Broadband Over Powerlines

Broadband Over Power Line
Submitted By:
Veena Radhakrishnan
S7 CSE
Outline Of The Presentation.
 What is Broad Band Access?
 Introduction to BPL.
 History of BPL
 How Does it Works?
 BPL Modems.
 Method Of Transmission- OFDM
 Types of BPL
 Comparison with other technologies.
 Limitation
 Current Status
 Future Scope.
What is BroadBand Access?
?
What is BroadBand Access?
 High Speed Access to Internet.
 Greater than 128Kbps.
 Always ON!
 Simultaneous up-link and down-link communication.
 Made possible by digital modems.
 Leading BroadBand Technologies:
 xDSL, cable, satellite, ISDN digital modem,
INTRODUCTION TO
BROADBAND OVER POWERLINES
 Broadband alternative for homes & business.
 Also known as power line carrier, mains
communication, power line telecom (PLT), or
power line networking (PLN).
 Requires no cabling or infrastructure.
 Cost and speed.
 Only equipment required: Special modem
plugged into electrical receptacle.
BRIEF HISTORY OF BPL.
 PLC has been around for quite sometime.
 BPL began at the end of 1990.
 The first technique to make use of the power line for control
messages was the method - Ripple Control (100-900Hz,10KW)
 1950: at a frequency of 10Hz, 10kW of power, one-way: town
lighting, relay remote control.
 Mid 1980s: beginning of research into the use of the electrical grid
to support data transmission, on bands between 5 - 500Khz,
always in a one-way direction .
 1997: first tests for bidirectional data signal transmission over the
electrical supply network and the beginning of research by Ascom
(Switzerland) and Norweb (U.K.)
 2000: first tests carried out in France by EDF R&D and Ascom
ENABLING TECHNOLOGY
 Advanced methods for modulating data signals.

 Faster Chip set.
 Digital equipments to amplify signals.
 Equipments to send or bypass signal through
transformers.
HOW STUFF WORKS ??
Delta
 CT BRIDGE:
 routes and controls data traffic between the low and
medium-voltage lines.
 CT COUPLER:
 Couples BPL signal to medium voltage primary lines.
 BACKHAUL POINT:
 CT VIEW MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:
 Network management system that monitors and controls
the BPL system.
Broadband Over Power Lines
BPL Injector / Repeater
BPL MODEM
 Use specially designed Silicon Chips.
 Capable of handling PowerLine Noise-
through use of specially developed
modulation technique & adaptive
algorithm.
 roughly the size of a common
power adapter.
 It plugs into a common wall socket.
 Ethernet cable running to computer
finishes the connection. Wireless
versions are also available.
METHOD OF TRANSMISSION-
OFDM(ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY DIVISION
MULTIPLEXING)
 Most commonly used Modulation Technique.

 Another technology used is CDMA.
 Also called Discrete Multitone Modulation
(DMT), is a transmission technique based upon
the idea of frequency division multiplexing
(FDM) (used in IEEE 802.11a).
 Comparison to FDM:
 Coupling with "Channel Coding“:
 almost always used in conjunction with channel
coding- an error correction technique, to create
coded orthogonal FDM or COFDM .
OFDM Contd…..
 Benefits & Usage:
 high spectrum efficiency, resistance against multipath
interference (particularly in wireless communications), and
ease of filtering out noise .
 has high performance.
 By combining the OFDM technique with error-correcting codes,
adaptive equalization and reconfigurable modulation,
 Disadvantages of OFDM:
 suffers from time-variations in the channel, or presence of a
carrier frequency offset.
 tends to have a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR)
 it is necessary to minimize intermodulation between the sub
carriers, which would effectively raise the noise floor both in-
channel and out of channel. For this reason circuitry must be
very linear
TYPES OF BPL
1. Access BPL.
 Utilize the power distribution network,

owned, operated and controlled by an
electricity service provider.
 Use injectors, repeaters and extractors to
deliver high-speed broadband services to
the end-user.
Types Contd..
2. In-House BPL
 Network machines within the building.
 Utilize electric power lines not owned, operated
or controlled by an electricity service provider,
such as the electric wiring in a privately owned
building.
 Devices are connected to the in-building wiring
and use electrical sockets as access points.
 designed to provide short-distance
communication solutions
 Product applications include networking and
sharing common resources such as printers.
ACCESS BPL
IN HOUSE BPL
COMPARISON OF POWER LINE
COMMUNICATIONS AND OTHER RELEVANT
TECHNOLOGIES

ISDN Cable DSL BPL
Modem
Transmissio Twisted pair Co axial Twisted pair Electric lines
n media Cable
Connection Dedicated Shared Dedicated Shared
Availability On demand If cable Users close to Also available

present end office to rural
customers
Capacity 128Kbps 100 times 1MbpsDownst 45Mbps

greater than ream19
twisted pair 256KbpsUp
stream
TECHNICAL CHALLENGES
 Unpredictable Noise Levels on Power Line.

 Attenuation Problem.
 Attenuation Problem at Distribution Transformer.
 Potentially harmful Radio Frequency interference (RFI).
 High Voltage and Fluctuation corrupt Data.
 Distribution System.
LIMITATIONS
 Distances: distance between the customers home& supplying sub-

station is a factor in the bit rate available to the user.
 Equipment :avg transformer will’t allow the radio frequencies to pass
through .
 Cost: high capacity back bones.
 Competition: Competition from providers such as DSL and Cable ISPs
 Security: power lines produce a fair amount of EMI (Electro Magnetic
Interference).
 Government Regulation :regulations for the use of certain
technologies that produce EMI
Where Are We Today?
 12 – 15 Field tests across the U.S. (At least).

 No common standard (Yet!).
 City of Manassas first commercial deployment
followed by Cinergy.
 FCC working on revised rules.
 But industry can deploy under existing rules.
 Huge potential for last mile broadband service.
 Need for more investment dollars and partners.
CURRENT STATUS CONTD..
 BPL in IRELAND
 Govt supporting a trail of BPL.
 The trials are set to take place in Tuam,
Co. Galway with the help from the ESB.
 The trials are set to commence in the
next few months with homes, schools
and businesses connected to the Internet
by way of ESB power lines (PLC).
CONTD…
 BPL in US.
 FCC to measure interference.
 FEMA & ARRl expressed concern over unlicensed
BPL equipment interfacing with their licensed
radio signals.
 FCC sees BPL as a potential competitor to DSL.
 Current technologies provide BPL to Cincinnati
&Rockville, MaryLand
 CURRENT Technology- Home Plug -no
interference with radio signals
 Other ISPs- Earth Link -to test BPL leased from
Progress Energy
What Needs to Happen Next??
 Need for franchise & financial partnerships

 Electric Utility Executives must commit to enterprise
models & actively support projects
 Current roll-outs needs to better publicized
 Need for “business certainty” environment
FUTURE OF BPL…
Following factors determine whether
BPL will succeed in broadband
market:
 Standardisation of BPL technology.
 Cost of BPL.
 Interference issues needs.
 The marketing of BPL needs to be
performed to a high standard.

REFERENCE
 www.nwc.com
 www.currenttechnologie.com
 www.powerlinecommunication.com

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Broadband Over Power Line

 Advanced methods for modulating data signals.

 Most commonly used Modulation Technique.

 Utilize the power distribution network,

Availability On demand If cable Users close to Also available

Capacity 128Kbps 100 times 1MbpsDownst 45Mbps

 Unpredictable Noise Levels on Power Line.

 Distances: distance between the customers home& supplying sub-

 12 – 15 Field tests across the U.S. (At least).

 Need for franchise & financial partnerships

 Interference issues needs.

 The marketing of BPL needs to be

performed to a high standard.

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