Determine the rate of heat loss without and with shield. (8)

(ii)

(b)

(i)

A furnace of total surface area 25 m 2 and volume 10 m 3 is kept at a constant temperature 525 K. The furnace contains 20% of CO 2 and 10% of water vapour by volume. The gas temperature is 1250 K and total pressure is 2 atm, determine the heat exchange from the gases to the furnace wall and radiation heat transfer coefficient. (10)

(ii)

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Find the reduction in radiation heat transfer between the parallel plates when three and two shields are placed in between them with the assumption that all emissivities are equal. (6)

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Or 4

A room 2 m length, 1.5 m wide and 3m height is heated by the ceiling by maintaining it at a temperature 500 K. If the side walls and floor are maintained at 300 K, calculate the rate of heat transfer from the ceiling to floor and side walls when the emissivity of all surfaces is 0.6. (8)

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53031

A hot metal cylinder of diameter 0.5 m rejects heat while machining at a speed of 300 rpm in air. The metal and air temperatures are 65C and 15C respectively. Find the rate of heat loss. (8)