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    Introduction To Java 2 Programming: Applets

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    kirankrish113734
    This document provides an introduction to Java applets, including an overview of what applets are, the rules that govern them, their lifecycle when run in a web browser, how to write and deploy applets, and examples of basic applets. Applets are Java applications that run in web browsers and are embedded in HTML pages. They have certain security restrictions enforced by the browser to prevent damage to the client system. The browser drives applets through a standard lifecycle of init(), start(), stop(), and destroy() methods. Writing an applet involves extending the Applet or JApplet class and implementing these methods. Applets are deployed via HTML <applet> tags.

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    Introduction To Java 2 Programming: Applets

    Uploaded by

    kirankrish113734
    34 views18 pages
    This document provides an introduction to Java applets, including an overview of what applets are, the rules that govern them, their lifecycle when run in a web browser, how to write and deploy applets, and examples of basic applets. Applets are Java applications that run in web browsers and are embedded in HTML pages. They have certain security restrictions enforced by the browser to prevent damage to the client system. The browser drives applets through a standard lifecycle of init(), start(), stop(), and destroy() methods. Writing an applet involves extending the Applet or JApplet class and implementing these methods. Applets are deployed via HTML <applet> tags.

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    java

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    AppleTs

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    This document provides an introduction to Java applets, including an overview of what applets are, the rules that govern them, their lifecycle when run in a web browser, how to write and deploy applets, and examples of basic applets. Applets are Java applications that run in web browsers and are embedded in HTML pages. They have certain security restrictions enforced by the browser to prevent damage to the client system. The browser drives applets through a standard lifecycle of init(), start(), stop(), and destroy() methods. Writing an applet involves extending the Applet or JApplet class and implementing these methods. Applets are deployed via HTML <applet> tags.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    34 views18 pages

    Introduction To Java 2 Programming: Applets

    Uploaded by

    kirankrish113734
    This document provides an introduction to Java applets, including an overview of what applets are, the rules that govern them, their lifecycle when run in a web browser, how to write and deploy applets, and examples of basic applets. Applets are Java applications that run in web browsers and are embedded in HTML pages. They have certain security restrictions enforced by the browser to prevent damage to the client system. The browser drives applets through a standard lifecycle of init(), start(), stop(), and destroy() methods. Writing an applet involves extending the Applet or JApplet class and implementing these methods. Applets are deployed via HTML <applet> tags.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 18
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that applets allow Java programs to run in web browsers, they have security restrictions to prevent harming client systems, and they go through initialization, start, stop and cleanup stages controlled by the browser.

    Applets are Java programs that run in web browsers. They provide more interactive functionality than standard web pages and allow code reuse from desktop applications. However, their usage has declined due to issues like slow loading and inconsistent browser support.

    Applets have security restrictions enforced by the Java Virtual Machine to prevent potential viruses, security breaches or other harm. They cannot perform actions like writing files, making network connections or launching other programs on the client system without permission.

    Introduction to Java 2 Programming

    Applets

    Overview
    Introduction to Applets
    The Rules for Applets The Applet Lifecycle

    Writing Applets
    Creating applets Deploying applets

    Examples: Interacting with the browser


    Parameters Displaying status messages Showing documents

    Introduction to Applets
    Applets are applications that are deployed over the Internet
    Designed to run inside a browser Are embedded in HTML pages Core part of Java

    Not are popular as they were (or forecasted to be)


    Patchy browser support Can be slow to download Macromedia Flash, etc. offer similar functionality

    Introduction to Applets
    But do provides a number of benefits Easy to deploy (web components) No need for installation or upgrades Provide more sophisticated functionality than a web page/form Allow for proprietary client-server protocols Re-use code from traditional applications Very secure

    The Rules for Applets


    An applet cannot (usually) do the following: Cannot load libraries or define native methods Cannot read or write files on the client Cannot make network connections except to the server it came from Cannot start any program on the client Cannot read certain system properties Cannot pretend to be a local application
    Applet windows look different

    The Rules for Applets


    Ensures that an applet cannot damage the client
    Otherwise opens potential for viruses, security breaches, trojan horses, etc Applets are considered to be untrusted code

    Rules are enforced by a Security Manager


    Installed by the JVM in the browser

    The rules are known as a security policy Alternate policies can be used on request
    But only if the user decides to trust the code

    The Applet Lifecycle


    Applets are loaded, started and managed by the browser Browser is a container that provides services to the applet
    Similar to Robots in the Robocode arena

    Browser drives the applet through life-cycle methods


    The methods mark milestones in the applet life Instruct it to carry out some basic operations Form a contract between the browser and the applet

    (Aside: this is a common pattern used in many Java frameworks in various forms)

    The Applet Lifecycle


    Four basic lifecycle methods
    Defaults provided by java.applet.Applet

    init() Initialises the applet when (re-)loaded


    Perform initialisation here rather than constructor Guarantees complete environment is available (e.g. parameters)

    start() Starts the applet running, after loading or user revisits page stop() Stops the applet running, when user leaves page or quits destroy() Perform final clean-up before its unloaded

    The Applet Lifecycle


    init()

    Initialised start()

    Running stop() start()

    Stopped destroy()

    Destroyed

    Writing Applets
    Writing applet involves creating a sub-class of
    java.applet.Applet, or javax.swing.JApplet (recommended)

    Remember, JApplet is a top-level Swing container


    can add usual Swing components

    Applet base class provides a number of useful methods Applets also have a context object, that provides other functionality
    E.g. driving the browser, communicating with other applets

    Writing Applets

    Useful Methods
    getParameter() get a parameter set in the web page showStatus() show a message in the status bar getImage() load an image getAudioClip(), play() play a sound file getAppletContext() get context object getAppletContext().showDocument() instruct the browser to show another webpage

    Writing Applets
    Tip for development/debugging:
    Use the appletviewer tool for viewing and testing applets Easier to control than in a browser Avoids problems with caching of applets

    ExampleA Basic Applet

    Deploying Applets
    Applets are embedded into web pages with the <applet> tag
    Instructs the browser to display an applet in that location of the web page

    The applet tag can be used to set several properties about the applet
    the class to load and run as an applet height and width Location of class files (codebase)

    Deploying Applets
    <applet name=MyApplet code=AppletSubclass.class width=anInt height=anInt codebase=http://where.applet.lives> <param name=parameter1Name value=aValue/> <param name=parameter2Name value=anotherValue/> Your browser is not Java enabled! </applet>

    Deploying Applets
    <html> <body> <h1>The Basic Applet</h1> <applet code="intro2java.applet.BasicApplet.class" width="100" height="100"> </applet> </body> </html>

    Writing Applets
    Beware of CLASSPATH!
    Applets classes are loaded from the same directory as the HTML page Unless an alternate directory is set with the codebase attribute

    Examples
    The Hello World Applet Interacting with the browser
    1. 2. 3. 4. Getting parameters Showing a status message Showing other web pages The Calculator as an applet

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