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    Kashmir Controversy: Ven Merja

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    anikethbh
    The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute over the Kashmir region between India, Pakistan, and China. Before independence from Britain in 1947, Kashmir was ruled by a Hindu maharaja, though the population was mostly Muslim. At independence, Kashmir's ruler wanted to remain neutral but faced attack from Pakistani tribesmen. He then signed Kashmir over to India. This led to the first India-Pakistan war over Kashmir, with a ceasefire leaving control divided along the Line of Control. Subsequent wars and agreements have failed to resolve the dispute.

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    Kashmir Controversy: Ven Merja

    Uploaded by

    anikethbh
    89 views12 pages
    The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute over the Kashmir region between India, Pakistan, and China. Before independence from Britain in 1947, Kashmir was ruled by a Hindu maharaja, though the population was mostly Muslim. At independence, Kashmir's ruler wanted to remain neutral but faced attack from Pakistani tribesmen. He then signed Kashmir over to India. This led to the first India-Pakistan war over Kashmir, with a ceasefire leaving control divided along the Line of Control. Subsequent wars and agreements have failed to resolve the dispute.

    Original Description:

    Constitution of Kasmir

    Original Title

    Kashmir

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    The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute over the Kashmir region between India, Pakistan, and China. Before independence from Britain in 1947, Kashmir was ruled by a Hindu maharaja, though the population was mostly Muslim. At independence, Kashmir's ruler wanted to remain neutral but faced attack from Pakistani tribesmen. He then signed Kashmir over to India. This led to the first India-Pakistan war over Kashmir, with a ceasefire leaving control divided along the Line of Control. Subsequent wars and agreements have failed to resolve the dispute.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    89 views12 pages

    Kashmir Controversy: Ven Merja

    Uploaded by

    anikethbh
    The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute over the Kashmir region between India, Pakistan, and China. Before independence from Britain in 1947, Kashmir was ruled by a Hindu maharaja, though the population was mostly Muslim. At independence, Kashmir's ruler wanted to remain neutral but faced attack from Pakistani tribesmen. He then signed Kashmir over to India. This led to the first India-Pakistan war over Kashmir, with a ceasefire leaving control divided along the Line of Control. Subsequent wars and agreements have failed to resolve the dispute.

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    of 12

    Presented by

    Ven Merja


    The Kashmir conflict is a territorial dispute
    over Kashmir.



    There are total 4 parties involved in this
    dispute India, Pakistan, China and the
    people of Kashmir.
    Partition and dispute

    Before Independence from British in 1947 from
    1820, Kashmir was ruled by the Maharaja of
    Kashmir who was Hindu although the majority of
    the population were Muslim, except the Jammu
    region.

    The partition was made on religious lines resulting
    in to the formation of two separate countries
    India and Pakistan. Pakistan insisted that Kashmir
    should be given to it.

    Because of its location,
    Kashmir could choose
    to join either India or
    Pakistan. Maharaja
    Hari Singh was the
    ruler of Kashmir.
    Unable to decide which
    nation Kashmir should
    join, Hari Singh chose
    to remain neutral.
    Indo-Pakistani War of 1947
    But his hopes of remaining
    independent were dashed in October
    1947, as Pakistan sent in Muslim
    tribesmen who were knocking at the
    gates of the capital Srinagar.

    Hari Singh appealed to the Indian
    government for military assistance
    and fled to India. He signed the
    Instrument of Accession, giving up
    Kashmir to India on October 26. The
    Instrument of Accession of Kashmir
    to India was accepted by Viceroy Lord
    Mountbatten of Burma.
    India and Pakistan fought the first
    war over Kashmir in 1947-48. India
    referred the dispute to the United
    Nations. In a resolution, the UN asked
    Pakistan to remove its troops, after
    which India was also to withdraw the
    bulk of its forces.

    India was confident that it will win the
    referendum, because Sheikh
    Abdullah, the most influential
    Kashmiri mass leader, was firmly on
    its side. Hence an emergency Govt.
    was formed on October 30, 1948 with
    Sheikh Abdullah as the Prime
    Minister.
    LOC LINE OF CONTROL
    Pakistan ignored the UN mandate and
    continued fighting, holding on to the
    portion of Kashmir under its control.
    On January 1, 1949, a ceasefire was
    agreed, with 65 % of the territory
    under Indian control and the
    remaining 35% with Pakistan.

    The ceasefire was intended to be
    temporary, but the Line of Control
    remains the military control line
    between the Indian and Pakistani-
    controlled parts of the state of Jammu
    & Kashmir.
    Tashkent agreement
    In 1957, Kashmir was incorporated into the Indian
    Union. It was given a special status under Article 370 of
    India's constitution, which ensures, among other things,
    that non-Kashmiri Indians cannot buy property there.

    Fighting broke out again in 1965, but a ceasefire was
    established. Indian Prime Minister, Lal Bhadur Shastri,
    and Pakistani President, M Ayub Khan, signed the
    Tashkent agreement on January 1, 1966.

    They resolved to try to end the dispute, but the death of
    Mr Shastri and the rise of Gen Yahya Khan in Pakistan
    resulted in stalemate (deadlock).
    Simla Agreement
    In 1971 a third war, resulting in
    the formation of Bangladesh was
    broken out and India declared
    war on December 3, 1971. When
    Indians entered 50 km into the
    area of Pakistan, a ceasefire was
    reached.

    In 1972 Indira Gandhi, the Indian
    prime minister, and Zulfikar Ali
    Bhutto signed the Simla
    Agreement, which repeated the
    promises made in Tashkent.

    Infiltration of Pakistani guerrillas
    The status quo was maintained until 1989. Thereafter
    Pakistani guerrillas struck in the Indian Kashmir valley.
    They established a reign of terror and drove out almost
    all the Hindus from the valley. Meanwhile Indian and
    Pakistani troops regularly exchanged fire at the border.

    India and Pakistan both tested nuclear devices in 1998,
    and then in 1999 test-fired missiles. When the Indian
    Prime Minister, Atal Behari Vajpayee, visited Lahore by
    bus in 1999, the world felt that such a genuine effort at
    friendly neighborhood relations would lower the tension
    along the LOC.
    Kargil War & Cross-border
    troubles
    But, again the cross-LOC firing in Kargil began
    during the mid-1998. Indian forces drove them out
    fighting bravely. The death toll, including both
    soldiers and civilians, was more than 30,000.

    India argued that the infiltrators were trained and
    armed by Pakistan, and based in "Azad Kashmir"
    with the full knowledge of the Pakistani government.
    Pakistan said that they were freedom fighters (!)
    from Kashmir and that it was giving only moral
    support.
    A Few Questions to Ponder over
    Was Mr. Jawaharlal Nehru mainly
    responsible for the Kashmir issue?
    Why India always takes soft stand?
    Shouldnt we be offensive rather than
    defensive?
    Shouldnt the Article 370 of India's
    constitution be removed?
    Isnt Kashmir our Natinal Pride ?
    Shall we allow Pak to snetch it from
    us ? NEVER.

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