India’s Infrastructure

By :-
Abhishek Agrawal ( 03)
Vaibhav Shah (29) (29)

1
 Content
• Trends in Infrastructure
• Sector wise projected Investment in Infrastructure
• Power
• Ports
• Aviation
• Roads & Transportation
• Telecommunication
• Railways
• SEZ
• Urban infrastructure
• Rural infrastructure
• Water resources
• References

2
TRENDS IN INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR
Items Unit 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03
Energy              
Coal Mn.
Production Tonnes 3.6 -2.1 3.1 3.5 4.2 5.1
Electricity
generated bn. Kwh 6.6 6.6 7.2 3.9 3.1 3.7
Hydel bn. Kwh 8.5 11.1 -2.5 -7.6 -0.7 -9.6
Thermal
( including
nulcear) bn. Kwh 6.2 5.7 9.3 6.3 3.8 6.1
Petroleum              
mn
crude oil tonnes 3 -3.4 -2.4 1.5 -1.2 3.7
Refinery mn
throughput tonnes 3.7 5.2 25.4 20.3 3.8 3.6
mn
Steel tonnes 6.3 1.4 15 6.5 2.5 8.1
mn
Cement tonnes 9.1 5.7 14.2 -0.9 7.4 9.7

3
 Continue…
Items Unit 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03
Transports &
communication              
Railways revenue mn
earning-goods traffic tonnes 5 -2 8.4 3.7 4 6.5
cargo handled at mn
major ports tonnes 10.7 0 8 3.4 2.3 8.7
New tephone 000
communication number
provided s 27.1 16.4 29.7 27.2 23.9 17
Civil Aviation              
000
Export cargo handled tonnes 6.2 -3.9 10.3 4.9 -0.2 13.9
Import cargo 000
handled tonnes -5.9 -0.5 15.4 4.9 1.6 20.3
Passengers handled
at international
terminals mn 4.6 1 2.9 5.4 -2.7 7.4
Passengers handled
at domestic
terminals mn -1.8 0.9 6.9 8.8 -5.8 8.8

4
SECTOR WISE PROJECTED INVESTMENT IN INFRASTRUCTURE DURING 11TH FIVE YEAR PLAN (2007-12)

SECTOR INVESTMENT IN CRORE SECTORAL SHARE ( %)

Electricity 616526 30.50
Roads 311816 15.40
Telecom 267001 13.20
Railways 255000 12.60
Irrigation 217722 10.80
Ports 73941 3.70
Airports 34697 1.70
Others 242006 14.34
Total ( including others) 2018709 100
Public sector 1422176 70.4
Private sector 596533 29.6

5
 SECTOR WISE PROJECTED INVESTMENT IN
INFRASTRUCTURE DURING 11TH FIVE YEAR PLAN (2007-12)

12%
4% 2%
35%

Electricity
14% Roads
Telecom
Railways
Irrigation
Ports
Airports

15% 18%

6
POWER

7
GROWTH IN GDP & POWER GENERATION

8
 Distribution of installed capacity as on 31-12-2007

25%

Thermal
3%
RES
Nuclear
Hydro

8% 64%

9
 Power supply position – all-India
Period Peak Peak Peak Peak Energy Energy Energy Energy

Demand met Deficit/ Deficit Requirement availability Deficit/ Deficit

         
Surplus Surplus Surplus Surplus
  (MW) (MW) (MW) (%) (MU) (MU) (MU) (%)

9th Plan end 81,555 71,262 -10,293 -12.6 5,22,537 4,83,350 -39,187 -7.5

2002-03 81,492 71,547 -9,945 -12.2 5,45,983 4,97,890 -48,093 -8.8

2003-04 84,574 75,066 -9,508 -11.2 5,59,264 5,19,398 -39,866 -7.1

2004-05 87,906 77,652 -10,254 -11.7 5,91,373 5,48,115 -43,258 -7.3

2005-06 93,255 81,792 -11,463 -12.3 6,31,757 5,78,819 -52,938 -8.4

2006-07 1,00,715 86,818 -13,897 -13.8 6,90,587 6,24,495 -66,092 -9.6

Apr-Dec 2007 1,06,624 90,793 -15,831 -14.8 5,43,394 4,97,793 -45,601 -8.4

10
 Eleventh plan power capacity
addition targets (MW & per cent)

The National Electricity Policy (NEP),2005 recognizes electricity as a

“basic human need” and targets a rise in per capita availability from
631 units to 1,000 units per annum by the end of 2012.

Sector Hydro Thermal Nuclear Total Share (%)

(MW)
Central 9,685 26,800 3,380 39,865 50.7
State 3,605 24,347 0 27,952 35.5
Private 3,263 7,497 0 10,760 13.8
Total 16,553 58,644 3,380 78,577
Share (%) 21.1 74.6 4.4 100

11
 Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidhyuti-karan Yojana
(RGGVY) : Progress

• 27 States and their utilities have signed the memorandum of

agreement (MoA)

• Four CPSUs— (PGCIL), (NTPC), (NHPC),(DVC)—have been allocated

139 districts for implementation of RGGVY

• At present 235 projects are under implementation covering 67,012

unelectrified villages and 83.1 lakh BPL households at the awarded
cost of Rs. 12386.03 crore.

• 45,430 villages have been electrified and 18,25,508 connections to

BPL households have been released.

12
PORTS

13
 MAJOR PORTS OF INDIA
• JNPT
• Chennai
• Cochin
• Visakhapatnam
• Kandla
• Mormugao
• Paradip
• New Mangalore
• Tuticorin
• Ennore
14
 Trends in traffic at major ports

commodity 2005-06 2006-07 APRIL-OCT GROWTH (%)

MT MT 2006 2007 2006 2007
POL 142.1 154.3 84.6 95.9 8.6 13.4
Iron Ore 79.2 80.6 42.9 47.7 1.8 11.2
Fertilizer & Raw
Materials
12.2 14.9 7.5 9.4 22.1 25.3

Foodgrains 2.1 5.0 2.5 1.1 138.1 (-)0.56

Coal 58.8 60.0 32.8 36.8 2.0 12.2
Vegetable Oil 3.9 3.6 2.5 2.5 7.7 -
Other Liquids 10.8 10.9 6.0 7.0 0.9 16.6
Containerized
Cargo
62.0 73.4 40.8 50.9 18.4 24.8

Others 52.5 61.1 33.9 37.3 16.4 10.0

TOTAL 423.6 463.8 253.5 288.6 9.5 13.9

15
 Selected performance indicators for major ports

Name of Port Average pre-berthing waiting Average Average turnaround time (days)
turnaround time (days) time hours - on port A/c
2005-06 2006-07 April-Oct 2007 2005-06 2006-07 Apr-oct 2007
Kolkata ( KDS) 0.09 0.13 - 4.12 3.89 4.51
Kolkata ( haldia 30.37 26.05 27.82 4.0 3.97 4.24
dock complex)
Mumbai 4.8 5.22 5.47 4.09 4.63 4.30
JNPT 7.40 5.45 8.88 1.96 1.67 1.79

Chennai 0.90 0.8 1.00 3.30 3.40 3.80

Cochin 2.94 0.29 1.46 2.13 2.19 2.08

Visakhapatnam 1.54 4.78 7.83 3.80 3.65 4.08

Kandla 19.68 35.28 21.12 4.39 5.46 4.62

Mormugao 17.58 19.34 22.60 4.08 4.46 3.74

Paradip 1.48 1.41 23.22 3.55 3.54 6.04

New
Mangalore
0.96 1.87 5.52 3.00 3.14 3.69

Tuticorin 3.06 3.22 3.60 2.83 3.67 3.57

En no re 0.36 0.31 0.91 2.23 1.89 2.08

All Major
Ports
8.77 10.05 11.17 3.50 3.62 3.79

16
 Some facts about Indian Ports
• The country’s coastline of 7,517 km, spread over 13 States, is studded with
12 major ports and 200 non-major ports.

• The total traffic carried by both the major and minor ports during 2006-07
was estimated at around 650 MT

• Despite having adequate capacity and modern handling facilities, the

average turnaround time of 3.6 days, compared with 10 hours in Hong
Kong, undermines the competitiveness of Indian ports.

• The Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT), India’s largest container port, handled
roughly 3.3 million TEUs in 2006-07

17
AVIATION

18
Passenger and cargo traffic by air

19
 STATISTICS OF INDIAN AIR TRANSPORT
2004-05 2005-06 % Change
Fleet Size ( No.) 184 243 32.1
Aircraft Departure per 847 1012 19.5
day ( No.)
Passengers carried per 67,866 86,992 28.2
day ( No.)
Growth in Passenger 68.4 68.0 --
Traffic ( %)
Cargo carried per day 978.9 1010 3.2
( Tonnes )

20
ROADS & TRANSPOTATION

21
 NHDP & other NHAI projects (as
on November 30, 2007)
NHDP
Total Completed % completed Under implementation Balance for
Development
No. of awards of civil
  Length 4 - Lane   Length ( km)
contracts works
GQ 5,846 5629 96.29% 217 25 -

NS-EW 7,300 1,559 21.36% 4,762 148 821

Port connectivity 380 163 42.89% 211 8 6

Other NHs 962 337 35.03% 605 16 20

NHDP Phase-III 12,109 274 2.26% 1,801 32 10,034

NHDP Phase-V 6,500 -   148 2 6352

Total 33,097 7962   7944 231 17233

22
 Financial structure of NHAI
( In Crores)
Year Cess Funds Borrowings Budgetary
External Assistance
support
    Grant Loan    

1999-2000 1,032.0 492.0 — 656.6 -

2000-0 1 1,800.0 461.0 120.0 804.4 -

2001-02 2,100.0 887.0 113.0 5,592.9 -

2002-03 2,000.00 1,202.0 301.0 - -

-
2003-04 1,993.00 1,159.0 290.0
-
-
2004-05 1,848.00 1,239.0 361.0
-
2005-06 3,269.7 2,400.0 500.0 1,289.0 700.0

2006-07 6,407.5 1,582.5 395.5 1,500.0 110.0

2007-08 6,541.5 1,788.8 447.2 2,000.0 265.0

23
TELECOMMUNICATION

24
Number of fixed and wireless telephones

25
 Number of telephones (end of month)

  Mar-04 Mar-05 Mar-06 Mar-07 Dec-07

Fixed lines 40.92 41.42 40.23 40.77 39.25
CDMA 9.46 15.92 32.67 44.62 61.40
GSM 26.15 41.03 69.19 120.47 172.23
Wireless
(CDMA & 35.61 56.95 101.86 165.09 233.63
GSM)
Gross Total 76.53 98.37 142.09 205.86 272.88
Annual growth  
40.0 28.5 44.4 44.8
(%)

• Figures in million
• Souce : Department of Telecommunication
26
Railways

27
 Railways
• World’s second largest rail network.
• Contributing industrial and economic
development.
• Since more than 150 years
• Two major segments
1.Freight traffic
2.Passenger traffic

28
Growth of manufacturing and rail freight traffic

29
 Analysis
• Improvement in performance
• From 2005-06 and 2006-07
• Increased wagon load
• Faster turn around time
• More rational policy
• 95mn tones of incremental traffic per year
• 1100 revenue earning freight traffic
• By the end of 11th Five year plan.

30
 Performance of the Indian Railways

   
April-December Change overprevious
   
year (per cent)

Particulars 2005-06 2006-07 2006-07 2007-08 2006-07 2007-08

Total revenue earning            
1.
freight
traffic (mill.tonnes) 666.51 727.75 527.95 571.35 9.2 8.2
i)Coal 294.25 313.33 226.17 245.26 6.5 8.4

ii) Raw mat from steel

51.35 53.22 39.12 40.35 3.6 3.1
plant(excl. coal)
iii)Pig iron & finished steel
from
steel plants 17.74 21.04 15 16.24 18.6 8.3

iv)Iron ore for export 41.24 38.84 28.57 38.28 -5.8 34.0

31
 Contd...
v)Cement 61.19 73.13 53.94 56.66 19.5 5.0
vi)Foodgrains 41.64 41.84 29.08 25.65 0.5 -11.8
vii)Fertilizers 32.65 34.26 26.61 28.01 4.9 5.3
viii)POL 33.45 31.69 25.89 26.27 -5.3 1.5
ix)Balance
93 120.4 83.57 94.3 29.5 12.8
(other goods)
Net tonne
2.kilometres 439.6 480.99 346.26 367.6 9.4 6.2
(billion)
Net tonne
kms./
3. 2,960 3,242 3,075 3,266 9.5 6.2
wagon/day(B
G)
Passenger
4.traffic orig. 5,725 6,219 4,642 4,900 8.6 5.6
(million)
Passenger
5.kilometres 616 695 520 551 12.8 6.0
(billion)

32
SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE (SEZ)

33
 SEZ
• Special economic zones

• Geographical area created with

extended benefits

• Broadened Horizons
34
35
 Salient Features
• Opportunities for all

• Provisions for sector Specific SEZ

• 100% FDI Permitted

• Net foreign exchange earner

• Treatment of goods from DTA’s

36
37
38
URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE

39
 Urban Infrastructure
• Includes three major components
1) Urban water and sanitation
2) Solid waste management
3) Urban transport
• Most services are provided by Municipal
Corporations and Municipalities
• 2001:- 285.35 mn total people- 28%
• Expected to grow to 40% by 2020-21

40
 Projects during 1998-2008
Project Total cost Year of Year of
(bn) approval completion

Urban water and sanitation

Kerala water supply 24.15 2004-05 2009-10
Brihan Mumbai storm water drainage 18.00 2006-07 2009-10
Urban and environmental infrastructure 16.99 1999-00 2004-05
facility
Rajasthan urban infrastructure 15.41 1998-99 2009-10
development
Solid waste management
Kolkata improvement project 1.77 2005-06 2010-11
Cuttack urban services improvement 0.84 1997-98 2002-03
Urban transport
Delhi Metro project (phase1) 105.71 1997-98 2006-07
IT corridor in Chennai 17.00 2004-05 2008-09
Kerala state transport project 16.39 2002-03 2008-09 41
80

Budgetary support to MoUD

70

60

50

40 Central plan outlay

Actual expenditure

30

20

10

0 42
1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
 Analysis
• Budgetary support to MoUD

• Increased by about two and a half times

• From 1998-99 to 2007-08

• External assistance led to major increase

43
RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

44
Rural Infrastructure and Services Commons

• Two levels
1. Infrastructure
2. Services
• I-level includes power,telecom,physical plant
• S-level includes
market,education,health,informational

45
 Rural electrification pending status as on
31.12.07
Percentage
70

60

50

40

30 Percentage

20

10

0
at aka K sh sh al al rh kim ra sh pur ram sam han and laya ura esh issa ihar and
jar at J& de ade ng nch sga ht ade i t l
Or
u rn r a r Be
ra atti Sik
ra
s r an izo As jas ga ha Trip Prad B kh
G
K a l P a P
est
tt a h ha r P M M Ra Na eg l har
ha y U C a a M h a J
ac dh W M Utt ac
m a n
Hi M
Ar
u
46
 Analysis
• 1,06,381 villages yet to be electrified
• Mission power for all by 2012
• Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana
• Access to electricity to every village by 2009

47
WATER RESOURCES

48
 Water Resources
• Problems
1.Poorly maintained pipe network
2.Inadequate assets
3.Low quality of water
4.Lack of clearly defined traffic policy
5.Lack of financing mechanism

49
 Cont.
• Responsibility of urban local bodies
• Fiscal authority rest with state govt.
• Govt launched Jawaharlal Nehru National
Urban Renewal Mission in 2005
• In 1947 we had 6000 metric cubes of water
now 1,250
• Dependent on ground water than surface
water
50
 Cont.
• Irrigation and water resources finance
corporation to be set up.
• With initian corpus of 100 crore
• Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka
have signed
• $738 mn agreement with world bank
• To repair renovate and restore water bodies.

51
 REFERENCES
• Indian economy by -
Ruddar Datt, K.P.M Sundharam
• Indian Infrastructure reports
• Indian Economy surveys
• TATA Statistical data book on Economics
• TAXMAN Statistical data book on Economics
• Infrastructure Today
• India Infrastructure
• ICFAI general of Infrastructure
52
THANK YOU

53