Acoustic Method
Acoustic Method
Acoustic Method
INTRODUCTION
Radio signals used by surface positioning systems are absorbed by water, as a result acoustic signals are the preferred technology for in water signalling. Acoustic method usually used for positioning at offshore and deep water sea.
This positioning method calculate distance by recording transmitted and received back pulse.
The main factor in this method is the accuracy of sound velocity in the water column.
The acoustic positioning system not measure distance but it measure the time.
Example of Acoustic positioning system in field work: 1. 2. 3. 4. Tow fish tracking Bundle Tows Civil Engineering Vessel and Drill Platform
Transfer of position from surface to seabed (most oil industry work relates to drilling and installations on the seabed) Positioning within the water column (Survey Sensors) Relative positioning between locations (relative installations, metrology) Transmission of data (to support positioning and independent sensor data)
INSTRUMENT
position from Acoustic Positioning System to determine the position of the seabed
Used as mark the position in the seabed and transceivers will achieve the signal to determine the position.
Transponder/Beacon
Used to form Acoustic Positioning System rather like the GPS satellite.
TYPE OF TRANSPONDERS
Transponder
It can both receive and transmit signals. More advanced, transponders can operate autonomously enabling them to measure to other sensors and also position themselves.
Responder
This sensor transmits only. It is called a responder because it transmits in Response to a GO command such as an electrical trigger.
Pinger
A generic term for the most basic of transponders. It transmits continuously and does not require any interrogation or trigger.
Transceivers are typically wired sensors capable of receiving information from, and transmitting information to transponders.
Advanced, multielement transceivers can determine range and bearing and hence calculate the relative position of a transponder
Transceivers
Error in SBL
Error in LBL
Error in USBL
Tilt Compensation -acceleration
Acoustic accuracies
Operating Model
Advantage
Disadvantage
Short Baseline
Requires Multiple Subsea Transponders Must have two-way ranging Update intervals long compared to pinger modes Acoustic ray bending
Long Baseline
Ultrashort Baseline
CONCLUSION
Acoustic method is simple and high accuracy that require it to conduct the survey at the deep shore. Acoustic method only measure time and it will put in the formula to get the real coordinates. For high accurancy positioning on the seabed a different type of LBL is used.In this methodology more intelligent transponders are used which are individually addressable and commandable.
REFERENCES
Wikipedia(2013,May 11). Short baseline acoustic positioning. Retrieved February 9,2014, from http://en.m.Wikipedia.org/wiki/short_baseline_acoustic_positioning_system E.Moller(2012,April 11).Acoustic(Subsea)Positioning System, retrieved February 9,2014 from Hydrofest 2012