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    Reasons of Failures of Cvts

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    Lalit Kumar Jain
    The document discusses reasons for failures of capacitor voltage transformers (CVTs), approaches taken to refurbish old CVTs, and a condition monitoring program to identify defective CVTs. Over 900 old CVTs were refurbished on site by replacing components like bellows, damping resistors, and oil. Refurbishment work took 2 years and reduced failure rates for 3 years, but some CVTs still failed. A joint investigation with manufacturers identified design and manufacturing improvements. CVTs were fully refurbished at manufacturers' works, and about 100 have been successfully refurbished so far with satisfactory performance. Condition monitoring of capacitance, loss angle, and secondary voltages helps identify defective CVTs for timely preventive

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    Reasons of Failures of Cvts

    Uploaded by

    Lalit Kumar Jain
    301 views5 pages
    The document discusses reasons for failures of capacitor voltage transformers (CVTs), approaches taken to refurbish old CVTs, and a condition monitoring program to identify defective CVTs. Over 900 old CVTs were refurbished on site by replacing components like bellows, damping resistors, and oil. Refurbishment work took 2 years and reduced failure rates for 3 years, but some CVTs still failed. A joint investigation with manufacturers identified design and manufacturing improvements. CVTs were fully refurbished at manufacturers' works, and about 100 have been successfully refurbished so far with satisfactory performance. Condition monitoring of capacitance, loss angle, and secondary voltages helps identify defective CVTs for timely preventive

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    The document discusses reasons for failures of capacitor voltage transformers (CVTs), approaches taken to refurbish old CVTs, and a condition monitoring program to identify defective CVTs. Over 900 old CVTs were refurbished on site by replacing components like bellows, damping resistors, and oil. Refurbishment work took 2 years and reduced failure rates for 3 years, but some CVTs still failed. A joint investigation with manufacturers identified design and manufacturing improvements. CVTs were fully refurbished at manufacturers' works, and about 100 have been successfully refurbished so far with satisfactory performance. Condition monitoring of capacitance, loss angle, and secondary voltages helps identify defective CVTs for timely preventive

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    301 views5 pages

    Reasons of Failures of Cvts

    Uploaded by

    Lalit Kumar Jain
    The document discusses reasons for failures of capacitor voltage transformers (CVTs), approaches taken to refurbish old CVTs, and a condition monitoring program to identify defective CVTs. Over 900 old CVTs were refurbished on site by replacing components like bellows, damping resistors, and oil. Refurbishment work took 2 years and reduced failure rates for 3 years, but some CVTs still failed. A joint investigation with manufacturers identified design and manufacturing improvements. CVTs were fully refurbished at manufacturers' works, and about 100 have been successfully refurbished so far with satisfactory performance. Condition monitoring of capacitance, loss angle, and secondary voltages helps identify defective CVTs for timely preventive

    Copyright:

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    of 5

    REASONS OF FAILURES OF CVTs SHORTING OF CAPACITOR ELEMENTS AND SUBSEQUENT BLASTING OF CVT STACKS MOISTURE ENTRY FROM BELLOWS

    WS DUE TO PIN HOLES MOISTURE ENTRY FROM LOWER FLANGE OF BOTTOM STACK DUE TO WATER ACCUMULATION AND RUSTING POOR SOLDERING QUALITY POOR QUALITY OF PAPER(LOCAL SOURCE) SNAPPING OF BELLOW CONNECTION OVERHEATING OF DAMPING RESISTOR SHORTING OF TRANSFORMER CORES FAILURES OF FR CIRCUIT COMPONENTS LOOSENESS OF CORE BOLTS SNAPPING OF CONNECTION BETWEEN PRIMARY WINDING AND COMPENSATING REACTOR FAILURE OF VARISTORS PROVIDED IN SECONDARY ENTRY OF MOISTURE IN CAPACITOR STACKS POOR GASKET QUALITY

    REFURBISHMENT OF CVTs AT SITE ALTERNATIVES Replacement of defective CVTs Or Enhancing service life of old CVTs by using modified components

    Replacement of all old CVTs involved huge expenditure, therefore alternative solution of life extension at site was implemented for about 900 nos. CVTs. Replacement of components Make-A Stainless steel bellows to prevent moisture entry Damping Resistors as old one were getting overheated. CVT stack oil Make-B Replacement of core bolts with locktite sealing Replacement of Varistors by higher rating Application of RTV compound on the CVT stack flanges to avoid moisture entry Tests conducted: Capacitance and Tan Delta measurement Ratio tests

    Refurbishment work was completed in almost 2 years and for next 3 years, the failure rate was controlled Problems encountered on the refurbished CVTs Puncturing of Capacitor elements Poor soldering quality Pinholes in bellows Overheating of damping resistor Shorting of Transformer Cores

    Action Plan for Failed CVTs Joint inspection/ investigations involving manufacturers carried out. Following action plan was finalized: 1. 2. 3. 4. Design modifications Strengthening of Standard Manufacturing plan. Replacement of all active components of CVTs at works (total refurbishment) Condition Monitoring of CVTs during service

    Design Modifications Modification of Metallic Bellows Modification of Damping Resistors Modification of Capacitor stack bottom flange Strengthening of Standard Manufacturing Springing test on Metallic Bellows Dielectric Strength of Capacitor paper Conductivity of Aluminium foil. Resistance Measurement of Damping Resistors Temperature Rise Test on Damping Resistors Capacitor Assembly: DC over Potential test Capacitance and Tangent delta Measurement after voltage test ( at rated voltage) Testing of transformer oil for BDV, Moisture content, specific resistivity and tangent delta per IS 335 (Additional item included in the revised SMQP) Refurbishment of CVTs at Manufacturers works Replacement of Capacitor stacks Replacement of Oil Replacement of Bellows by modified one. Replacement of Damping Resistors. Replacement of EMU Tank Cover with modifications so as to avoid moisture accumulation. Replacement of EMU Tank oil. All routine tests as per IEC-60044-5, are conducted. The refurbished CVTs passed successfully in routine tests.

    So far about 100nos. CVTs have been refurbished and have been put back into service. Few CVTs are in service for almost two years and performance is reported to be satisfactory. The refurbishment of CVTs is being done in phased manner The failure rate of the CVTs (excluding the CVTs yet to be taken up for refurbishment), has been reduced to about 0.26%. With the above methodology, the reliability of CVTs in POWERGRID network has improved/ shall improve resulting in increased Transmission System availability. CONDITION MONITORING FOR REMOVAL OF DEFECTIVE CVT FROM SERVICE Capacitance and Tan Delta Measurement of Capacitor dividers. Indication of Ageing, Moisture entry and subsequent Capacitor element shorting Secondary voltage measurement Indication of Capacitor element shorting in C1 side (above tapping lead) and also C2 side (below tapping lead). Capacitance and Tan Delta Measurement Shorting of Capacitor Elements Tan Delta value increases due to ageing/ moisture entry Capacitance variations more than 3% w.r.t. pre-commissioning values. Tan Delta deviations more than 0.003 w.r.t. pre-commissioning values.

    Secondary Voltage Measurement No. of C1 elements (above tapping lead) about 280 to 300 nos in 400kV CVT No. of C2 elements (below tapping lead) about 15 to 20 nos. C1/C2 is ratio about 20 Secondary Voltage = k*V*C1/(C1+C2) k = Transformation ratio V = Primary Voltage Secondary Voltage Measurement Puncturing/ shorting of Capacitor element in C1 side, shall cause increase in secondary voltage Puncturing of capacitor element in C2 side shall lead to decrease in secondary voltage. Periodic measurement of secondary voltage by a reliable meter (0.2 class) gives indication of health of capacitor

    Basis for framing Norms for secondary Voltage measurement One Capacitor Element shorting in C1 side causes about 0.35 to 0.45% (0.22-0.28 V) increase in secondary voltage. One capacitor element shorting in C2 side causes about 5 to 6%(3.2-3.8V) decrease in secondary voltage. Secondary Voltage measurement Norms Sr. Drift in Sec. Condition of CVT Measurement No. Voltage Frequency 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Upto 0.5 Volts 0.5 to 0.8 Volts +0.8 to +1.2 Volts +1.2 to +2.0 Volts Above +2.0 volts -0.8 to -4.0 volts Healthy Needs monitoring Needs close monitoring Needs close monitoring Alarming/ critical Needs close monitoring Six monthly Three monthly

    15 days Needs replacement 15 days Needs replacement

    Less than -4.0 volts Alarming

    Conclusion Life assessment and life Extension techniques were applied in POWERGRID on CVTs. CVT failures were investigated with the help of Manufacturers Modifications in Design, Manufacturing processes were carried out. Failed CVTs were taken up for complete refurbishment at works. The performance of refurbished CVTs is satisfactory. Condition Monitoring helped in timely identification of defective CVT for timely preventive action. The failure trend is downward and situation is expected to improve further

    U1

    C1

    C2

    Z2

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