Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology: BY DR: Ahmed
Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology: BY DR: Ahmed
Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology: BY DR: Ahmed
Physiology
BY
Dr: Ahmed
Learning Objectives
Define
Continued
Describe
Introduction
external
female reproductive
organs are called the
Vulva.
Pubis.
Labia Majora
Labia Minora.
Clitoris.
Vestibule.
Perineum
Mons Pubis
Is rounded, soft fullness of
subcutaneous fatty tissue, prominence
over the symphysis pubis that forms
the anterior border of the external
reproductive organs.
It is covered with varying amounts of
pubic hair.
Labia Majora
The
Labia Minora
They
Clitoris.
It
Vestibule.
Is
Perineum
Is
....Perineum cont
It
It
tubes
Fallopian tubes
The
1. Interstitial part
Which
2. Isthmus
Straight
3. Ampulla
Which
4. Infundibulum
It
2.
3.
4.
Ovaries
Oval
Figure 2814
2.
Production of ova
Uterus
The
Its
2. Isthmus
o
o
o
Cervix. 3
o The
The
1. Perimetrium
Is
Laterally,
the perimetrium is
continuous with the broad
ligaments on either side of the
uterus.
2. Myometrium
Is
The
myometrium
contains three types of
smooth muscle fiber
3. Endometrium
Is
The
are:
*Compact layer
*The basal layer
*The functional or Sponge layer;this
layer is shed during each menstrual period
and after child birth in the lochia
Vagina
It
The
The
Support structures
The
Muscle,
Bony Pelvis
Bony
Pelvis Is Composed of 4
bones:
Ilium-1
It
Ischium.2
3. Sacrum
Is
.Coccyx. 4
PELVIC TYPES
PELVIC TYPES
According
PELVIC TYPES
2- Anthropoid pelvis
Incidence 25%.
Shape long oval
Side wall divergent
Subrapubic angel>90
May give problems during delivary.
PELVIC TYPES
3- Android pelvis
Incidence 20%.
Shape heart like.
Side wall convergent.
Ischial spines prominent.
Subrapubic angel<90.
May give problems during delivery.
PELVIC TYPES
4- Platypeloid pelvis
Incidence 5%.
Kidney shape.
Side wall diverted
Ischial; spine blunt.
Subrapubic angel >90
May gives problems during delivery.
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
A womans
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
1- The follicular phase begins the first day of
menstruation and last 12 to 14 days.
During this phase, the graafian follicle is
maturing under the influence of two pituitary
hormones: luteinizing hormone (LH) and
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
The maturing graafian follicle produces
estrogen to as ovulation.
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
2- The ovulatory phase: begins when estrogen levels
peak and ends with the release of the oocyte (egg)
from the mature graafian follicle.
The release of the oocyte is referred
There is a surge in LH levels 12 to 36 hours before
ovulation.
There is a decrease in estrogen levels and an
increase in progesterone levels before the LH surge.
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
3- The luteal phase begins after ovulation and
last approximately 14 days.
During this phase, the cells of the empty follicle
undergo changes and form into the corpus
luteum.
The corpus luteum produces high levels of
progesterone along with low levels of estrogen.
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
If
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
B- Endometrial Cycle
The endometrial cycle pertains to the changes in the
endometrium of the uterus in responses to the
hormonal changes that occur during the ovarian cycle.
This cycle consist of three phases:
1- The proliferative phase: occurs following
menstruation and ends with ovulation.
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
During
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
2- The secretory phase: begins after ovulation and ends
with the onset of menstruation.
During this phase, the endometrium continues to
thicken.
The primary hormone during this phase is progesterone
which is secreted from the corpus luteum.
If pregnancy occurs, the endometrium continues to
develop and begins to secrete glycogen.
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
If
Study Questions
1- which of the following terms refers to the
tissue lying between the vaginal orifice and
the anus?
a- Mons pubis
b- Perineum
c- Hymen
d- Vestibule
THANK YOU