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EVOLUTION OF BULBS
Man-made electrical lighting itself began in circa 1810 when a chemist in England called Humphrey Davy invented the arc light. In 1820 Warren De La Rue placed a coil made of platinum into an empty tube and allowed an electric current to pass through to form the first known proto-light bulb. The year of 1840 saw the English physicist and chemist Joseph Wilson Swan patent an incandescent lamp with a filament made from carbonized paper in a partial vacuum. This was the worlds first electric light bulb. Edison leaded in betterment of bulb until by 1880 and came up with 16 watt bulb that lasted between 1200 1500 hours.
Thomas Edison was born in Milan, Ohio. He was the seventh and last child of his parents. Thomas Edison began his career as an inventor in Newark, New Jersey, with the automatic repeater and his other improved telegraphic devices. He was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. He created the worlds first industrial research laboratory.
TYPES OF BULBS
o LED (Light Emitting Diodes) o Light Emitting Diodes (LED) are bulbs without a filament, that are
low in power consumption and have a long life span.
o Low-Pressure Sodium Lamps o Low-pressure sodium lamps have the highest efficacy of all
commercially available lighting sources. They emit a yellow light. Low-pressure sodium lamps operate much like a fluorescent lamp.
o High-Intensity Discharge Lamps o HID lamps produce light by striking an electrical arc across tungsten
electrodes housed inside a specially designed inner glass tube. This tube is filled with both gas and metals.
o Compact Fluorescent Lamps o Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) are a modern type of
light bulbs, that work like fluorescent bulbs, but in a much smaller package. They produce little heat and are very efficient. They normally last up to 10,000 hours.
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MANUFACTURING PROCESS
o Filament o The filament is manufactured through a process known as
drawing, in which tungsten is mixed with a binder material and pulled through a die, into a fine wire. the wire is wound around a metal bar in order to mold it into its proper coiled shape, and then it is heated. This process softens the wire and makes its structure more uniform. The mandrel is then dissolved in acid. in wires have hooks at their ends which are either pressed over the end of the filament or, in larger bulbs.
o Glass bulb o The glass bulbs or casings are produced using a ribbon
machine. After heating in a furnace, a continuous ribbon of glass moves along a conveyor belt. Precisely aligned air nozzles blow the glass through holes in the conveyor belt into molds, creating the casings. After the casings are blown, they are cooled and then cut off of the ribbon machine. Next, the inside of the bulb is coated with silica to remove the glare caused by a glowing, uncovered filament.
o Base o The base of the bulb is also constructed using molds. It is made
with indentations in the shape of a screw so that it can easily fit into the socket of a light fixture.
o Assembly o Once the filament, base, and bulb are made, they are fitted
together by machines. First, the filament is mounted to the stem assembly, with its ends clamped to the two lead-in wires. Next, the air inside the bulb is evacuated, and the casing is filled with an argon and nitrogen mixture.
o Finally, the base and the bulb are sealed. The base slides
onto the end of the glass bulb such that no other material is needed to keep them together. Their conforming shapes allow the two pieces to be held together snugly, with the lead-in wires touching the aluminum base to ensure proper electrical contact. After testing, bulbs are placed in their packages and shipped to consumers.
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LATEST EVOLUTION
o Incandescent o o o o o o o o o o
Reflector Globe Candle Flicker Tubular Ceiling Fan Spiral A-line Dimmable 3-way
o Fluorescent Bulbs o o o o o
Grow lights Linear Circular U-shaped Aquarium