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Construction
Causes out of the
causes in the
causes
mouth
mouth
1. Maxillary
posterior teeth
1-Excessive pressure
set buccal to the
1-single denture
exerted by the
crest of the ridge
patient during
denture cleaning.
2. Unusually thin
2-open face denture
wax-up
3. Porosity of the
denture base
4. Incomplete
polymerization of
acrylic resin
5. The presence of
previous repair

2. Accidental
dropping of the
Denture
3. Accidental fracture
during
deflaskirg process

3-Lack of adequate
relief
4-Poor fit
5-Strees
concentration

causes in the mouth

causes in the mouth

a. Single Denture

causes in the mouth

B. Open-face Denture
The open-face denture is a maxillary complete
denture with no labial flange but only two labial finger
projections extending over the canine eminences. An
open-face denture is not as stiff as the conventional
flange denture If tins appears to be the primary cause
of fracture of the denture base and the anatomy of
the pre maxillary denture bearing area prevents the
addition of a labial flange, a new denture with a
metallic denture base is recommended

causes in the mouth

B. Open-face Denture
The open-face denture is a maxillary complete
denture with no labial flange but only two labial finger
projections extending over the canine eminences. An
open-face denture is not as stiff as the conventional
flange denture If tins appears to be the primary cause
of fracture of the denture base and the anatomy of
the pre maxillary denture bearing area prevents the
addition of a labial flange, a new denture with a
metallic denture base is recommended

causes in the mouth

C. Strees Concentration

causes in the mouth

D-lack Of Adequate Relief
Inadequate relief of the maxillary denture in the
midline of the palate in patients with a small torus
palatinus or if the mucosa overlying the crest of
the ridge is more compressible than that covering
the median raphe of the hard palate, flexing of
the denture will occur every time the teeth
occlude together resulting in fatigue fracture.

causes in the mouth

E. Poor Fit
Resorption of the residual alveolar ridge beneath a maxillary
denture following a reasonable period of denture wearing will
cause the support to be provided only by the hard palate.
As a result, flexing of the denture will occur when the teeth
occlude. If this appears to be the primary cause of fracture, the
denture should be rebased after it has been repaired. By this
process, the old highly stressed resin is replaced by new and
stronger heat- curing resin.

auses out of the mout

Causes out of the mouth

a. Excessive pressure exerted by the
patient during denture cleaning
b. Accidental dropping of the denture
c. Accidental fracture during the
deflasking process

Constructional Cause

A.MAXILLARY POSTERIOR TEETH SET BUCCAL TO THE CREST OF

THE RIDGE:

This will cause undue strain

upon the midline of the
denture. Fatigue of the acrylic
resin produced by repealed
flexing of the denture will
occur by forces too small to
fracture it directly.

B-Unusually thin wax-up

Inadvertently waxing
the anterior palatal
area of the maxillary
denture base too thin.

C-porosity of the denture base

Improper processing
procedures resulting in
a porous denture base
of reduced strength

D- incomplete polymerization of the

acrylic resin

This will result if the curing cycle

does not include a terminal
healing period at 100C.
Thus, the strength of the
processed denture base will be
reduced.

E- The Presence Of A Previous Repair

When the denture has been repaired previously
with autopolymerizing acrylic resin, a further
fracture may occur because the auto
polymerizing acrylic resin material is more
susceptible to fatigue than the heat-cured resin.
Furthermore, the original denture base material
on either side of the fracture line will already be
fatigued.

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Artificial teeth may

require repair
because of

Teeth Off the Denture (not

broken)
This may be due to:
a. Insufficient packing of acrylic
resin dough in the mold cavity.
b. Remainance of separating
medium or wax, residue on the
necks of the artificial teeth,
c. Packing the acrylic resin in the
rubbery stage where there will
be insufficient free monomer for
bonding the acrylic teeth to the
denture base.

Broken Denture Teeth

This may be due to:
a. Accidental dropping of the
denture.
b. Trauma to the patient caused
by accidents,
c. Excessive grinding of a
porcelain tooth may weaken it to
an extent that it will facture

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DENTURE
REPAIRS
2.
Replacing a
tooth or
teeth
b.
a. Missing
Fractured
teeth
teeth

1 . Repair
of
fractured
Dentures

A. Midline
Fracture of the
mandibular
denture

B. Midline
fracture of the
maxillary
denture

a. None
separated
fracture (crack

b. Denture
fractured into
two or more

C. Fracture of a
denture flange

a. Existing
flange piece

b. Missing
flange piece

autopolymerizi
ng acrylic
resin

heat-cure
acrylic resin

3. Adding a
posterior palatal
seal
(post-damming)

1 . Repair of fractured Denture

A. Midline Fracture of the mandibular denture

Midline Fracture of the mandibular denture

Midline Fracture of the mandibular denture

The most common mandibular denture fracture occurs

at or near the midline of the mandibular denture.
Repair Procedures
1. Assemble the parts of the broken denture accurately in
proper relationship and then lute them along the fracture
line on the polished, surfaces with sticky wax.
2. It is advisable to strengthen the temporarily assembled
denture further by the addition of some support across the
arch by using orange wood sticks or cotton applicator
sticks. If there is doubt regarding the accuracy with which
the broken parts can be reassembled, then Ihe repair
should not be undertaken.

Midline Fracture of the mandibular denture

Midline Fracture of the mandibular denture

3. Undercut areas on the fitting surface of the denture are identified
and blocked out, so that the denture can be removed from the cast
except in an area 2 mm on each side of the fracture line. If the entire
has an undercut in the region of the repair, place a mix of silicone
mold release or alginate irreversible hydrocolloid into the undercut
area. This will result in a flexible cast, thus facilitating removal and
replacement of the denture after the cast has set, yet maintaining
tissue detail or contours necessary for repair.
4. The fitting surface of the denture is lightly lubricated with Vaseline
and a plaster or stone cast is poured and properly trimmed, When set,
carefully remove the cotton applicator sticks and sticky wax
5. Remove the broken denture parts from the cast and clean them
thoroughly

Midline Fracture of the mandibular denture

6. Use a large acrylic bur to cut away from the denture base about 1
mm from either side of the fracture line. Bevel the cut surface
outward to increase the bonding surface.
7. Prepare dovetails on either side of the fracture line using a suitable
fissure bur to strengthen the repair joint. Also, it is advisable to
roughen the surface of the old acrylic base to give some form of
mechanical interlocking between the new and old acrylic resin
material and also to increase to some extent the surface area of the
old denture base material available for union with the new acrylic
resin.
8. Paint the stone cast with a I gin ale separating medium and allow it
to dry; otherwise, it will contaminate the resin and severely reduce the
repair strength.
9. Replace the assembled parts of the denture carefully on the cast.

Midline Fracture of the mandibular denture

10. Moisten the surface of the old acrylic denture base on either
side of the fracture line with acrylic resin monomer to ensure a
chemical union between the old and new acrylic resins.
11. Add autopolymerizing acrylic resin monomer and polymer
alternately to the repair area until it is slightly overcontoured to
allow for possible shrinkage and to pennit some bulk for finishing
after polymerization is complete.
12. When the repair area has been built-up sufficiently, adapt tinfoil over the moist acrylic resin, because unless the new acrylic
resin is covered during the initial stage of polymerization, an
excessive amount of monomer will be lost through vaporization,
and as a result the cured acrylic resin may be porous,

Midline Fracture of the mandibular denture

13. Secure the denture to the cast with a rubber band, and
cure it in the pressure chamber at 20 p.s.i, for 30 minutes
Processing the denture repair with autopolymerizing
acrylic resin in a pressure container will improve the
physical properties of the repair.

14. Remove the cured denture from the cast, finish and
polish in the usual manner

1 . Repair of fractured Denture

B. Midline fracture of the maxillary denture
a. None separated fracture (crack)
b. Denture fractured into two or more

a. None separated fracture

(crack)

. None separated fracture (crack)

Occasionally, during deflasking procedures the maxillary denture

cracks. This usually occurs during the removal of the denture from
the master cast by injudicious prying, with the fracture originating
at the depth of the labial notch. When this occurs, it can usually be
repaired without the necessity of making a new cast as follows:
a. Gently flex the denture to open the fine crack.However, be
careful to avoid complete breakage of the denture.
b. Add a few drops of monomer into the opening, then, apply a
small amount of polymer into the crack and allow the denture to
return to its normal shape. Excess monomer and polymer are, thus,
forced out onto the labial and palatal surfaces from which they are
wiped away

. None separated fracture (crack)

C. Set the denture aside for 30-45 minutes so that

polymerization can lake place
d. Finish and polish the denture.
e. Because the crack was almost indiscernible in the first
place, the repair will be completely adequate. If loss of a
denture substance has occurred or if the crack extended
completely through the denture, the previous procedure
will not be sufficiently adequate. In this case, a new cast
must be made and the repair procedure will then proceed
as usual

Denture fractured into two or more

Denture fractured into two or more

The maxillary denture may be repaired with ::A. autopolymerizing acrylic resin
similar to that of the mandibular denture

:B. heat-cure acrylic resin

Here, flasking is a must In order to ensure a stronger

,repair
:it is advisable to remove the entire palatal resin
to avoid reheating of the old resin with the possibility. 1
.warpage or distortion of
to allow a greater area of old resin to be brought into. 2
.contact with the new resin material

Denture fractured into two or more

I . Assemble the fractured segments and prepare a plaster or stone

cast as described previously.
2. Remove the palatal section of the fractured denture; and wax-up
a new palatal section and seal it completely to the fractured acrylic
segments and to the cast.
3. Flask the denture in the usual manner. However, be certain to
embed the acrylic denture completely in the plaster of the first
layer, keeping only the waxed-up palatal section exposed.
4. After wax elimination, apply separating medium to the cast and
allow it to dry.

Denture fractured into two or more

5. Paint acrylic resin monomer on the old acrylic and

then, pack the heat-cured acrylic resin dough in the
mold cavity.
6. Close the flask, and proceed with the processing
procedures as for a new denture.
7. Deflask, finish and polish the denture in the usual
manner.

Denture fractured into two or more

Acrylic dentures must be kept in water during the time they are in the
laboratory both before and after repair
to avoid dimensional changes due to loss of water,
When a complete midline fracture occurs after the patient has worm the
dentures success fully for a period of time and the patient offers no account
of accidental breakage, the denture has probably fractured because it no
longer fits the alveolar ridges with the hard midline of the palate serving as
a fulcrum. As a result, flexing of the denture will occur when the teeth
occlude. Repair is useless in such case because the denture will probably
fracture again. Therefore, it is advisable under such circumstances to follow
the repair procedure by rebasing the denture

1 . Repair of fractured Denture

C. Fracture of a denture flange
a. Existing flange piece

b. Missing flange piece

a. Existing flange piece

Fractured denture flange may occur because of dropping the denture on a
hard surface.
When these pieces can be accurately oriented they are luted together with
sticky wax, then a partial cast is poured and repair is earned out as usual
with autopolymerixing acrylic resin.

b. Missing flange piece

A fractured denture with a section of the denture base missing will usually
require making an impression with the fractured denture in the patients
mouth.
1. The fractured denture is inserted into the patients mouth.
2. The impression to replace the missing flange is made using either plaster
impression or modeling compound refined with zinc oxide-eugenol paste or
light body rubber base wash. The impression is made with the mouth closed
and the teeth in centric occlusion in order to guard against the flow of the
impression material into the fitting surface of the denture.
3. A partial cast is poured. When set, the denture is thoroughly cleaned of the
impression material.
4. Alginate separating medium is painted on the cast and is allowed to dry.
The repair is carried out very similar to constructing an acrylic resin baseplate
with the sprinkle-on technique.

Denture Repairs
Using TRIAD VICMaterial

enture Repairs Using TRIAD VICMaterial

TRIAD* VLC material is an advanced,visible light cured resin.
Normally more than adequate working time is available in ambient
room lighting.However, avoid exposure to bright sunlight or
bright room lighting to maximize working time.
The material contains no methyl methacrylate monomer.

It is soft,pliable, and ready to use right from the package. If

uncured TRIAD VLC material becomes crusty, forms a skin on its
surface and become difficult to blend with the denture resin, it Has
been exposed to light for loo long and should be discarded
because irreversible partial curing has occurred.

Refrigerated storage of the TRIAD VLC material is

recommended for maximum shelf life. The material should be
allowed to return to room temperature before curing

enture Repairs Using TRIAD VICMaterial

1 . Assemble the broken parts of the denture , and prepare a cast as
described previously (coat it with TRIAD Model Release Agent).
2. Prepare the fracture area by cutting away from the denture base
about either side of the fracture line. Bevel the cut surface outward to
increase the bonding surface. Prime roughened surfaces of repair
areas with TRIAD VLC Bonding Agent or LUCITONE liquid. If Bonding
Agent is used, bench set for two minutes, then process
in the TRIAD unit for two minutes.
3. If teeth are being replaced, dean wax from surfaces. Lightly grind
areas that were in contact with wax. Paint bonding surfaces of teeth
and denture base with TRIAD VLC Bonding Agent. Bench set two
minutes, then process in the TRIAD Curing Unit for two minutes.

enture Repairs Using TRIAD VICMaterial

4. Apply TRIAD VLC Denture Base Material to appropriate

areas. Coat with TRIAD Air Barrier Coating and process for
four minutes. Carefully remove denture from cast. Paint
tissue surface with TRIAD Air Barrier Coating and process
for eight minutes with tissue side up.
5. Clean with water and brush.
6. Finish and polish

Replacing a tooth or teeth. 2

a. Replacement of Loosened Teeth

. Replacement of Loosened Teeth

. Replacement of Loosened Teeth

When tooth or teeth are loosened and are capable of being replaced .
1. they should be waxed into correct position and a plaster index poured to
register their position.
2. When the plaster index has set, it is separated carefully ,alginate
separating medium is applied to it and is left to dry. Then The teeth are
removed
3. dovetails are prepared for the new resin on the lingual or palatal aspect of
the teeth to be replaced .This gives adequate access and provides
mechanical as well as chemical retention for the new acrylic resin. Usually,
the acrylic resin on the labial surface of the denture need not be disturbed.
4. When the preparation is completed, the teeth are repositioned with the aid
of the plaster index

. Replacement of Loosened Teeth

4. The area of the repair is carefully moistened with cold-cure

monomer carried to place with a small glass dropper. The
polymer is then dusted to place from a small plastic bottle
applied from the lingual or palatal side. Alternate applications
of monomer and polymer are added until the area is built-up
to the desired contour. A slight overcontouring is desirable to
compensate for acrylic shrinkage and to give some bulk for
finishing.
5. Place the repaired denture in a pressure pot and cure at 20
p.s.i. for 30 minutes.
6. Remove the denture, finish and polish in the usual manner

. Replacing a Fractured Tooth or Teeth

Fracturing a denture tooth is not an

uncommon problem. Porcelain teeth are
more prone to breakage, particularly when
dropped onto a hard surface

. Replacing a Fractured Tooth or Teeth

I . Grind away the fractured tooth carefully with No. 8

round bur without damaging the adjoining teeth.
2. When grinding, make sure to:
preserve the labial gingival margin for better esthetic
results.
create dove-tails lingual to the tooth or teeth to be
replaced without perforating the denture base.
3. A tooth of -proper shade and mould is selected. The
chosen tooth is tried in position usually some
modifications are necessity.

. Replacing a Fractured Tooth or Teeth

4. When the necessary alterations are completed, the selected tooth
is set in proper position and is maintained in place by stickcy wax at
the mesial and distal incisal angles to hold it to the adjoining teeth.
5. It is advantageous to have both upper and lower dentures when
making these repairs because occlusion can be checked during and
after the repair. Further refinements are performed in the mouth when
the repair is completed.
6. If several teeth are fractured, steps 1 to 3 are carried out. When the
teeth position is acceptable, lubricate the surface of the denture base
in the concerned area as well as the adjoining teeth on each side with
vaseline.

. Replacing a Fractured Tooth or Teeth

7. Pour a plaster index onto the labial surface of the teeth

to be replaced as well as on one or two of the adjoining
teeth on each side.
8. When set, separate carefully the plaster index. Apply
alginate separating medium to the plaster index and leave
it aside to it
9. Remove the teeth to be repaired, thoroughly clean them
and the denture base from all traces of wax and vaseline.
Reseat the plaster index in position on the denture,
then,reposition the teeth to be repaired into it.

. Replacing a Fractured Tooth or Teeth

10. The prepared area of the denture base is moistened with

acrylic resin monomer, and autopoiymerizing acrylic resin mix is
painted carefully on the lingual prepared area . The resin mix is
built-up with slight excess which will be finished to original
contour after polymerization.

1 1 . Repair is finished and polished in the usual manner

3. Adding a posterior palatal seal

(post-damming)

3. Adding A Posterior Palatal Seal

A denture with an inadequate posterior palatal seal will exhibit

generalized lack of retention.

The purpose is two-fold;

1 - it accommodates shrinkage of the denture base during processing;

2 - it maintains the seal across the posterior border of the denture

during
function.

The time taken before the denture is completed to properly determine

the location, extent, and depth of the posterior palatal seal is most
important.

The dentisl, rather than a dental laboratory technician who has never
seen the patient, should scribe the posterior palatal seal into the cast
This will prevent the loss of chair side time later on to correct an
insufficient posterior palatal seal

3. Adding A Posterior Palatal Seal

Laboratory Procedures:
1. Modeling compound or mouth-temperature wax is added to the posterior
border of the denture and tested in the mouth until sufficient peripheral
seal is apparent.
2. The denture is removed and thoroughly chilled.
3. All undercuts in the tissue surface are blocked out with baseplate wax and
a cast
is poured. The cast must include all of the posterior palatal seal
addition and extend 4 to 6 mm beyond it posteriorly.
4. When the cast has set, it is separated from the denture and the mouth
temperature wax or modeling compound is removed.

3. Adding A Posterior Palatal Seal

5. The cast is properly trimmed, and then, provided with

escape ways that will lead-off excess acrylic resin material.
6. The cast is painted with alginate separating medium and is
allowed to dry,
7. The denture JS cleaned and roughened for application of
autopolymerizing acrylic resin.
8. Acrylic resin monomer is applied to moisten the denture
surface to receive the new resin.

3. Adding A Posterior Palatal Seal

9. A thin soupy mix of autopolymerizing acrylic resin is

applied on the denture on the cast , and the denture is
seated firmly on the cast. Excess resin will be forced out
through the escape ways.
10. The denture and cast are secured with a rubber bands
and cured in a pressure pot with warm water at 30 psi. for
1 5 minutes.
11 . The denture is removed, finished and polished in the
usual manner