Tesla Coils

ENVISION 2012
TESLA COILS
Presented by
Bhavish A S Krishnaprasad a
3rd semester
Department of Electronics & Communication Srinivas School of Engineering, Mukka
TESLA COILS
A Tesla coil is a type of resonant transformer circuit invented by Nikola Tesla around 1891. It is used to produce high voltage, low current, high frequency alternating current electricity.
NICOLA TESLA
Nicola Tesla invented Tesla coils at around 1891 Nicola Tesla was an inventor, mechanical engineer, and electrical engineer. He was an important contributor to the birth of commercial electricity, and is best known for his many revolutionary developments in the field of electromagnetism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The SI unit measuring magnetic field B (also referred to as the magnetic flux density and magnetic induction), the tesla, was named in his honor
PURPOSE
At the time the purpose was to send electricity through the air, so electronics would no longer need an electrical outlet. Other than that there wasnt really a reason because he was following a vision not trying to solve a serious problem.
Tesla coils produce higher current than the other source of high voltage discharges, electrostatic machines. Tesla used these coils to conduct innovative experiments in electrical lighting, phosphorescence, x-ray generation, high
frequency alternating current phenomena, electrotherapy, and the transmission of electrical energy without wires.
A Tesla coil transformer operates in a significantly different fashion from a conventional (i.e., iron core) transformer. In a conventional transformer, the windings are very tightly coupled and voltage gain is determined by the ratio of the numbers of turns in the windings. This works well at normal voltages but, at high voltages, the insulation between the two sets of windings is easily broken down and this prevents iron cored transformers from running at extremely high voltages without damage.
Tesla Coil Theory

Instead of a tight coupling, the coil transfers energy from one oscillating resonant circuit (the primary) to the other (the secondary) over a number of RF cycles. As the primary energy transfers to the secondary, the secondary's output voltage increases until all of the available primary energy has been transferred to the secondary. A well designed Tesla coil can transfer over 85% of the energy initially stored in the primary capacitor to the secondary circuit. Thus the voltage gain of a Tesla coil can be significantly greater than a conventional transformer, since the air gap has a very high insulation.
HISTORY
The early Tesla coil transformer design employs a medium- to high-voltage power source, one or more high voltage capacitor(s) It also contains a spark gap to excite a multiple-layer primary inductor with periodic bursts of high frequency current. The multiple-layer Tesla coil transformer secondary is excited by resonant inductive coupling, the primary and secondary circuits both being tuned so they resonate at the same frequency The later and higher-power coil design has a single-layer primary and secondary.
The colorado springs laboratory where the first tesla sparks were generated in 1899
The test in colorado Springs
A photograph taken in Colorado Springs during an experiment on December 31, 1899. Tesla reads a book in the background, while several million volts lightning cascade around the laboratory. The roar that accompanied such discharges could be heard ten miles away.
Parts of a Tesla Coil

Magnifying transmitter used a top terminal consisting of a metal frame in the shape of a toroid, covered with hemispherical plates (constituting a very large conducting surface). The top terminal has relatively small capacitance, charged to as high a voltage. The outer surface of the elevated conductor is where the electrical charge chiefly accumulates. It has a large radius of curvature This design allowed the terminal to support very high voltages.
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE DESIGN

AIR DISCHARGES
While generating discharges, electrical energy from the secondary and toroid is transferred to the surrounding air as electrical charge, heat, light, and sound. The electric currents that flow through these discharges are actually due to the rapid shifting of quantities of charge from one place (the top terminal) to other places (nearby regions of air). The process is similar to charging or discharging a capacitor.
AIR DISCHARGES
Tesla coil discharges are formed as a result of displacement currents as pulses of electrical charge are rapidly transferred between the high voltage toroid and nearby regions within the air (called space charge regions). Although the space charge regions around the toroid are invisible, they play a profound role in the appearance and location of Tesla coil discharges.
A small, later-type "Tesla coil" in operation. The output is giving 17-inch sparks. The diameter of the secondary is three inches. The power source is a 10000 V, 60 Hz current limited supply.
APPLICATIONS
Today their main use is entertainment and educational displays. These Tesla coils are often used by hobbyists and at venues such as science museums to produce long sparks. Sparkgap radio transmitters wireless telegraphy electrotherapy Pseudomedical devices such as violet ray.
Applications
The Tesla coil is an early predecessor (along with the induction coil) of a more modern device called a flyback transformer, which provides the voltage needed to power the cathode ray tube used in some televisions and computer monitors However it is used only as a novelty or for shock and awe effect as real applications for this machine have yet to be fully utilized.
WIRELESS TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION

The secondary coil and its capacitor can be used in receive mode to utilize atmospheric electricity.
Theoretically, a variation of the Tesla coil could utilize the phantom loop effect to form a circuit to induct energy from the earths magnetic field and other radiant energy.
During his work at Colorado Springs, Tesla believed he had established electrical resonance of the entire Earth using the Tesla coil transmitter at his "Experimental Station. A Tesla coil can receive electromagnetic impulses from atmospheric electricity and radiant energy besides normal wireless transmissions.
A modern variant of the Tesla coil is also used to power plasma globe sculptures Plasma globes, or plasma lamps (also called plasma balls, domes, spheres, tubes or orbs, depending on shape), are novelty items that were most popular in the 1980s.The plasma lamp was invented by Nikola Tesla
PLASMA GLOBES
DISADVANTAGES
Most of the applications still remain as a theoritical concept and has not been put into practical use.
SUGGESTIONS ON OVERCOMIMG THE DEMIRITS

More awareness
Thank you

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ENVISION 2012

Department of Electronics & Communication Srinivas School of Engineering, Mukka

Tesla Coil Theory

The test in colorado Springs

Parts of a Tesla Coil

PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE DESIGN

WIRELESS TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION

SUGGESTIONS ON OVERCOMIMG THE DEMIRITS

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