Laterally Restrained Beams

Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures
IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

1
Laterally Restrained Beams
2
Prof. Hardy Cross
.the structural elements are very
faithful. They would do what you
expect them to do ..But then you
have to asses whether they would be
able to do that.
3
Conditions to Qualify as a Laterally
Restrained Beam
It should not laterally buckle
None of its elements should buckle until a
desired limit state is achieved
Limit state of serviceability must be satisfied
Member should behave in accordance with the
expected performance of the system

4
Laterally Stability of Beams
5
6
Local Buckling
In IS:800 (1984) the local buckling
is avoided by specifying b/t limits.
Hence we dont consider local
buckling explicitly
However in IS:800(2000??) limit
state design, the local buckling
would be the first aspect as far as
the beam design is concerned
How do we consider? By using
section classification

7
8 times Stronger!
K=4.0
K=0.425
Mr.Stiffened
Mr.Unstiffened
8
Local buckling
Full Section Capacity Full section capacity
eroded by local Buckling
Vent
Vent
9
Unsitffened Elements
10
Sitffened Elements
11
Definition of Yield and Plastic Moment Capacities
12
M
P

M
P

M
P

M
P

M
y

M
y

PLASTIC
COMPACT
SEMI-COMPACT
SLENDER
13
M
P

M
P

M
P

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Section
Classification as per
BS:5950 Part-5
No Slender
sections are rolled
Share of plastic
sections is large
Section
classification
prevents the
inadvertent use of
sections less than
compact for plastic
design

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Sectional Classification for Indian Conditions
Section type
Flange criterion
(b/T)
Web criterion
(d/t)
Slender
Semi-compact
Compact
Plastic
>15.75
<15.75 9.975
<8.92
>126
<82.95
T
d
B
t b =B/2
<9.975 8.92
<126 102.9
<102.9 82.95
y
f
250

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Curvature
M
Y

Rotational Capacity
Flexural member performance using section classification
Slender
Semi-Compact
Compact
Yield moment
M
P

Moment M
Plastic moment
f
y

f
y

f
y

f
y

<f
y

<f
y

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49
12
4
plastic
compact
semicompac
t
PLASTIC 49
COMPACT 12
SEMICOMPACT 4
Section classification of Indian
standard rolled I beams
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Limit states for LR beams
Limit state of flexure
Limit state of shear
Limit state of bearing
Limit state of serviceability
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M
Radius of
curvature
Curvature of bending
(a) (b)
A
z M
h
c
Deflected
shape
N A
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Stress
1
strain
2 3 4
f
y

Plastic
range
Elastic
range
Idealised elasto- plastic stress
stain curve for the purpose of
design
Idealised stress
strain curve
f
21
1
<
y

2
=
y
f
2
=f
y
f
1
<f
y

Strain and stress distributions in the
elastic range
2 1
22
3
>
y
f
3
=f
y

f
3
<f
y

Strain and stress distributions in plastic range
4
>>
y
f
4
=f
y

4
A
C

A
T

Z
c

Z
T

B
3
f
y

T
d
t
d
0

d
0

z
c

z
T

Stress Strain
Strain Stress
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1
2
4
3
f
y

f
y

f
y

(b) Plastification
of cross section
<f
y

M
y

M
P

M
(a) BM diagram
2 1
4
2 1
(c) Curvature
Diagram
Curvature
max

at collapse
3
4
3
24
1
2 3 4
Plastic Hinge
Simply supported beam and its deflection at various
stages
25
Moment M
Curvature
M
Y

Moment curvature characteristics of the simply supported beam
Yield moment
M
P

Plastic moment
Effect of strain hardening may
occur after large rotation
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Z f
c
M
Z
y
f
y
M
6
ytd
f
)
t
z
c
z )( t
0
d BT (
y
f
c
M
2

)
t
Z
t
A
c
Z
c
A (
y
f
t
TZ
c
CZ
p
M
2
1
3
4
27
2.0
1.7
1.27
1.14
1.5
Some typical shape factor
28
Combined bending and shear in beams
Elastic
Bending
stress
Elastic Shear
stress
Plastic
range
a
b c
LIMIT STATE OF SHEAR
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w
d
w
t
V
av

y
f 58 . 0
3
y
f
y

w
d
w
t
y
f 6 . 0
c
V
EQUATIONS FOR SHEAR CAPACITY
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Shear yielding near support
Web buckling Web crippling
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32
45
0

d / 2
d / 2
b
1
n
1

Effective width for web buckling
c
f t )
1
n
1
b (
wb
P
t
d
5 . 2
t
3 2
d 7 . 0
y
r
E
L
3 2
t
t 12
3
t
A
y
I
y
r
y
r
d 7 . 0
y
r
E
L

33
34
b
1
n
2

1:2.5 slope
Root
radius
Effective width of web bearing
yw
f t )
2
n
1
b (
crip
P
Web Crippling in beams
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LIMIT STATE OF SERVICEABILTY
y
f
4923
325
1
y
f 6 . 0
5
10 x 2
5
24
d
L

Deflection (L/365 or L/200???)
Excessive vibration
Repairable damage due to fatigue
Limiting L/d ratio
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Secondary effects on beam behaviour
Residual Stresses
Qualitative change in the behaviour
Little more stringent b/t limits
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Secondary effects on beam behaviour
Combined bending and shear in
beams
Elastic
Bending
stress
Elastic Shear
stress
Plastic
range
a
b c
38
x
y
Unsymmetrical bending
P
x
y
M
x

M
y

M
x

M
y

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Behaviour of point symmetric sections
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Deflection of beams loaded through the
centroid
P
P
P
Centroid
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Deflections of beams loaded through
the shear canter
P
P
Shear
centre
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Constrained bending
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Example of built up beams
Interface shear
to be considered
here
d/2
d/2
Plate
area A
Rolled section
Moment of
inertia - I
s

Modulus of
section - Z
s

(a)
(b)
x x
x x
45
Load
w/metre
BM
Diagram
Rolled
beam
Cover
plate
Theoretical
Point of
cutoff
M
c
M
c

Curtailment of cover plate
Actual
cutoff
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Thank You

Laterally Restrained Beams

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Laterally Restrained Beams

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Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures

IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

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