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IMT-2000
IMT-2000 stands for
IMT: International Mobile Communications
2000: the frequency range of 2000 MHz and the year 2000

In total, 17 proposals for different IMT-2000 standards were submitted by
regional SDOs to ITU in 1998. 11 proposals for terrestrial systems and 6 for
mobile satellite systems (MSSs).

All 3G standards have been developed by regional standard developing
organizations (SDOs).

All 17 proposals have been accepted by ITU as IMT-2000 standards. The
specification for the Radio Transmission Technology (RTT) was released at the
end of 1999.
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IMT-2000
The (IMT-2000), consists of 3 operating modes based on Code
Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technology.

3G CDMA modes are most commonly known as:
CDMA2000,
WCDMA (called UMTS) and
TD-SCDMA
(Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access)
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High-Speed Packet Data Services
2 Mbps in fixed or in-building environments (very
short distances, in the order of metres)

384 kbps in pedestrian or urban environments

144 kbps in wide area mobile environments

Variable data rates in large geographic area systems
(satellite)
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Network Elements from UMTS
UMTS differs from GSM Phase 2+ (GSM +GPRS) mostly in the new
principles for the air interface transmission
WCDMA instead of TDMA/FDMA
Therefore a new RAN (Radio Access Network) called:
UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network)
must be introduced with UMTS
Only minor modifications are needed in the CN (Core Network) to
accommodate the change
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UMTS:
1. UMTS will be compatible with 2G systems

2. UMTS will use the same frequency spectrum
everywhere in the world

3. UMTS will be a global system

4. UMTS will provide multimedia and internet services

5. UMTS will provide QoS guarantees.

6. Circuit and packet switched bearers
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Handover
Seamless handover between cells of one operator
Efficient handover between UMTS and 2nd
generation
Compatibility with fixed network services
ATM bearer services
GSM services
IP based services
B/N-ISDN services
Facilities for quality of service provision
Private and residential operators
High spectrum efficiency
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Technology Aspects
Flexible radio interface based on wideband CDMA
technology
Data rates up to 2Mbps and beyond
Wide range of tele services
voice, voice related
video, video telephony
multimedia
data, Internet
broadcast, paging
Hierarchical Architecture
Satellite
Public outdoor (macro, micro cell)
Public indoor
Private indoor
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Coverage/Capacity
provide variety of initial coverage/capacity configurations
Flexible use of various cell types and relations between cells
Ability to provide cost effective coverage in rural areas
Viability of mobile terminals
Reasonable network cost and complexity
Variety of mobile terminal/station types
Security
Compatibility with IMT2000
Coexistence with other systems
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UTRA: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
The most significant change in REL. 99 was the UTRAN,
a W-CDMA radio interface for land-based communications.
UTRAN supports time (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD).
The TDD mode is optimized for public micro and pico cells and
unlicensed cordless applications.
The FDD mode is optimized for wide-area coverage, i.e. public
macro and micro cells.
Both modes offer flexible and dynamic data rates up to 2 Mbps.
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Release 99 Major RAN release March 2000
New radio interface WCDMA
New RAN architecture
New CN-AC interface
Open Service architecture for services
GSM-UMTS Internetworking
Release 4 Minor release March 2001
UTRAN access with QoS enhancements
CS domain evolution, MSC servers and MGWs, based on IP
protocols
IP Header Compression
Location services enhancements, MMS, WAP..
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Release 5 Major core network release March 2002
IP Multimedia Services Subsystems
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) signalling,
registration, session initiation, IMS
security architecture
Usage of Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
protocols (IPv6, SIP)
SIP-based service environemtn
QoS for IMS
WCDMA enhancements (IP transport)
Release 6 IMS Part II Dec 2003
IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Phase 2
Optimized voice communications
Presence, Instant Messaging, Group Management
Conferencing
UMTS/VLAN(virtual local area network) inter-
working
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UMTS capabilities with new technologies

HSPDA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) It is a
packet-based data service in WCDMA downlink with
data transmission up to 8-10 Mbps (and 20 Mbps for MIMO
systems) over a 5 MHz bandwidth
Release 5: specifications focus on HSDPA to provide data rates up
to approximately 10 Mbps to support packet-based multimedia
services MIMO Systems are the work item in release 6
specifications, which will support even higher data transmission
rates up to 20 Mbps. HSDPA is evolved from and backward
compatible with release 99.
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UMTS architecture
UTRAN (UTRA NETWORK)
Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)
UE (User Equipment)
CN (Core Network)
Uu Iu
CN UTRAN UE
GSM Architecture / GSM Radio
Local
area
network
Server
Router
Local
area
network
Server
Router
Corporate 2
Corporate 1
Intra-PLMN
backbone
network
(IP based)
Serving GPRS
Support Node
(SGSN)
Gateway GPRS
Support Node
(GGSN)
GPRS
INFRASTRUCTURE
HLR/AuC
MSC
BSC
BTS
Packet
network
PSTN
Packet
network
SS7
Network
Packet
network
Data
network
(Internet)
Packet
network
Inter-PLMN
Backbone
network
Border
Gateway (BG)
Gb
Gr
Gd
Gi.IP
Firewall
Firewall
Um
SMS-GMSC
Gr
Gd
Gs
Gs
Gp
Gn
Gn
EIR
MAP-F
A
Gc
UMTS Architecture / WCDMA
Local
area
network
Server
Router
Local
area
network
Server
Router
Corporate 2
Corporate 1
Intra-PLMN
backbone
network
(IP based)
Serving GPRS
Support Node
(SGSN)
Gateway GPRS
Support Node
(GGSN)
GPRS
INFRASTRUCTURE
HLR/AuC
MSC
RNC
Node B
Packet
network
PSTN
Packet
network
SS7
Network
Packet
network
Data
network
(Internet)
Packet
network
Inter-PLMN
Backbone
network
Border
Gateway (BG)
Iu
Gr
Gd
Gi.IP
Firewall
Firewall
Uu
SMS-GMSC
Gr
Gd
Gs
Gs
Gp
Gn
Gn
EIR
MAP-F
Iu
Gc
The Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
Mobility Management
Authentication
Gathers Charging Information
Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
Gateway between UMTS Core Network and external networks
Address allocation for MS
Gathers Charging Information
Filtering
Base Station Subsystem (BSS) / Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)
BSS
BSC
BTS
RNS
RNC
Node-B




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UTRAN
Two new network elements
are introduced in UTRAN
RNC
Node B
UTRAN is subdivided
into individual radio
network systems (RNSs),
where each RNS is
controlled by an RNC.
The RNC is connected to
a set of Node B elements,
each of which can serve
one or several cells.
UTRAN architecture
UTRAN comprises several RNSs

Node B can support FDD or TDD
or both

RNC is responsible for handover
decisions requiring signaling to the
UE

Cell offers FDD or TDD

RNC: Radio Network Controller
RNS: Radio Network Subsystem
Node B
Node B
RNC
I
ub
Node B
UE
1
RNS
CN
Node B
Node B
RNC
I
ub
Node B
RNS
I
ur
Node B
UE
2
UE
3
I
u
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UTRAN functions
Admission control
Congestion control
Radio channel encryption
Handover
Radio network configuration
Channel quality measurements
Radio resource control
Data transmission over the radio interface
Outer loop power control (FDD and TDD)
Channel coding
Core network
BTS
Node B
BSC
A
bis
BTS
BSS
MSC
Node B
Node B
RNC
I
ub
Node B
RNS
Node B
SGSN GGSN
GMSC
HLR
VLR
I
u
PS

I
u
CS

I
u
CN
EIR
G
n
G
i
PSTN

AuC
The Core Network (CN) and the Interface I
u
, are separated into two logical domains:
Circuit Switched Domain (CSD)
Circuit switched service incl. signaling
Resource reservation at connection setup
GSM components (MSC, GMSC, VLR)
I
u
CS
Packet Switched Domain (PSD)
GPRS components (SGSN, GGSN)
I
u
PS
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A case of 3 cell repetitions
Frequency Allocation
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2
FDMA / TDMA CDMA
Same frequency in all cells.
UTRA W-CDMA Radio Interface
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Channel bandwidth :5MHz (10Mhz, 20Mhz)

Chip rate : 3.84Mchip/s

Frame length :10ms

Channelisation spreading :variable spreading

Data modulation :QPSK(downlink), BPSK (uplink)

Spreading modulation :Balanced QPSK (downlink)
Dual-channel QPSK (uplink)

Spreading factors :4 256

Handover :Soft handover
Interfrequency handover