This document provides information about HIV and AIDS, including:
1. It defines HIV as a virus that causes AIDS by attacking and destroying white blood cells, specifically CD4 cells, which weakens the immune system.
2. AIDS is defined as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome that occurs at the final stage of HIV infection when the immune system is severely damaged and opportunistic infections can occur.
3. The main ways HIV is transmitted are through unprotected sexual contact, blood transfusions, sharing needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. Proper treatment and prevention methods can help reduce transmission.
This document provides information about HIV and AIDS, including:
1. It defines HIV as a virus that causes AIDS by attacking and destroying white blood cells, specifically CD4 cells, which weakens the immune system.
2. AIDS is defined as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome that occurs at the final stage of HIV infection when the immune system is severely damaged and opportunistic infections can occur.
3. The main ways HIV is transmitted are through unprotected sexual contact, blood transfusions, sharing needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. Proper treatment and prevention methods can help reduce transmission.
This document provides information about HIV and AIDS, including:
1. It defines HIV as a virus that causes AIDS by attacking and destroying white blood cells, specifically CD4 cells, which weakens the immune system.
2. AIDS is defined as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome that occurs at the final stage of HIV infection when the immune system is severely damaged and opportunistic infections can occur.
3. The main ways HIV is transmitted are through unprotected sexual contact, blood transfusions, sharing needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. Proper treatment and prevention methods can help reduce transmission.
This document provides information about HIV and AIDS, including:
1. It defines HIV as a virus that causes AIDS by attacking and destroying white blood cells, specifically CD4 cells, which weakens the immune system.
2. AIDS is defined as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome that occurs at the final stage of HIV infection when the immune system is severely damaged and opportunistic infections can occur.
3. The main ways HIV is transmitted are through unprotected sexual contact, blood transfusions, sharing needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. Proper treatment and prevention methods can help reduce transmission.
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HIV AIDS
Dr. Ninad Jhala
National Evaluator - UNAIDS Consultant & Trainer WHO & UNICEF
KNOW AIDS FOR NO AIDS
HIV - AIDS
H- HUMAN
I - IMMUNO DEFICIENCY
V - VIRUS
A - ACQUIRED
I - IMMUNO
D- DEFICIENCY
S- SYNDROME
The difference between HIV and AIDS HIV causes AIDS HIV is a virus and AIDS is a disease AIDSdeficiency in the bodys defense mechanism or immune system AIDS is acquired, not hereditary HIV develops into AIDS depending on the bodys defence mechanism
WHAT IS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM? Immune system defends the body WBCs are the most important part of this system WBCs fight and destroy bacteria, viruses and fungi that may enter the body
How does HIV weaken the immune system? HIV enters the body WBCs are attacked by HIV The virus multiplies inside WBCs and infects other WBCs Infected WBCs are eventually destroyed Reduction in total count of WBCs Result greatly reduced immunity
Does HIV-positive mean a person has AIDS?
No A person infected with HIV has AIDS when: 1. Their immune system is totally destroyed. 2. They suffer from many opportunistic infections. Transmission of HIV HIV is transmitted by Direct contact with infected blood Sexual contact: oral, anal, or vaginal Direct contact with semen or vaginal and cervical secretions HIV-infected mothers to infants during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding
Routes of HIV Transmission BODY FLUIDS NOT CONTAINING HIV
Following body fluids do not contain HIV if not contaminated with blood. Saliva Tears Sweat Urine Stool High Risk Groups Female Sex Workers Men Having Sex With Men (MSM) Injecting Drug Users
Bridge Population Clients of sex workers Partners of IDUs Migrant / mobile populations Truck drivers
General Population Married women Babies and Children Youth Men
Effect of Bridge Populations on HIV General Population Married women Babies and Children Youth Men
High-risk Populations Sex Workers Trafficked women Men who have sex with men Needle sharing drug users
Bridge Populations Clients of sex workers Partners of IDUs Migrant / mobile populations Truck drivers Population in conflict DIAGNOSIS Blood Tests: Available free at Govt. Hospitals Window Period (6 weeks 6 months) Test is negative in initial period PRE-REQUISITES FOR HIV TESTING Pre-test counselling Informed consent Maintain confidentiality Avoid unnecessary testing
Prevention of HIV Transmission Public health strategies to prevent HIV transmission Screen all blood and blood products Follow universal precautions Educate in safer sex practices Identify and treat STIs/other infections Provide referral for treatment of drug dependence Apply the comprehensive PPTCT approach to prevent vertical transmission of HIV Factors that Put Youth at Risk Early age at first sexual intercourse Risk-taking behaviors as part of the transition to adulthood A belief of being invulnerable (it cannot happen to me) Boys feeling pressure to prove their manhood Generally low levels of condom use Tendency of sexually active youth to have multiple sexual partners Vulnerability to sexual coercion and abuse Cont: Factors that Put Youth at Risk Use of sex to ease loneliness, boost self-esteem, and gain respect
Lack of skill in negotiating sexual decisions
Exchange of sex for basic needs such as school fees, clothes, food, or shelter
High prevalence of STIs, which increase the likelihood of acquiring and transmitting HIV
Improper treatment of STIs (or no treatment at all)
Experimentation with alcohol and drugs, which are associated with high-risk sexual behavior Cont: Factors that Put Youth at Risk Parents, adults - hesitant or ill-prepared to talk to youth about sex.
Peers and media are main source of information (friends may be equally uninformed and the media tend to promote sexuality without a focus on responsibility and safety).
Thus lack the information they need to make safe, healthy decisions. Can HIV be cured? NO! Drugs are available to manage the disease, but HIV stays in the body forever!
PROBLEM: RNA viruses mutate at a very high rate. A person with HIV under control can evolve resistance to the drug treatments. Some infected persons have several strains of HIV in their bodies. ART- Antiretroviral therapy Development of ART has dramatically reduced HIV associated morbidity and mortality Very high levels of adherence are a pre- requisite for a successful immunological response Low adherence increases the risk of treatment failure and disease progression
Take Home Message Abstinence Monogamous Relationship Protected Sex Sterile needles Use of safe blood ONLY ONE PERSON IN THE WORLD CAN PROTECT YOU FROM HIV/AIDS THATS YOU