Wastewater Treatment BS 105 Sp2013

Wastewater Treatment
Purpose:
To manage water discharged from homes, businesses, and industries to reduce the threat of water pollution.
Pre-treatment Preliminary treatment Primary treatment Secondary treatment Sludge (biosolids) disposal
Pre-treatment - Occurs in business or industry prior to discharge - Prevention of toxic chemicals or excess nutrients being discharged in wastewater
Water discharged from homes, businesses,
and industry enters sanitary sewers Water from rainwater on streets enters storm water sewers Combined sewers carry both sanitary wastes and storm water
Water moves toward the
wastewater plant primarily by gravity flow Lift stations pump water from low lying areas over hills
Preliminary Treatment
- removes large objects and nondegradable materials - protects pumps and equipment from damage - bar screen and grit chamber
Bar Screen
- catches large objects that have gotten into sewer system such as bricks, bottles, pieces of wood, etc.
Grit Chamber
- removes rocks, gravel, broken glass, etc. Mesh Screen - removes diapers, combs, towels, plastic bags, syringes, etc.
Preliminary Treatment
Measurement and sampling at the inlet
structure - a flow meter continuously records the volume of water entering the treatment plant - water samples are taken for determination of suspended solids and B.O.D.
Suspended Solids the quantity of solid
materials floating in the water column
B.O.D. = Biochemical Oxygen Demand
- a measure of the amount of oxygen required to aerobically decompose organic matter in the water
Measurements of Suspended Solids and
B.O.D. indicate the effectiveness of treatment processes
Both Suspended Solids and B.O.D.
decrease as water moves through the wastewater treatment processes
Primary Treatment
-- a physical process -- wastewater flow is slowed down and suspended solids settle to the bottom by gravity -- the material that settles is called sludge or biosolids
Primary Treatment
Primary Treatment
Primary Treatment
Sludge from the primary sedimentation
tanks is pumped to the sludge thickener. - more settling occurs to concentrate the sludge prior to disposal
Primary treatment reduces the suspended solids
and the B.O.D. of the wastewater. From the primary treatment tanks water is pumped to the trickling filter for secondary treatment. Secondary treatment will further reduce the suspended solids and B.O.D. of the wastewater.
Secondary Treatment
Secondary Treatment
Secondary treatment is a biological process
Utilizes bacteria and algae to metabolize organic matter in the wastewater In Cape Girardeau secondary treatment occurs on the trickling filter
Secondary Treatment
the trickling filter does not filter the water water runs over a plastic media and organisms clinging to the media remove organic matter from the water
From secondary treatment on the trickling filter
water flows to the final clarifiers for further removal of sludge. The final clarifiers are another set of primary sedimentation tanks. From the final clarifiers the water is discharged back to the Mississippi River.
The final clarifiers
remove additional sludge and further reduce suspended solids and B.O.D.
Disposal of Sludge or Biosolids
-- the sludge undergoes lime stabilization (pH is raised by addition of lime) to kill potential pathogens -- the stabilized sludge is land applied by injection into agricultural fields
Disposal of Sludge or Biosolids
-- in the past, Cape Girardeau disposed of the sludge by landfill or incineration -- landfill disposal discontinued to the threat of leachate -- incineration discontinued because of the ineffectiveness and cost
The final part of the field trip tour
will be in the treatment plant lab.
The wastewater plant lab conducts a
number of measurements and tests on the water.

temperature nitrogen phosphorus
suspended solids B.O.D. pH
In addition to test performed at the
wastewater lab, an off-site contract lab performs additional tests

heavy metals priority pollutants
W.E.T (Whole Effluent Toxicity) tests
Governmental Agencies monitor
wastewater treatment plants

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Missouri Department of Natural Resources

Wastewater Treatment BS 105 Sp2013

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Wastewater Treatment BS 105 Sp2013

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Wastewater Treatment

materials floating in the water column

B.O.D. = Biochemical Oxygen Demand

B.O.D. indicate the effectiveness of treatment processes

Both Suspended Solids and B.O.D.

decrease as water moves through the wastewater treatment processes

Secondary treatment is a biological process

will be in the treatment plant lab.

number of measurements and tests on the water.

suspended solids B.O.D. pH

wastewater lab, an off-site contract lab performs additional tests

W.E.T (Whole Effluent Toxicity) tests

wastewater treatment plants

Missouri Department of Natural Resources

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