Three Phase Ac Circuit
Three Phase Ac Circuit
Three Phase Ac Circuit
It is a common method of alternating current electric power generation, transmission, and distribution. This was introduced and patented by Nikola Tesla in the years from 1887 to 1888. It is a type of polyphase system and is the most common method used by grids worldwide to transfer power. It is also used to power large motors and other large loads.
It is generally more economical than others because it uses less conductor material to transmit electric power than equivalent single-phase or two-phase systems at the same voltage. In a three-phase system, three circuit conductors carry three alternating currents (of the same frequency) which reach their instantaneous peak values at different times.
Three-phase transformer with four wire output for 208Y/120 volt service: one wire for neutral, others for A, B and C phases.
Phase voltages: Line to neutral voltages (Va, Vb, and Vc) Phase currents: Line currents (Ia, Ib, and Ic) Neutral connects the 3 phases
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Phase voltages: Line voltages (Vab, Vbc, and Vac) Phase currents: currents from line to line (Iab, Ibc, and Iac) Neutral is not present
BALANCED THREE PHASE AC CIRCUITS Requirements: All 3 sources are represented by a set of balanced 3-phase variables. All loads are 3-phase with equal impedances. Line impedances are equal in all 3 phases.
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12 The three induced voltages across the armature coils between terminals aa, bb, and cc can be written as follows: Positive (abc) sequence
Basic structure and principle of an AC generator: (a) A 3-phase generator with the armature rotating, (b) A 3-phase generator with the magnet rotating, and (c) A 3-phase voltage waveform.
Basic structure and principle of an AC generator: (a) A 3-phase generator with the armature rotating, (b) A 3-phase generator with the magnet rotating, and (c) A 3-phase voltage waveform.
Relations between line and phase voltages/currents in a balanced three phase (Y-connected)
From this phasor diagram, the relationship between the phase (or line-to-neutral) voltages and the line (or lineto-line) voltages can be written as follows:
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(a) A Y-connected 3-phase source and (b) its voltage phasor diagram.
Note that for a Y-connected three-phase source, the amplitudes of line voltages are 3 times that of phase voltages and the line current is the same as the phase current:
Relations between line and phase voltages/currents in a 15 balanced three phase (-connected)
From this phasor diagram, the relationship between the phase currents and the line currents can be written as follows:
(a) A -connected 3-phase source and (b) its current phasor diagram. Note that for a -connected three-phase source, the amplitudes of line currents are 3 times that of phase currents and the line voltage is the same as the phase voltage:
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A delta connected three-phase load can be replace by an equivalent wye-connected load if the two loads are equivalent (draw the same line currents from the three-phase source).
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Note that the line-to-line voltages at the delta-connected load are the load voltages. The a phase line currents for the wye and delta loads are defined by the following: Delta Connected Load Wye Connected Load
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The same results are found for the other two line currents. Thus, a delta-connected load can be replaced by a wye-connected load with one-third the impedance per phase for balanced system.
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It is possible that for the abc sequence can be also represented as the phase sequence ab-bc-ca for the line voltages sequence. Suppose that you are going to reverse the subscript of the given line voltage. For example, given the line voltage Vab = 12030 V then Vba = 120-30 V.
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The current in phase a is equal to the neutral line current, Ia = IN. Therefore, IN is the phasor sum of Ib and Ic.
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Find a. The line currents Ia, Ib, and Ic in phasor form. b. The neutral current IN in phasor form.
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