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    Theory of Elasticity Governs Response - Governing Equations

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    smith12245
    The document discusses key concepts in the theory of elasticity including: - Governing equations for stress, strain, and displacement with unknowns to be solved for - Boundary and initial conditions that must be specified - Rigid body motions and displacements that result in zero strain - Examples of applying constraints and loads to beams and plates - Use of symmetry and periodicity to simplify models - Multi-point constraints and distant boundary conditions to model unbounded domains

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Theory of Elasticity Governs Response - Governing Equations

    Uploaded by

    smith12245
    46 views20 pages
    The document discusses key concepts in the theory of elasticity including: - Governing equations for stress, strain, and displacement with unknowns to be solved for - Boundary and initial conditions that must be specified - Rigid body motions and displacements that result in zero strain - Examples of applying constraints and loads to beams and plates - Use of symmetry and periodicity to simplify models - Multi-point constraints and distant boundary conditions to model unbounded domains

    Original Description:

    FEA boundry conditions

    Original Title

    FEA03-BCs

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    The document discusses key concepts in the theory of elasticity including: - Governing equations for stress, strain, and displacement with unknowns to be solved for - Boundary and initial conditions that must be specified - Rigid body motions and displacements that result in zero strain - Examples of applying constraints and loads to beams and plates - Use of symmetry and periodicity to simplify models - Multi-point constraints and distant boundary conditions to model unbounded domains

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    46 views20 pages

    Theory of Elasticity Governs Response - Governing Equations

    Uploaded by

    smith12245
    The document discusses key concepts in the theory of elasticity including: - Governing equations for stress, strain, and displacement with unknowns to be solved for - Boundary and initial conditions that must be specified - Rigid body motions and displacements that result in zero strain - Examples of applying constraints and loads to beams and plates - Use of symmetry and periodicity to simplify models - Multi-point constraints and distant boundary conditions to model unbounded domains

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    Theory of Elasticity

    Theory of elasticity governs response


    Symmetric stress & strain components

    Governing equations
    Equilibrium equations (3)
    Strain-displacement equations (6)
    Constitutive equations (6)

    Unknowns
    Stress (6)
    Strain (6)
    Displacement (3)

    Boundary & Initial


    Conditions
    Linear elastic material
    Three partial differential equations in
    displacements
    Second order in each coordinate
    Second order in time

    On a free surface in each direction


    Specify stress or displacement but not both

    Initial conditions for each direction


    specify
    Displacement and velocity

    Surface Forces
    Specify pressure (zz), shears (zx, zy)
    or
    Specify displacements (u,v,w)

    Rigid Body Motion 2D

    Rigid Body Displacements


    2D
    Strains vanish
    xx

    u
    v
    u v
    0, yy
    0, xy
    0,
    x
    y
    y x

    Integrating normal strains


    u f y , v g x

    Integrating shear strain

    f y g x 0 or g x 0 & g x constant

    Hence
    U constants)
    f y (, U,
    & fV yare
    y, g x V x
    Displacement
    u x, y U y, v x, y solution
    V x

    Reactions with Excessive


    Constraints

    Extra constraint in horizontal direction will add


    excessive stress
    Vertical constraints and loads produce point load
    infinite stresses

    Rigid Body Displacements


    3D
    All strains vanish

    xx yy zz 0, xy yz zx 0

    In terms
    of displacements
    u ui vj wk

    Integrating
    yields displacements
    u U r


    Where
    U Ui Vj Wk constant vector

    And
    x i y j z k constant vector

    Self-Equilibrating Forces
    Examples include:
    Uniform pressure (submarine or bathysphere)

    Thermal expansion

    BCs remove rigid body translations &


    rotations
    Constrain six degrees of
    freedom (3 dofs at one
    point, 2 dofs at a second
    and 1 dof at a third)

    Plate & Beam Dofs at Each


    Node
    Beam 3
    translations
    3 rotations

    Plate 3
    translations
    2 rotations

    Nastran FE Code Plate


    Elements
    All nodes for all elements types have six
    dofs
    3 for translation
    3 for rotation

    Flat plate models need dofs perpendicular


    to plane of model constrained (set to zero)
    Shells made of plate elements do not
    Solid elements need all three rotations at
    each node set to zero

    Simply Supported Beam


    Example

    Fix six dofs 5 translation and 1 rotation

    Simply Supported Beam


    Example

    Fix six dofs 5 translation and 1 rotation

    Cantilever Beam

    Fix six dofs 3 translation and 3 rotation

    Internal Surfaces & Cracks


    Cracks

    Internal Surfaces

    Hertz Contact - Gaps &


    Friction
    Hertz Contact

    Gap & Friction


    Elements

    Transformations

    X ' X cos Y sin


    Y ' X sin Y cos
    Z ' Z

    Use of Symmetry
    Makes a large problem smaller
    Axisymmetry reduces a 3D problem
    to 2D
    Recall stress & strain symmetric
    Examples:

    Periodic Boundary
    Conditions
    Stress & Strain are periodic
    Mean displacements can vary
    linearly with coordinates due to
    expansion and rotation
    For
    u1 C1 u0
    v1 v0

    Multi-Point Constraints Tying


    CX D

    c12
    c22

    ...

    ...

    c11
    c
    21

    cn1 cn 2

    or

    ... c1m

    ... c2 m

    ... ...

    ... cnm

    x1

    x2

    d1
    d
    2

    ...

    ...
    d m

    xm

    where xi are specified degrees of freedom,


    cij dj are known constants.

    Distant Boundary Conditions


    Build a sufficiently large model
    At least 20 times length of largest
    dimension of interest

    Substructure a large coarse model


    Use output from large model as input to
    a refined local model
    Use super-elements or substructuring
    Use infinite elements (when available)

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