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    Vernacular Architecture of Bali

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    smritik28
    The document discusses vernacular architecture and traditional Balinese architecture. It notes that vernacular architecture develops gradually over time based on local culture and customs. Traditional Balinese architecture is intricately designed and incorporates Hindu influences from Java. Key aspects of Balinese architecture include the tripartite floor plan (utama, madya, nista), orientation based on a mandala diagram, and use of local materials like bamboo. Courtyard designs, pavilions, shrines, and orientation based on mountains and seas are some defining characteristics.

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    Vernacular Architecture of Bali

    Uploaded by

    smritik28
    538 views23 pages
    The document discusses vernacular architecture and traditional Balinese architecture. It notes that vernacular architecture develops gradually over time based on local culture and customs. Traditional Balinese architecture is intricately designed and incorporates Hindu influences from Java. Key aspects of Balinese architecture include the tripartite floor plan (utama, madya, nista), orientation based on a mandala diagram, and use of local materials like bamboo. Courtyard designs, pavilions, shrines, and orientation based on mountains and seas are some defining characteristics.

    Original Description:

    Bali has an unique architecture,which should be studied by all.

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    The document discusses vernacular architecture and traditional Balinese architecture. It notes that vernacular architecture develops gradually over time based on local culture and customs. Traditional Balinese architecture is intricately designed and incorporates Hindu influences from Java. Key aspects of Balinese architecture include the tripartite floor plan (utama, madya, nista), orientation based on a mandala diagram, and use of local materials like bamboo. Courtyard designs, pavilions, shrines, and orientation based on mountains and seas are some defining characteristics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    538 views23 pages

    Vernacular Architecture of Bali

    Uploaded by

    smritik28
    The document discusses vernacular architecture and traditional Balinese architecture. It notes that vernacular architecture develops gradually over time based on local culture and customs. Traditional Balinese architecture is intricately designed and incorporates Hindu influences from Java. Key aspects of Balinese architecture include the tripartite floor plan (utama, madya, nista), orientation based on a mandala diagram, and use of local materials like bamboo. Courtyard designs, pavilions, shrines, and orientation based on mountains and seas are some defining characteristics.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    I

    Vernaculararchitectureisthearchitectureformedbyagradualprocessoflongandrepeatedaccordingtothebehavior, customs, and culture intheplaceoforigin.


    Vernacular,derivedfromthetermvernacullusmeanslocal natives.
    Establishmentofarchitecturetakesplacesgraduallytaking a lot of time such that the attitude of the people as such will form roots of architecture.
    Inthisbackground,Indonesiaisvast,hasmanyislands,alotofculturaldifferencesandArchitectureisoneoftheparametersofthecultureinIndonesiabecauseitisusuallyassociatedwiththearchitectureofthesocialsystemi.ethefamily,throughreligiousrituals.FromthewesttotheNorthandthevariednatureresource,
    geographicalcharactersleadtodifferentcharactersofform.

    BaliisoneprovinceofIndonesia.
    ItisfamousforUniqueCulture,varietyofdances,
    performingarts,carvingandtraditionalpanting,
    weavingandjewelry.
    AlsoTraditionalBalineseArchitectureissointricate,
    balancedandhasdifferentcoloursindiversityof
    IndonesiaArchitecture.
    ThewordBaliissynonymouswithbeauty
    ofculture,ofspiritandofform.

    Theseareenvironmentswherethephysical
    formsofdwellingsandsettlementsare
    entwinedwithreligious,cultural,andsocial
    systems.
    Buttotheinitiatedtownsman,villager,or
    priest,theenvironmentshaveaprofound
    influenceonreligious,social,mental,and
    evenphysicalwell-being.Environmentslike
    thesestillexistinBali.

    FACTORS WHICH DEFINE BALINESE ARCHITECTURE

    1) BALINESE HINDUISM:

    Trade links: Indian religiousbeliefsinSoutheastAsiadatefromthetimeofChristwhen


    Indianmerchantsfirstbegantodeveloptradelinkswiththeregion.

    Influences:BalineseHinduismhowever,probablyowesmoretoJavaneseinfluences
    betweenthe14thand16thcenturiesthanitdoesdirectlytotheIndiansubcontinent.

    Impact of Hindu- Buddhist kingdoms:ThiswastheeraofthemightyEastJavanese


    Majapahitempirewhosepoliticalandculturalinfluence,atitsheight,extendedover
    muchoftheIndonesianarchipelagoincludingBali.TheMajapahitdynastywasthelast
    inalonglineofHindu-BuddhistkingdomsinJavawhichinearliercenturieshadbeen
    responsibleforbuildingthegreattemplecomplexesatBorobudurandprambanan.

    Overtime,theseculturalorientationsbecameassimilatedaspartoftheIslandsunique
    culturaltradition,givingrisetoasingularlyBalinesestyleofHinduism,shotthroughwith
    Buddhistinfluencesandinfiltratedbyindegenousanimism.

    a) TRI ANGA Room Hierarchy :


    Tri Anga is system ofdividezoneorPlanAreaofTraditionalArchitectureBalinese.
    Divided in three:
    ThetripartitedivisionoftheuniversedovetailswiththeconceptofTriAngga,whichassumesthat
    everythinginthenaturalworldcanbedividedintothreeparts:nista, madyaand utama.
    Utama,thehighestposition,thehead
    Madya,themiddleposition,body
    Nista, Thebelowposition,dirty,low,feet.

    Utama,whichinphysicaltermsdenotesthingsthatarehighoraboveisidentifieswith
    mountainsand.byextension,thegodswhodwellthere,heavenandtheancestors,andall
    thatispureorsacred.
    Nista,ontheotherhand,denotesthingsthatareloworbelow,whichincludestheseaand
    anymalevolentspirits,hellandthedead,theimpureandtheprofane.
    Manoccupiesthemiddlegroundofmadya,themundaneworldofeverydayexistence,akind
    ofcosmologicalhinterland.
    This tripartite scheme of things embrace all aspects of creation, including the things that
    man himself creates.Even the simplest built structure can be separated into three
    components a base, the walls or posts, and the roof , so is the human body.

    TRI LOKA DIVISION


    Theuniverse(BWANA=World,AGUNG=Great)wasbornofthesoundofcreation:
    A U M
    A ANG DEWA BRAHMA - The Creator
    U Ung DEWA WISNU - The preserver
    M Mang DEWA CIWA - The destroyer /
    Resolver
    Human Bodyisdividedinto:
    BUR (Head)TherealmoftheGods.
    BWAH (Body)TherealmoftheHumans.
    SWAH (Feet)TherealmoftheCohonianinfluences(Demons&GroundSpirits).
    The Village is Split into three area, as:
    Temples asGodHabitat
    VillageasHumanHabitat
    CemeteryasSpiritHabitat
    The House divided into three area, as:
    Shrine asGodArea
    House CourtyardasHumanArea

    TheorientationoftheBalinesediagram,
    thesangamandalabycontrast,is
    dominatedfromtoptobottombythe
    mountain-seaaxis,andfromrighttoleft
    bythesunrise-sunsetaxis.
    Thedirectiontowardthemountainis
    knownaskaja,andthattowardthesea
    isknownaskelod.
    TheBalinesebelievethatBaliisthe
    naveloftheworldandthattheabodeof
    thegodsislocatedinthecloudsabove.
    Theseaistherealmofdemonsandevil
    spirits.Thesawahs(ricefields)and
    forestsin-betweenaretheabodeof
    humans-onceagainthetripartitedivision
    correspondingtohead,body,andfeet.
    Orderandharmonybetweenthebuilt
    environmentandtheuniverseis
    achievedbyspatialhierarchyand
    orientationmadepossiblebyfollowing
    thesangamandala.

    THE BALINESE VILLAGE:

    THE BALINESE DWELLING:

    b) TRADITIONAL DIMENSION IN BALI :


    In designinga

    traditionalBalinese
    buildings,allshapes
    andsizesorgan
    scalebasedonthe
    humanbody.
    Knownforsomeof
    thenamesof
    traditionalBalinese
    sizedimensions
    are:
    Astha, Tapak,
    Tapak Ngandang,
    Musti, Depa, Nyari,
    A Guli and many
    more.

    BALINESE COURTYARD:

    Balinesearchitecturebeitceremonialorsecularisarchitectureofcourtyards.Thecourtyards
    consistoffreestandingpavilionsandgardenelementsopenspaces,gates,wallsandshade
    trees.Templecomplexes(pura)andpalaces(puri),twoprimeexamplesofcourtyard
    architecture,oftenhavemanyinterlockingcourtstoaccommodatemassrituals.Courtyardsvary
    inlevelhigherorlowerdependingonoccupantsstatusorthecourtyardsuse,andareconnected
    byrampsorstepsthroughgates.
    DomesticCompound.
    (l)Centralcourtyard
    (2)Familyshrine
    (3)Principalsleeping
    pavilion
    (4)Ceremonialpavilion
    (5)Guestpavilion,tothe
    west
    (6)Balesakenam
    (7)Kitchen,Ofpaon,in
    thesouth
    (8)Ricebarn
    (9)Pigsty
    (10)Compoundentrance
    (ll)Smallscreeningwall

    GATE :

    DOOR:

    POST BASES:

    GRAND HYATT, BALI

    DOOR:

    BUILDING MATERIALS :
    Bali has a wealth of building materials positively bursting from its
    very rich volcanic soil. Nearly everything can be worked off with
    hand, by appropriate carpentry, masonry, thatching and bamboo
    working materials.Bali is true to its locals sense.
    For example if the house exists along the coastline, limestone,
    beach sand for courtyards, and coconut wood (for truss work).In
    the mountains, bamboo shingles, volcanic stuff and dark timbers
    work with landscape and with climate.
    MaterialsavailableinBaliare:
    Timber
    Bamboo
    Thatch
    Stone
    Paras
    CoralandLimestone
    EarthandBrick
    Ceramic

    BAMBOO AS A LOCAL MATERIAL:

    OneofthenaturesmostversatilewonderscalledasbambooiswidelyutilizedinBalinese
    construction.
    Itismostnoticeablyusedasrafters(iga-iga)inthatchedroofs.
    Whethersplitandshapedintoroofshingles,sheedandintopanelscalledbedeg,orshreddedto
    makethebamboostringusedinthatching.
    Bambooismostcommonlyusedasbedegpanelsinbambooortimberframes.Itsbotanicalstructure
    longhollowtubesjoinedbyhardnodulesmakesitastrongandflexible.
    LotmanydesignersinBaliuseitforconstructionasitisenvironmentalfriendly.

    THE GREEN SCHOOL,BALI SHOWCASES BAMBOO CONSTRUCTION:

    Thiscampusofbuildingsisconstructedfromsustainablyharvestedbambooandispoweredbyrenewable
    energysystems.ItisalsoaholisticcommunityandrecentlyshortlistedforAgaKhanAwards.

    Theabovepicturesshowthetypicalbamboostructureattheheartoftheschool.

    Openclassroomemphasisingontheneedofopenclassroom,andbamboodoesjusticetoit.

    The bridge connecting the either side of the river.


    The form of the pavilion showcases its link to the local Balinese

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