MODULE 4 (Basics of STI, HIV & AIDS)
MODULE 4 (Basics of STI, HIV & AIDS)
MODULE 4 (Basics of STI, HIV & AIDS)
Session Objectives
At the end of the module, the participants should be able to:
Bacterial
Viral
Protozoal
Fungal
Skin Parasites
Trichomonas
Candidiasis
HIV
Hepatitis B *
Severe itchiness
Pain
Yellowish/abnormal discharge
Ulcerations
Abdominal pain
Caused by bacteria called neisseria gonorrheae Usual incubation period is 3 to 7 days Can be spread through sexual contact Can affect genitals, throat and anus
Symptoms
Yellowish/ Purulent discharge (tulo) Pelvic inflammation in women Scrotal swelling in men
Caused by chlamydia trachomatis Can infect the cervix, urethra, rectum, throat and eyes Also known as the silent STI
Symptoms
Pelvic inflammation Discharge Scrotal swelling in men
Caused by spirochete treponema pallidum Chronic systemic disease (9-90 days) The organism moves through skin or mucus membrane and into the bloodstream Can be transmitted through mother to child, blood transfusion, sexual contact
Symptom
Lesions
Caused by Symptoms human papilloma Lesions virus (HPV) Warty growths Transmitted directly from skin to skin during sexual contact
Caused by Symptoms herpes Multiple, painful simplex virus 2 shallow ulcers Incubation Painful urination period is 2-12 days
This virus can only infect human beings The effect of the virus is to create a deficiency (a failure to work properly) within the bodys immune system This organism is a retro virus, which means it can reproduce itself by taking over the machinery of the human cell
Source: UNAIDS. Training manual on HIV & AIDS for Catholic Church pastoral workers. Makati: UNAIDS. 2007.
http://whatnext.tht.org.uk/simplescience/ourimmunesystem/
Portal of ENTRY: Lining of the vagina, rectum, and opening of the urethra in males; Wounds or breaks in the skin
Modes of transmission: Sex Injection Drug Use Mother to Child Other transfer of body fluid
BLOOD SEMEN
HIV Infection
AIDS Condition
DEATH
0
Asymptomatic Stage Window period No signs and (3 wks 6 mos) symptoms Symptomatic Stage With signs and symptoms
The body can no longer fight off DEFICIENCY infections; individual may suffer from two or more opportunistic infections SYNDROME A person experiences a collection of symptoms which could be fatal
Source: UNAIDS. Training manual on HIV & AIDS for Catholic Church pastoral workers.
It is an infection or malignancy that attacks the body by taking advantage of an immune system that has been severely weakened by an advanced HIV infection
Source: Avert.org
Lung infection
(ex. TB)
Fungal infections
Blood transfusion from an HIV-infected donor & sharing of infected syringes and needles
natural delivery
breastfeeding
pregnancy
Portal of ENTRY: Lining of the vagina or rectum, upper digestive tract in infants, or breaks in the skin
Modes of transmission:
Sex Injection Drug Use Mother to Child Other transfer of blood
Philippine National AIDS Council
Portal of EXIT:
Blood Semen Vaginal Fluid Breast milk
BSTINENCE: Do not have sex. In the case of adolescents, delaying sexual debut (age of first sexual encounter) will help. E monogamous: Have ONE sexual partner orrect and consistent use of and safer sex practices ONDOM
Slide (S2.2) 26
WV-COH
HIV-positive women can still give birth to HIV-negative babies if they follow certain precautions: Take ARVs during pregnancy
Deliver the baby thru caesarian operation
Drug use and excessive alcohol intake can impair an individuals decision-making process, putting him/her in a situation where infection may occur. The risk of HIV transmission can be reduced if individuals would change their risky behaviors and practices. Education is important. People should be provided with correct, accurate, and reliable information on how they can protect themselves from HIV.
Have you or any of Did you or your Did you or any of Have you or any of your partners partner(s) contract yourpartners partner(s) your engaged in sexually undergo any blood injected drugs with unprotected sex (any transmitted transfusion or shared form ofneedles sex includes infection in the last organ transplant and/or syringes? oral, vaginal or anal) five (5) years? from an unreliable with a person with source? multiple sex partners?
Source: PNAC
A persons HIV status can only be determined through HIV antibody testing
Source: Microsoft, Clipart
Voluntary counseling & testing (VCT) individuals willing to undergo testing of their own free will
Provider-initiated counseling & testing (PICT) a situation where doctors encourage patients to undergo testing
Source of illustration: DOH, Remedios AIDS Foundation, UNICEF
HIV testing is strictly voluntary, confidential, and must be accompanied by pre- and post-test counselling
Photo from World Vision
Pre-test counselling
Screening Test
HIV antibody detection: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) HIV antigen Test
Post-test counselling
Philippine National AIDS Council
Pinoy Plus Babae Plus Cavite Support Group Cebu Plus PAFPI Crossbreed United Western Inc. Davao Advocates
Source of illustration: DOH, Remedios AIDS Foundation, UNICEF
STI, generally acquired thru unsafe sexual contact, is caused by microorganisms that include HIV. A person with STI is thus more vulnerable to HIV. HIV, acquired in the same manner as most STIs, is a microorganism that attacks and destroys the human immune system. This leads to a condition known as AIDS, where the body no longer has a functioning immune system to ward off opportunistic infections and malignancies, which ultimately prove fatal.
Philippine National AIDS Council
Successful HIV transmission occurs when these 4 elements are present: (1) exit the means by which the virus leaves the body of an infected person, (2) the sufficiency of the amount of virus transmitted, (3) the ability of the virus to survive in a new environment, and (4) the point of entry to another body.
Philippine National AIDS Council
THREE BASIC COMPONENTS OF TREATMENT AND CARE (1) Regular blood test to determine amount of HIV in the blood (2) Taking anti-retroviral drugs (3) Treatment of opportunistic infections