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    Dead Stars

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    Audrey Kristina Maypa
    The story follows Alfredo Salazar, who is engaged to Esperanza but falls for another woman, Julia Salas, after they meet. His feelings for Julia resurface years later when his work takes him to her hometown. He seeks her out and finds that she remains unmarried, though they both acknowledge nothing can happen between them given Alfredo's engagement. The story examines themes of duty, promises, and dreams that cannot be fulfilled.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Dead Stars

    Uploaded by

    Audrey Kristina Maypa
    3K views27 pages
    The story follows Alfredo Salazar, who is engaged to Esperanza but falls for another woman, Julia Salas, after they meet. His feelings for Julia resurface years later when his work takes him to her hometown. He seeks her out and finds that she remains unmarried, though they both acknowledge nothing can happen between them given Alfredo's engagement. The story examines themes of duty, promises, and dreams that cannot be fulfilled.

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    Dead Stars by Paz Marquez Benitez

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    The story follows Alfredo Salazar, who is engaged to Esperanza but falls for another woman, Julia Salas, after they meet. His feelings for Julia resurface years later when his work takes him to her hometown. He seeks her out and finds that she remains unmarried, though they both acknowledge nothing can happen between them given Alfredo's engagement. The story examines themes of duty, promises, and dreams that cannot be fulfilled.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    3K views27 pages

    Dead Stars

    Uploaded by

    Audrey Kristina Maypa
    The story follows Alfredo Salazar, who is engaged to Esperanza but falls for another woman, Julia Salas, after they meet. His feelings for Julia resurface years later when his work takes him to her hometown. He seeks her out and finds that she remains unmarried, though they both acknowledge nothing can happen between them given Alfredo's engagement. The story examines themes of duty, promises, and dreams that cannot be fulfilled.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    At a glance
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    Philippine literature was influenced by the introduction of English education and free public schooling. Writers were exposed to American styles of writing and thought.

    The use of English as the medium of instruction introduced Filipinos to Anglo-American culture and thinking. This led to the emergence of a vibrant literature in English from the educated class.

    Poetry, sarswela, short stories, and novels were popular literary genres during this period. Poetry was written in Filipino, Spanish, English, and local dialects.

    Dead Stars by Paz Marquez Benitez

    Philippine Lit during American Period


    Philippine literary production during the American Period was spurred by developments in education and culture. One is the introduction of free public instruction for all children of school age and two, the use of English as medium of instruction in all levels of education in public schools.

    The use of English as medium of instruction introduced Filipinos to Anlgo-American modes of thought, culture, and life.

    The educated class would be the wellspring of a vibrant Philippine literature in English.

    The literary genres that flourished during the American Period were poetry, sarswela, short story, and the novel. Poetry was written in the three languages - Filipino, Spanish, English, and in the different dialects. Some of the known poets during the American period were Maximo Kalaw, Carlos P. Romulo, Maria Agoncillo, Paz Marquez Benitez, Salvador P. Lopez, Jose Garcia Villa, Carlos Bulosan, and many others.

    Philippine literature in English, as a direct result of American colonization of the country, could not escape being imitative of American models of writing especially during its period of apprenticeship.
    In fiction, the period of apprenticeship in literary writing in English is marked by imitation of the style of storytelling and strict adherence to the craft of the short story as practiced by popular American fictionist (Anderson, Saroyan, Hemingway)

    The balagtasan, named after Francisco F. Balagtas, is a debate in verse, a poetical joust done almost spontaneously between protagonists who debate over the pros and the cons of a certain issue. The first ever balagtasan was held in March 1924 at the Insituto de Mujeres, with Corazon de Jesus and Florentino Collantes as rivals. Jose Corazon de Jesus, known also as Huseng Batute, became the first ever king of the Balagtasan.

    Short stories in English of early Filipino fictionists are marked with American style. This all changed with the founding of the U. P. Writers Club in 1926 whose aim was to enhance and propagate the "language of Shakespeare.

    With the publication of Paz Marquez Benitez' "Dead Stars," it was made the landmark of the maturity of the Filipino writer in English. Many writers followed Benitez like Icasiano Calalang, Arturo Rotor, A. E. Litiatco, Paz Latorena, and Manuel Arguilla started publishing stories manifesting skills in the use of the foreign language and a keen Filipino sensibility.

    The combination of the foreign language and the culture of a Filipino enabled fictionists to produce great literary works. The public can now relate to the story because the public also experiences what the story has to say and they can now understand the language being used by the writer.

    Works like "His Native Soil" by Juan C. Laya, "How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife" by Manuel Arguilla, and many others depicted the Filipino life in English. The other novelists of this period are Jose Garcia Villa, Francisco Arellana, Fernando Maria Guerrero, Amador Daguio, and Sinai Hamada.

    With the founding of the Philippine Writers League in 1936, Filipino writers began discussing the value of literature in the society they live in. This move was led by Salvador P. Lopez whose works centered on proletarian literature. It was during the early American period that the sarswela gained popularity. Most of the sarwelas if not all are directed against the American imperialists.

    The works of Severino Reyes ("Walang Sugat") and Patricio Mariano ("Anak ng Dagat") are equally remarkable sarwelas during the period. Here are the other noted sarswelistas: Aurelio Tolentino, Juan Abad, Juan Matapang Cruz, and Juan Crisostomo Sotto.

    Philippine Lit during American Period


    Philippine Independence Public schools English as a medium of instruction Freedom of speech

    Philippine Lit during American Period


    Desire for freedom Love for country/nationalism Fight against colonialism and imperialism

    Three Periods
    1) The period of Re-orientation (1898-1910) - Writers during this period were still adjusting to the newfound freedom different from the Spanish regime. They were still adjusting to the new language and standards of the literary style. There were not much literature produced during this period.

    Three Periods
    2) The period of imitation (1910-1925) - Writers during this period made their way into imitating the American and British way of writing that resulted in rigid and unnatural styles that lack vitality and spontaneity.

    Three Periods
    3) The period of self-discovery (1925-1941) - Writers during this period had acquired mastery of writing in English. They now confidently wrote on a lot of subjects although the old-time favorites of love and youth persisted.

    Paz Marquez Benitez


    Born in 1894 in Lucena City, Quezon. Marquez - Bentez authored the first Filipino modern English language short story, Dead Stars, published in the Philippine Herald in 1925. Born into the prominent Marquez family of Quezon province, she was among the first generation of Filipino people trained in the American education system which used English as the medium of instruction.

    Paz Marquez Benitez


    Her work, Dead Stars, first published in 1925 and regularly anthologized since, is considered the first modern short story written in English by a Filipino.

    Characters
    Alfredo Salazar - son of Don Julian, a more than 30 years old man and a bachelor. He is engaged to Esperanza Esperanza- fianc of Alfredo Julia Salas- sister-in-law of Judge Del Valle and the woman Alfredo falls for Judge Del Valle- brother-in-law of Julia Salas Donna Adella- sister of Julia Salas Don Julian- Alfredos father

    Characters
    Carmen- Alfredos sister Brigida Samuy- woman Alfredo is looking for

    Summary
    The story starts with Alfredo in his room in deep thought about how his life came to be.

    Don Julian and Carmen have a conversation about Alfredos long engagement to Esperanza. Carmen notices that Alfredo has been cold to his fianc lately.
    I suppose long-engaged people are like that: warm now, cool tomorrow.

    Summary
    Story goes back to how Alfredo met Julia Salas. He met her when he went to Judge Del Valles house with his father. The two were introduced to each other and made instant connection. Alfredo then went to see Julia a few more times after their first meeting. During Holy Thursday the two saw each other again and by this time Julia knew that Alfredo was engaged and she congratulated him.

    When they were already at Julias house, Julia said goodbye indicating what they had was over.

    Summary
    Alfredo goes to Esperanzas house. They get into an argument about Calixta, their note carrier and what she has done and also about Alfredos relationship with Julia. It has been eight years that Alfredo has been married to Esperanza and he was handling a case, in which he needed to meet with the president to find a woman named Brigida Samuy. Coincidentally, the place where the woman could be happens to be near Julia Salas hometown.

    Summary
    When he got there, he found out that Brigida Samuy left with the presidente to San Antonio so he decided to go there.

    Upon arriving there, he immediately thought of Julia and he decided to look for her. He eventually found Julia at her house and learned that she was still single. After talking, both said goodbye.

    Analysis
    The story reflects society during those times. How important that a man keeps his word and promise.

    Analysis
    In the story, dead stars symbolize a dream for something that is nonexistent. The guy loved the girl. She was his dream, his star. He thought there was love there. But like a dead star which is so far away, and whose shine could actually be the leftover traveling light from it, he was a long way from getting the girl, and the love he thought was possible, never was.

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