Chapter1 AnIntroductiontoAnatomyandPhysiology MultipleChoiceQuestions

1) Theanalysisoftheinternalstructureofindividualcellsiscalled A) cytology. B) histology. C) embryology. D) physiology. E) anatomy. Answer: A

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2) Thestudyofthegeneralformandsuperficialmarkingsofanorganismiscalled________anatomy. A) gross B) surface C) systemic D) regional E) surgical Answer: B

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3) Thestudyofthesuperficialandinternalfeaturesinaspecificareaofthebodyiscalled________anatomy. A) surface B) regional C) surgical D) pathological E) radiographic Answer: B

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4) Anatomicalfeaturesthatchangeduringillnessarestudiedin________anatomy. A) gross B) surface C) microscopic D) pathological E) regional Answer: D

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5) Thestudyoftheliveristogrossanatomyasthestudyofthelivercellisto A) physiology. B) regionalanatomy. C) cytology. D) systemicanatomy. E) radiographicanatomy. Answer: C

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6) Thestudyofthefirsttwomonthsofdevelopmentistermed A) histology. B) embryology. C) cytology. D) pathology. E) organology. Answer: B

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7) Thestudyofthefunctionofspecificorgansystemsiscalled A) systemicphysiology. B) organphysiology. C) cellphysiology. D) pathologicalphysiology. E) histology. Answer: A

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8) Cardiovascularphysiologyisanexampleof A) histophysiology. B) organphysiology. C) systemicphysiology. D) pathologicalphysiology. E) physiologicalchemistry. Answer: C

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9) WhichofthefollowingisarrangedincorrectorderfromthemostCOMPLEXtotheSIMPLEST? A) cellular,tissue,molecular,system,organ,organism B) molecular,cellular,tissue,organ,system,organism C) tissue,cellular,molecular,organ,system,organism D) organ,organism,molecular,cellular,tissue,system E) organism,system,organ,tissue,cellular,molecular Answer: E

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10) Whichorgansystemprovidessupport,protectionofsofttissue,mineralstorage,andbloodformation? A) integumentary B) muscular C) skeletal D) nervous E) endocrine Answer: C

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11) Whichorgansystemtransportsnutrients,metabolicwastes,gases,anddefensecells? A) cardiovascular B) digestive C) muscular D) respiratory E) urinary Answer: A

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12) Whichorgansystemincludesthespleenandthetonsils? A) digestive B) endocrine C) nervous D) cardiovascular E) lymphatic Answer: E

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13) Thekidneysanduretersareorgansofthe________system. A) endocrine B) digestive C) respiratory D) urinary E) lymphatic Answer: D

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14) Thepituitaryglandandthyroidglandareorgansofthe________system. A) endocrine B) cardiovascular C) respiratory D) lymphatic E) digestive Answer: A

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15) Whichorgansystemremovescarbondioxidefromthebloodstream? A) cardiovascular B) lymphatic C) respiratory D) digestive E) endocrine Answer: C

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16) Lungsaretotherespiratorysystemastheliveristothe________system. A) lymphatic B) urinary C) digestive D) cardiovascular E) bothBandD Answer: C

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17) Skin,hair,andnailsareassociatedwiththe________system. A) skeletal B) muscular C) integumentary D) endocrine E) bothAandB Answer: C

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18) Themaintenanceofaconstantinternalenvironmentinanorganismistermed A) positivefeedback. B) homeostasis. C) negativefeedback. D) effectorcontrol. E) integration. Answer: B

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19) Whenbodytemperaturerises,acenterinthebraininitiatesphysiologicalchangestodecreasethebody temperature.Thisisanexampleof A) negativefeedback. B) positivefeedback. C) nonhomeostaticregulation. D) diagnosticregulation. E) fever. Answer: A

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20) Ingeneral,thenervoussystemdoeseachofthefollowing, except A) helpstomaintainhomeostasis. B) respondsrapidlytochange. C) directslong-termresponsestochange. D) directsveryspecificresponses. E) bothBandD Answer: C

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21) Whichoneofthefollowingisnotacharacteristicoftheendocrinesystem? A) releaseschemicalmessengerscalledhormones B) producesamorerapidresponsethanthenervoussystem C) produceseffectsthatlastfordaysorlonger D) producesaneffectthatinvolvesseveralorgansortissuesatthesametime E) importanthomeostaticsystem Answer: B

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22) Apersonfacingforwardwithhandsatthesidesandpalmsfacingforwardisinthe A) supineposition. B) proneposition. C) anatomicalposition. D) frontalposition. E) sagittalposition. Answer: C

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23) Ananatomicaltermthatmeansthesame asventral: A) posterior B) inferior C) abdominal D) anterior E) superior Answer: D

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24) Theheartis________tothelungs. A) lateral B) medial C) posterior D) proximal E) distal Answer: B

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25) Thewristis________totheelbow. A) proximal B) distal C) lateral D) medial E) horizontal Answer: B

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26) Thechinis________tothenose. A) anterior B) superior C) posterior D) inferior E) medial Answer: D

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27) Whichofthefollowingregionscorrespondstothebuttocks? A) pelvic B) cephalic C) gluteal D) lumbar E) thoracic Answer: C

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28) Whichofthefollowingtermsreferstothefoot? A) cervical B) brachial C) antebrachial D) femoral E) pedal Answer: E

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29) Whichplanedividesthebodyintorightandleftparts? A) proximal B) frontal C) orthogonal D) transverse E) sagittal Answer: E

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30) Themuscleknownasthediaphragmseparatesthe________fromthe________. A) pleuralcavity;mediastinum B) thoraciccavity;abdominopelviccavity C) pericardialcavity;pleuralcavity D) abdominalcavity;pelviccavity E) pericardialsac;pericardialcavity Answer: B

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31) Thethoraciccavitycontainsthe A) coelom. B) pericardialcavity. C) pelviccavity. D) pleuralcavities. E) bothBandD Answer: E

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32) Amidsagittalsectionwouldpassthroughthe A) kidney. B) lung. C) heart. D) spleen. E) leg. Answer: C

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33) Theserousmembranecoveringthestomachandmostoftheintestinesiscalledthe A) pericardium. B) peritoneum. C) pleura. D) mediastinum. E) abdomen. Answer: B

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34) Mary,whois6monthspregnant,goestoherphysicianforatesttocheckthedevelopmentofherfetus.The physicianusesadevicethatemitssoundwavestoproduceanimageofthefetus.Thistechniqueisknownas A) X-ray. B) CT. C) MRI. D) ultrasound. E) radiography. Answer: D

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35) Animagingtechniquethatusesamagneticfieldandradiowavestoproduceviewsinsidethebodyisthe A) angiogram. B) radiograph. C) CTscan. D) MRIscan. E) ultrasound. Answer: D

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36) Ifaresponsedecreasesadisturbance,thesystemisclassifiedasa________feedbacksystem. A) deficit B) negative C) neutral D) polarized E) positive Answer: B

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37) Ifaresponseincreasesadisturbance,thesystemisclassifiedasa________feedbacksystem. A) deficit B) negative C) neutral D) polarized E) positive Answer: E

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38) Whichofthefollowingorgansislocatedbetweentheperitoneumandthebodywall? A) stomach B) kidney C) urinarybladder D) largeintestine E) spleen Answer: B

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39) Anatomyisto________asphysiologyisto________. A) function;form B) form;structure C) structure;function D) structure;form E) growth;form Answer: C

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40) Thecentralprincipleofphysiologyis A) nutrition. B) reflexes. C) homeostasis. D) stimulation. E) temperatureregulation. Answer: C

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41) Anexampleofareceptorinanegativefeedbackloopcontrollingbodytemperaturewouldbe A) temperaturesensorsontheskinthatdetectastimulus. B) sweatglandsthatincreasesecretion. C) regulatorycentersthatsendcommandstoaneffector. D) effectorsthatcausebloodvesselstodilate. E) sweatglandsthatactlikeeffectors. Answer: A

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42) Theintegratingcenterforthenegativefeedbackloopthatregulatesbodytemperatureisthe A) hypothalamus. B) skin. C) temperaturesensor. D) positivefeedbackcenter. E) thermostat. Answer: A

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43) Acellororganthatrespondstocommandsofthecontrolcenterinnegativefeedbackistermeda(n) A) receptor. B) thermoregulator. C) hypothalamus. D) effector. E) stimulus. Answer: D

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44) Thistypeoffeedbackexaggeratestheeffectsofvariationsfromnormal. A) negative B) positive C) neutral D) depressing E) alloftheabove Answer: B

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45) Organphysiologyisto________asgrossanatomyisto________. A) cellphysiology;microscopicanatomy B) macroscopicanatomy;unbalance C) equilibrium;macroscopicanatomy D) balance;equilibrium E) imbalance;microscopicanatomy Answer: A

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46) Thequadrantsoftheabdominopelvicregionincludeallofthefollowingexcept A) rightupperquadrant(RUQ). B) rightlowerquadrant(RLQ). C) leftupperquadrant(LUQ). D) leftlowerquadrant(LLQ). E) pelvicquadrant. Answer: E

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47) Whichofthefollowingisnotconsideredanabdominopelvicregion? A) righthypochondriac B) rightinguinalregion C) leftlumbar D) lefthypochondriac E) upper Answer: E

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48) Identifyastructurelocatedwithinthemediastinum. A) pericardialsac B) smallintestine C) lung D) spleen E) stomach Answer: A

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49) Apersonislyingonthebedgazingattheceiling.Sheisinthe________position. A) prone B) supine C) anatomical D) dorsal E) caudal Answer: B

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50) Therightpleuralcavitycontainsthe A) heart. B) trachea. C) leftlung. D) rightlung. E) bothlungs. Answer: D

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51) Whichofthefollowingorgansisnotcontainedwithintheabdominalcavity? A) stomach B) smallintestine C) ovary D) spleen E) pancreas Answer: C

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52) Visceralpericardiumislocated A) ontheheartitself. B) liningthepleuralcavity. C) liningthepericardialcavity. D) onthelungitself. E) liningtheperitonealcavity. Answer: A

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53) Themediastinum A) containsthepleuralcavities. B) separatesthepleuralcavities. C) containsthepericardialcavity. D) bothAandC E) bothBandC Answer: E

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54) ________isconsideredtheoldestmedicalscience. A) Anatomy B) Biology C) Physiology D) Cytology E) Embryology Answer: A

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55) Identifythecorrectlyspelledtermdescribingtheorganthatseparatestheventralbodycavityintosuperiorand inferiorcavities. A) mediastinum B) mediastienum C) diaphragm D) diafragm E) diaphram Answer: C

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56) Termsofanatomicaldirectionareusedtodescribe A) onebodypartinrelationtoanother. B) surgicalprocedures. C) asupineposition. D) thenervoussystem. E) livingmatter. Answer: A

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57) Thetwomajordivisionsoftheventralbodycavityarethe A) pelvicandthoracic. B) cranialandsacral. C) lateralandmedial. D) thoracicandabdominopelvic. E) dorsalandventral. Answer: D

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58) Theurinarybladderisfoundinthe________quadrantandthe________quadrant. A) rightupper;rightlower B) leftupper;leftlower C) rightupper;rightlower D) leftupper;rightupper E) rightlower;leftlower Answer: E

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59) Theliverisprimarilylocatedinthe________quadrant. A) rightupper B) leftupper C) rightlower D) leftlower E) hepatic Answer: A

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60) Whilestandingerect,thedirectionofcaudalis A) upward. B) downward. C) laterally. D) medially. E) noneofthese. Answer: B

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61) Whilestandingintheanatomicalposition, A) frontreferstoanterior. B) frontreferstoventral. C) backreferstoposterior. D) backreferstodorsal. E) alloftheabove Answer: E

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62) Achemicalimbalanceinthebloodcancausethehearttostoppumpingblood,whichinturnwillcauseother tissuesandorganstoceasefunctioning.Thisobservationsupportstheviewthat A) allorganismsarecomposedofcells. B) alllevelsoforganizationwithinanorganismareinterdependent. C) chemicalmoleculesmakeupcells. D) bloodhasmagicalproperties. E) congenitaldefectscanbelife-threatening. Answer: B

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ShortAnswerQuestions
1) Thebranchofbiologicalsciencethatstudiestheexternalandinternalstructureofthebodyandthephysical relationshipamongbodypartsiscalled________. Answer: anatomy
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2) Thebranchofbiologicalsciencethatdealswiththestudyofhowlivingorganismsperformtheirvitalfunctions iscalled________. Answer: physiology

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3) Thetendencyforphysiologicalsystemstostabilizeinternalconditionsiscalled________. Answer: homeostasis

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4) Homeostaticregulationusuallyinvolvesa(n)________thatdetectsaparticularstimulus,anda(n)________ thatrespondstothestimulusbycommunicatingwitha(n)________whoseactivityhasaneffectonthesame stimulus. Answer: receptor;integratingcenter;effector

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5) ________regulationoccurswhentheactivitiesoforgansareregulatedlocally. Answer: Intrinsic

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6) ________regulationresultsfromtheactivitiesofthenervousorendocrinesystem. Answer: Extrinsic

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7) Anatomyusesaspeciallanguage,called________,thatinvolvestheuseofwordroots,prefixes,suffixes,and combiningformstoconstructtermsrelatedtothebodyinhealthanddisease. Answer: medicalterminology

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8) Whenhomeostaticmechanismsfail,anindividualwillexperiencethesymptomsof________. Answer: disease

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9) Apersonlyingfacedownisinthe________position. Answer: prone

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10) The________servesasaworldwideofficialstandardofanatomicalvocabulary. Answer: TerminologiaAnatomica

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11) Acutparalleltothemidsagittalplanewouldproducea(n)________section. Answer: parasagittal

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12) ________studiesthechangesinformthatoccurbetweenconceptionandphysicalmaturity. Answer: Developmentalanatomy

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13) Thecommontermforthebuccalregionisthe________. Answer: cheek

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14) Thecommontermforthecarpalregionisthe________. Answer: wrist

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15) Thecommonnameforthepollexisthe________. Answer: thumb

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16) Thecommonnameforthepatellaisthe________. Answer: kneecap

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EssayQuestions
1) Nametheorgansfoundinthethoraciccavity. Answer: lungs,heart,trachea,esophagus,thymus,majorbloodvesselsconnectedtotheheart
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2) Namethetwoupperabdominalquadrantsandlisttheorgansthatlieineach. Answer: rightupperquadrant(RUQ):rightlobeofliver,gallbladder,rightkidney,portionsofstomach,largeand smallintestines;leftupperquadrant(LUQ):leftlobeofliver,stomach,pancreas,leftkidney,spleen, portionsoflargeintestine

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3) Whatishomeostaticregulation,andwhatisitsphysiologicalimportance? Answer: Homeostaticregulationreferstoadjustmentsinphysiologicalsystemsthatareresponsibleforthe preservationofaconstantinternalenvironment.Thisprovidesafavorableenvironmentforthebodys cells.

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4) Duringexercise,bloodflowtoskeletalmusclesincreases.Theinitialresponsethatincreasesbloodflowis automaticandindependentofthenervousandendocrinesystems.Whichtypeofhomeostaticregulationis this?Why? Answer: Theinitialincreaseinbloodflowtoactivemusclesisanexampleofautoregulation.Forexample,when oxygenlevelsdeclineinatissue,thecellsreleasechemicalsthatdilatelocalbloodvessels.Thisdilation increasestherateofbloodflowandprovidesmoreoxygentotheregionevenbeforeresponsesfromthe nervousorendocrinesystemtakeplace.Autoregulationdoesnotrequirethenervousorendocrine system.

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