Fluid Machine
Fluid Machine
Fluid Machine
1) Potential
4) Electrical
2) Kinetic
3) Mechanical
Reservoir
Tail Race
COMPONENTS
OF
Dam / Barrage
HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
Power House
Intake
Water Conductor
Penstock
Surge Shaft
Reservoir Scheme
Rockfill dam
Rock
Clay core
Rock
Power House
Power House is a building housing the turbines, generator, control and protection equipments' and other auxiliaries for operating the machines. A Power House has following components in general, for which hydel civil design should make adequate arrangements;
Spiral case and wicket gates Turbine Draft tube Tail Race Channel / Tunnel Generator Governors Buswork, circuit breakers Transformers Switchyard Auxiliary equipment
Trash racks
Trash rack is a screen provided at the intake to prevent entry of floating debris like grass, leaves, trees, timber etc., into the water conductor system. Each screen consists of vertical trash bars welded to space bars consisting of flat/channel sections.
Intake Structure
A water intake must be able to divert the required amount of water into the power canal or into the penstock without producing a negative impact on the local environment and with the minimum possible headloss.
Components of Intake Structure Trash rack Trash rack supporting structure Stop logs & control gates Anti-vortex arrangements Bell mouth & transition
Spillway
Spillway is to discharge surplus flow without damage to the dam, powerhouse, or riverbed below the dam. The most common type of spillway is the overflow. To permit maximum use of storage volume, movable gates are sometimes installed above the crest to control discharge.
GEN SEC
MACHINING OF RUNNERS
Bulb generators
Spiral case and wicket gates- to direct and control the water entering the turbine runner. The spiral case is a steel-lined conduit connected to the penstock or intake conduit, and it distributes flow uniformly into the turbine. Wicket gates are adjustable vanes that surround the turbine runner entrances and they control the area available for water to enter the turbine.
BUTTERFLY VALVE
ASSEMBLY OF MIV
Draft tube- conveys the water from the discharge side of the turbine to the tailrace. It is designed to minimize exit losses.
Tail Race Channel / Tunnel The Channel/ Tunnel, through which the water returns to the river after passing through the turbine is called Tail Race Channel / Tunnel. This is the last leg of the journey of water to watts. Its design as a channel / Tunnel follows the same principles as in the case of Head Race Channel / Tunnel, except that often it has reverse slope. Another important criteria in design of Tail Race Channel / Tunnel is the determination of Tail water Level, which actually determines the net available head, and therefore, power generation potential. Generator converts the mechanical power produced by the turbine into electrical power. The two major components of the generator are the rotor and stator, The rotor is the rotating assembly, which is attached by a connecting shaft to the turbine, and the stator is the fixed portion of the generator.
Governors- regulates the speed and output of turbine-generator units by controlling the wicket gates to adjust water flow through the turbine.
Distributor
Pitch Diameter Wicket gate length Wicket gate height Distributor central line elevation No. of wicket gates No. of upper guide bearing Wicket gate max. thickness Weight of guide bearing 5.284m 0.91m 0.021m 498m 20
0.162m 10 tons
Main shaft
MACHINING OF SHAFT
DISCUSSION