HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

1910
SUBPART H:

INTRODUCTION
OSHA has estimated that more than 32 million
workers are exposed to 650,000 hazardous chemical
products in more than 3 million American
workplaces. This course covers broad issues on
hazards associated with flammable and combustible
liquids.
This course teaches basic OSHA requirements for
storing, safe handling, application, requirements and
procedures for preventing or minimizing the
consequences of catastrophic releases of toxic,
flammable, reactive, or explosive chemicals that may
result in toxic, fire, or explosion hazards.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Understand the terms and hazards associated

with flammable and combustible liquids
Know how to store, inside and outside a facility,
flammable and combustible liquids
Know and understand bonding, wiring, and
rating capacities for the safe handling and
storage of flammable and combustible liquids
Understand key terms and how they apply to
various types of spray-finishing operations

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Understand the hazards of the spray application

of flammable and combustible materials and the
application of combustible powders by powder
spray guns, electrostatic powder spray guns,
fluidized beds, or electrostatic fluidized beds
Understand the requirements and procedures
for preventing or minimizing the consequences
of catastrophic releases of toxic, flammable,
reactive, or explosive chemicals that may result
in toxic, fire, or explosion hazards

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Know where to find the list of PSM chemicals

and know the quantities that make a process fall
under the PSM standard
Understand the application of paragraphs a-o,
paragraph p, and paragraph q
Understand the requirements for awareness,
operations, technician, specialist, and incident
commander response

KEY TERMS
Aerosol: A material which is dispensed from its
container as a mist, spray or foam, by a propellant
under pressure
Approved: Something that is approved or listed by a
nationally recognized testing laboratory (such as
Underwriter's Laboratory)

KEY TERMS
Authority Having Jurisdiction: As defined in NFPA
33, the organization, office, or individual responsible
for "approving" equipment, an installation, or a
procedure. Where public safety is the primary
concern, the "authority having jurisdiction" may be
federal, state, local, or other regional department or
individuals such as a fire chief, fire marshal, health
department, building inspection official, or others
having statutory authority

KEY TERMS
Boiling point: The boiling point of a liquid at a
pressure of 14.7 pounds per square inch absolute
(psia). This pressure is equivalent to 760 millimeters
of mercury (760 mm Hg). At temperatures above the
boiling point, the pressure of the atmosphere can no
longer hold the liquid in the liquid state, and bubbles
begin to form. The lower the boiling point, the greater
the vapor pressure at normal ambient temperatures
and consequently, the greater the fire risk

KEY TERMS
Buddy system: A system of organizing employees
into work groups in such a manner that each of the
employees in the work group is designated to be
observed by at least one other employee in the work
group. The purpose of this system is to provide rapid
assistance in case of an emergency
Catastrophic release: A major uncontrolled
emission, fire, or explosion involving one or more
highly hazardous chemical that presents serious
danger to employees in the workplace

KEY TERMS

Cleanup operation: An operation where hazardous

substances are removed, contained, incinerated,
neutralized, stabilized, cleared-up, or in any other
manner processed or handled with the ultimate goal
of making the site safer for people or the
environment

KEY TERMS
Combustible liquid: Any liquid having a flash point
at or above 100F (37.8C). Combustible liquids
are further divided into TWO classes and TWO
subclasses.
Class II liquids: Have a flash points at or above
100F (37.8C) and below 140F (60C), except
any mixture having components with flash points of
200F(93.3C) or higher, the volume of which
makes up 99% or more of the total volume of the
mixture
Class III liquids: shall include those with flash

LESSON 1, PART A

1910.106: COMBUSTIBLE AND

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
This lesson focuses on the following topics:

Various terms used when describing physical and chemical properties

attributed to flammable and combustible liquids

Container and portable tank storage of flammable and combustible

liquids

Flammable and combustible storage cabinets

LESSON 1, PART A

INTRODUCTION
1. This section applies to the handling, storage. And use of flammable and
combustible liquids with a flashpoint BELOW 200 F.
2. This section does NOT apply to:
a. The bulk transportation of flammable and combustible liquids
b. Storage, handling, and use of fuel oil tanks and containers
connected with oil burning equipment
c. Storage of flammable and combustible liquids on farms
d. Liquids without flashpoints that MAY be flammable under some
conditions, such as certain halogenated hydrocarbons and mixtures
containing halogenated hydrocarbons
e. Mists, sprays, or foams, except flammable aerosol covered in
paragraph (d) of this section
f. Installations made in accordance with the requirements of standards
which are incorporated by reference in 1910.6

LESSON 1, PART A

FLAMMABLE & COMBUSTIBLE

LIQUIDS SECTION 1910.106
Based on NFPA 30 (fire code)
Products with flash points < 200oF
Primary concerns
Design and construction
Ventilation
Ignition
Storage

LESSON 1, PART A

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL
Flammable
Flash point less than 100 F
Class I
Combustible
Flash point greater than 100 F
Class II or III

Flash Point indicates how easily the liquid ignites

The temperature at which the liquid gives off enough
vapor to mix with air and ignite

LESSON 1, PART A

FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
Class IA
Flash point below 73 F
Boiling point below 100 F
Class IB
Flash point below 73 F
Boiling point at or above 100F
Class IC
Flash point at or above 73F
Boiling point below 100 F

Boiling Point- Holds liquid in a liquid state. Lower boiling point causes
greater vapor pressure

LESSON 1, PART A

EXAMPLE OF CLASS 1A
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
Ethyl ether (also called ether)

FP = -49F
BP = 95F
LFL = 1.9%
UFL = 36.0%
VD = 2.6 (air = 1)
PEL TWA = 400 ppm

LESSON 1, PART A

EXAMPLE OF CLASS 1B
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
Acetone

FP = 0F
BP = 134F
LFL = 2.6%
UFL = 12.8%
VD = 2.0 (air = 1.0)
PEL TWA = 1000 ppm

LESSON 1, PART A

EXAMPLE OF CLASS 1C
FLAMMABLE LIQUID
Turpentine

FP = 95F
BP = 307F-347F
LFL = 0.8%
UFL = N/A
VD = Not established
PEL TWA = 100 ppm

LESSON 1, PART A

COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
Class II
Flash point above 100 AND
below 140 F
Except mixtures with
components that have flash
points of 200 F or higher
Class III
Flash points over 140 F
Except mixtures with
components that have flash
points of 200F or higher

LESSON 1, PART A

EXAMPLE OF A CLASS II
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID
Kerosene

FP = 110-150F
BP = 180-300F
LFL = 0.7%
UFL = 5.0%
VD = 4.5 (air = 1)
PEL TWA = None under
OSHA

LESSON 1, PART A

EXAMPLE OF CLASS III

COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID
Ethylene Glycol (Glycol; antifreeze ingredient)

FP = 232F
BP = 387F
LFL = 3.2%
UFL = 15.3%
VD = N/A
PEL TWA = None

LESSON 1, PART A

EXAMPLE OF A NONFLAMMABLE (UNDER NORMAL

CONDITIONS) LIQUID
Carbon Tetrachloride

FP = N/A
BP = 171F
LFL = N/A
UFL = N/A
PEL TWA = 10 ppm
Forms highly toxic phosgene
gas when exposed to flames
or welding arcs

LESSON 1, PART A

FLAMMABLE LIMITS
Flammable range = Explosive
range
Lower Explosive Limit
Not enough vapor to burn
Running too lean
Upper Explosive Limit
Too much vapor to burn
Running too rich

LESSON 1, PART A

STORAGE RULES
Incidental storage
Max quantity
o 25 gallons - Class IA
o 120 gallons - Class IB, IC, II, or III
o 660 gallons - Class 1B, 1C, II, III in
single tank
Liquids kept covered when not in use
Accessibility - one side open for fire
fighting
Drainage - away from structure
Adequate ventilation

LESSON 1, PART A

INSIDE STORAGE ROOMS

Wiring
Class I- approved for Hazardous
Locations
Class II & III- general use wiring
Ventilation
Change air at least six times per hour
Air flow must be constant
Storage
An aisle 3 feet wide must be maintained
Containers over 30 gallons may not be
stacked
Dispense by approved pump/self
closing faucet

LESSON 1, PART A

NATIONAL ELECTRIC CODE

Class I Location
Presence of flammable gas or vapor
Require hazardous location equipment
Battery Charging room with broken
vents
Class II Location
Presence of combustible dust
Grain elevator
Class III Location
Presence of easily-ignitable fibers
Cotton mill

LESSON 1, PART A

GENERAL HANDLING
REQUIREMENTS
Cover when not in use
Provisions to take care of
spills/leaks
Transferring liquids
Through a closed piping
system
From Safety Cans
Drawn through top
By gravity with an approved
self closing valve

LESSON 1, PART A

CONTAINER & PORTABLE

TANK DESIGN & STORAGE:
1910.106(D)
Section applies to
Drums & containers < 60
gallons
Portable tanks are > 60 and
< 660 gallons
Doesnt apply to
Bulk storage areas
Engine fuel tanks (Class I
and II)
Paints, oils, & varnishes kept
< 30 days
Beverages not exceeding 1
gallon in size

LESSON 1, PART A

CONTAINER & PORTABLE

TANK DESIGN
Design, construction, and
capacity of containers
Only approved containers
(DOT 49 CFR 178)
Only for authorized products
(DOT 49 CFR 173)
Emergency venting required
Size & type of container
based on liquid

LESSON 1, PART A

CONTAINER & PORTABLE

TANK INSIDE STORAGE
Storage inside building
Egress - cannot be stored as
to impede egress
Offices - for equipment only,
in cabinets or safety cans
General purpose public
warehouse - tables
available, incompatible
materials
Warehouses or storage
buildings - practically any
quantity

LESSON 1, PART A

CONTAINER & PORTABLE

TANK INSIDE STORAGE
Design & construction of inside
storage rooms
Construction complies with
NFPA 251-1969
Openings and depth - doors
and sills
Rating & capacity - chart in
1910.106
Wiring - approved under
Subpart S
Ventilation - exchange of air
6 times per hour
Storage - aisle width, egress,
& stacking

LESSON 1, PART A

CONTAINER & PORTABLE

TANK OUTSIDE STORAGE
Storage outside buildings
Tables summarize the requirements
Diversion of spills from building
Security and housekeeping
Fire control - suitable devices available
Minimum of 1 extinguisher (> 12B units)
o Outside storage room < 10 feet away
o > 10 feet but < 25feet outside of
storage room (Class I & II)
No smoking or open flames

LESSON 1, PART B

1910.106: FLAMMABLE AND

COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
This Lesson Focuses on The Following Topics

Industrial and bulk plants

Service stations

Processing plants

Refineries, chemical plants, and distilleries

LESSON 1, PART B

INTRODUCTION
This section does NOT apply to chemical plants, refineries, or distilleries.
Basically this means that industrial plants do NOT have processes which
include chemical reactions such as oxidation, reduction, halogenations,
hydrogenation, polymerization, and other chemical processes. The flammable
and combustible liquids used in industrial plants simply refers to chemicals
used to lubricate, clean, repair, coat, and run the plant.

LESSON 1, PART B

INDUSTRIAL PLANTS:
1910.106(E)

Plants that use flammable and combustible

liquids incidental to the principle business

Flammable and combustible liquids are

only used in unit physical operations
(mixing, drying, evaporating, filtering, and
distillation) which do not involve a chemical
reaction

LESSON 1, PART B

INDUSTRIAL PLANTS:
1910.106(E)

Tank vehicles and cars - separation distances

Storage requirements inside and outside storage rooms and
fire areas
Fire control - evaluate hazards
Precautions against ignition sources
Bonding - Class I liquids
Electrical - Subpart S requirements
Repairs to equipment - hot work permits
Housekeeping - spills & combustible waste

LESSON 1, PART B

BULK PLANTS: 1910.106(F)

Storage - Class I, II and III requirements

Buildings- Exit facilities arranged to
prevent entrapment. Class I areas heated
by steam or hot water. Class I areas have
adequate ventilation
Separation for tank vehicles/cars - from
above ground tanks & warehouses
Bonding - static protection

LESSON 1, PART B

BULK PLANTS: 1910.106(F)

Electrical equipment - hazardous areas for Class I classified in

this section
Sources of ignition - Class I not exposed to sources and No
Smoking signs posted
Drainage & waste - storage containers and separator boxes
Fire control - suitable fire control devices

LESSON 1, PART B

SERVICE STATIONS: 1910.106(G)

Liquid storage
In closed containers < 60 gallons
Underground tanks & special enclosures

Class I liquids
stored in portable containers with caps and spout

Accessible emergency switch/breaker shut-off

remote from dispensing devices

LESSON 1, PART B

PROCESSING PLANTS:
1910.106(H)

Plants with chemical operations

oxidation, reduction, hydrogenation, etc. but does not apply to

chemical plants, refineries, or distilleries
Buildings

safely constructed with appropriate drainage, ventilation, &

explosion relief
Liquid handling
Tank storage and piping safety & identification
Liquid transfer by piping or water displacement

LESSON 1, PART B

PROCESSING PLANTS: MORE

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

Fire control
Portable FE, fixed systems, and alarms
Evaluation required for hazards and controls

Sources of ignition
control sources and prohibit smoking

Waste and residues

Stored in closed metal cans
Disposed of daily

LESSON 1, PART B

REFINERIES, CHEMICAL
PLANTS,
AND DISTILLERIES: 1910.106(I)

Must be protected from catastrophic fire, explosion, & release

of toxic materials

Section covers

Storage tanks and areas

Wharves
Accessibility by fire fighters
Fire control measures

LESSON 2

1910.107 SPRAY FINISHING

USING FLAMMABLE AND
COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS
This Lesson Focuses on The Following Topics

Spray finishing operations

Spray booths (types, design, protection, and hazards)
Sources of ignition
Ventilation
Handling, use and storage of the flammable and combustible
materials used in the spray operations
Operations and maintenance of the spray booths and areas

LESSON 2

INTRODUCTION
This section applies to flammable and combustible finishing materials when
applied as a spray by compressed air, "airless" or "hydraulic atomization",
steam, electrostatic methods, or by any other means in continuous or
intermittent processes. This section also covers the application of
combustible powders by powder spray guns, electrostatic powder spray
guns, fluidized beds, or electrostatic fluidized beds. This section does NOT
cover outdoor spray applications to buildings, tanks, or other similar
structures, nor to small portable spraying apparatus NOT used repeatedly
in the same location.

Please refer to either the "definitions" found at the beginning of this series
of lessons, or to 1910.107(a) in the 29 CFR to make sure that you have an
understanding of "approved", "dry spray booth", "spray booth", and the
like.

LESSON 2

SPRAY FINISHING
SECTION 1910.107

Based on NFPA 33m:

Spray Finishing Using Flammable and Combustible Materials

Applies to all flammable and combustible spray finishes except

outdoor operations

Definitions for:
Dry spray booth, spray area, and spray room

LESSON 2

SPRAY BOOTHS:1910.107(B)
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Construction
steel, concrete, or masonry
Interiors
smooth & without edges
Floors
non-combustible material
Baffle plates
non-combustible and removable
Dry-type over-spray collectors
Air velocity and alarms
Extinguishing systems up and down stream
Non-combustible filters

LESSON 2

SPRAY BOOTHS:ELECTRICAL &

OTHER SOURCES
OF IGNITION: 1910.107(C)

Minimum separation
20 unless a partition is provided
Spray area
free of heat appliances
Wiring
IAW subpart S and this section
Explosion proof type (Class I or II)
Combustible residues
no electrical equipment present in spray area

LESSON 2

SPRAY BOOTHS: MORE ABOUT

ELECTRICAL & OTHER
SOURCES OF IGNITION

Grounding
all metal parts of booths
Spray area
free of heat appliances
Wiring
IAW subpart S and this section
Explosion proof type (Class I or II locations)
Combustible residues
no electrical equipment present in spray area

LESSON 2

SPRAY BOOTHS: VENTILATION

1910.107(D)

Ventilation
mechanical and continuous
Exhaust
Independent for different booths/compounds
Steel construction (supported)
Directed so not to contaminated intake air
Discharge clearance
Not < 6 from combustible exterior wall/roof
Not < 25 from combustible construction

LESSON 2

SPRAY BOOTHS: MORE

VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS

Fan-rotating element
non-ferrous/ non-sparking
Electric motors
outside booth
Belts
outside booth or enclosed
Access doors
facilitate cleaning of ducts
Drying spaces
must be ventilated or considered spray areas

LESSON 2

SPRAY BOOTHS: COMBUSTIBLE

LIQUID
STORAGE AND HANDLING
1910.107(E)

Conform to 1910.106
Quantity
not to exceed 1 day/ 1 shift
Containers
Approved portable tanks & safety cans
No glass
Transferring liquids
Approved pumps for containers > 60 gal
Completed in ventilated room

LESSON 2

SPRAY BOOTHS: FLAMMABLE

AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
STORAGE AND HANDLING
REQUIREMENTS

Spray containers
Supply containers < 10 gal and covered
Original containers will not be pressurized
Pipes and hoses
Shut-off valves at connection
Pressure regulator required
Inspected at regular intervals
Steel construction for resistance to heat & damage

LESSON 2

SPRAY BOOTHS: FLAMMABLE

AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
STORAGE AND HANDLING
REQUIREMENTS

Spray liquid heaters

approved and not in spray booths
Pump relief
Pressure regulator on line to spray nozzle
Discharged to a safe location
Grounding
between containers when liquid is transferred

LESSON 2

SPRAY BOOTHS:PROTECTION
1910.107(F)

Sprinkler systems
Meet requirements of 1910.159
System has accessible outside sub-control valve
Sprinkler heads - kept free of deposits

Portable extinguishers
adequate supply of fire extinguishers near spray areas

LESSON 2

HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS

NEC definition
where fire or explosion hazards may exist due to flammable

gases or vapors (liquids, dust, & fibers)

NEC articles

500-504 & 510-517 provide standards for electrical equipment in

these locations
Three types of hazardous locations
Class 1 Location
Class 2 Location
Class 3 Location

LESSON 2

HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS
Class 1 Location

Areas with enough flammable gases or vapors in air that may

cause explosion

Examples include

Petroleum refineries, gas storage & dispensing

Dry cleaning plants
Spray finishing areas
Aircraft hangars & fuel servicing areas
Utility gas plants

LESSON 2

HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS
Class 2 Location

Areas with combustible dust in air that may cause explosion

Examples include

Grain elevators
Flour or feed mills
Plants using magnesium or aluminum powders
Producers of plastics, medicines, & fireworks
Spice & sugar plants

LESSON 2

HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS
Class 3 Location

Areas with easily ignitable fibers or flyings present

Examples include

Fibers do not have to be suspended

Textile mills
Cotton seed mills, flax processing plants
Plants that shape, pulverize or cut wood

LESSON 2

HAZARDOUS LOCATION
EQUIPMENT

Three electrical sources of ignition

Arcs and parks
High temperatures
Electrical equipment failure

Class I enclosure (Explosion proof)

Strength to contain explosion
Flame path
o Ground surface
o Threaded

LESSON 2

HAZARDOUS LOCATION
EQUIPMENT

Class II enclosure (Dust-ignition proof)

Seal out dust
Operate below ignition temp
Allow for dust blanket

Class III enclosure

Minimize entrance of fibers
Prevent escape of sparks
Operate at temp preventing ignition of fibers

LESSON 2

SPRAY BOOTHS: OPERATIONS

AND MAINTENANCE 1910.107(G)

Spraying
only in designated spray areas
Cleaning
daily and dispose of debris immediately
Clothing storage
metal lockers or removed
Cleaning solvents
flash points of > 100oF
Hazardous materials combinations
remove material residue before changing to another
No Smoking signs
posted in spray areas

LESSON 2

SPRAY BOOTHS: OTHER

OPERATIONS 1910.107 (H), (I),
(J), (K)

Fixed electrostatic apparatus

Electrostatic hand spraying equipment

Drying, curing, or fusion apparatus

Powder coating

Organic peroxides and dual component coatings

LESSON 2

SPRAY BOOTHS: OTHER

OPERATIONS 1910.107 (H), (I),
(J), (K)

Fixed electrostatic apparatus

Electrostatic hand spraying equipment

Drying, curing, or fusion apparatus

Powder coating

Organic peroxides and dual component coatings

LESSON 3

1910.119 PROCESS SAFETY

MANAGEMENT OF HIGHLY
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
This Lesson Focuses on The Following Topics

A six step approach to use to see if your facility falls under this
standard

What duties management must undertake

The required elements of the program

What must be included in the written operations

LESSON 3

PROCESS SAFETY
MANAGEMENT OF HIGHLY
HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS:
1910.110
This section contains requirements for preventing or minimizing the
consequences of catastrophic releases of toxic, flammable, or explosive
chemicals. These releases may result in toxic, fire, or explosion hazards.
This section applies to: a process which involves a chemical at or above the
threshold quantities listed in Appendix A to this section; a process which
involves a flammable liquid or gas (as defined in 1910.1200(c)) on site, in one
location, in a quantity of 10,000 pounds (4535.9 kg) or more, except for
hydrocarbon fuels used solely for workplace consumption (such as propane
for comfort heating and gasoline for vehicle refueling) and flammable liquids
stored in atmospheric tanks which are kept below their normal boiling point
without benefit of chilling or refrigeration.
This section does not apply to: retail facilities; oil or gas well drilling or
servicing operations, or normally unoccupied remote facilities.

LESSON 3

A SIX STEP APPROACH

Identify the materials present

Identify threshold quantities in process

Are materials processed?

Establish boundaries of the process

Check OSHA interpretations

Prepare appropriate documentation that

facility is covered under this standard

LESSON 3

MANAGEMENT
RESPONSIBILITIES: WRITTEN
PROGRAM AND PROGRAM
IMPLEMENTATION

Plan
Organize
Staff
Train
Implement
Direct
Audit

LESSON 3

Required Program Elements

Maintain written safety information

Perform a workplace hazard assessment
Consult with employees on the development and conduct of hazard
assessments
Establish a system to respond to the workplace hazard assessment
findings
Review the workplace hazard assessment and response system
Develop and implement written operating procedures for the
chemical processes
Provide written safety and operating information for employee
training
Consult with employees on hazard assessments

LESSON 3

Required Program Elements

Establish a system to respond to hazard assessment findings

Each operating phase
Operating limitations
Safety and health considerations
Conduct pre-startup safety reviews
Implement written procedures to manage change

Process chemicals
Technology
Equipment
Facilities

Investigate every incident

LESSON 3

SUMMARY OF PROCESS
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
REQIREMENTS

Provide information for employees

Provide training for employees
Ensure contractors and contract employees
are informed and trained
Establish a quality assurance program
Establish maintenance systems (PMCS)

This has been a VERY brief overview of the Process Safety Management
of Highly Hazardous Chemicals Standard. If your place of employment falls
under this standard, it is recommended that appropriate employees receive
the full training course.

LESSON 4, PART A

1910.120 HAZARDOUS WASTE

OPERATIONS AND EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
This Lesson Focuses on :

Scope of standard
Application of standard
Site safety and health program
Site characterization and analysis
Site control and elements of a site control plan
Training
Medical surveillance and physician's written opinion
Engineering controls and work practices
PPE program
Monitoring
Informational programs

LESSON 4, PART A

SCOPE: 1910.120 (A) (1)

Clean-up operations at uncontrolled

hazardous waste sites

Certain operations at treatment, storage

and disposal (TSD) facilities

Emergency response operations for the

release or substantial threat of a release
of hazardous substances
Click here to view Opinions

It is highly recommended that the student refer to Definitions, 1910.120(a)(3),

or to the definitions found in the "Definitions" section of these lessons
BEFORE continuing with this lesson session.

LESSON 4, PART A

APPLICATION: 1910.120 (A)(2)

Clean-up operations must comply with all

paragraphs of the standard except (p)
and (q)
Operations at TSD facilities must comply
with paragraph (p)
Emergency response operations not
covered as a clean-up operation or TSD
facility must comply with paragraph (q)

LESSON 4, PART A

SITE SAFETY AND HEALTH

PROGRAM: 1910.120 (B)
Safety and health training program
Medical surveillance program
Standard operating procedures for safety and health
Any necessary interface between the general program and
the site specific activities

LESSON 4, PART A

SITE CHARACTERIZATION AND

ANALYSIS 1910.120 (C)
In general, hazardous waste site operations shall be
evaluated to identify specific site hazards and to determine the
appropriate safety and health control procedures needed to
protect employees from known and unknown hazards. The
following information is the minimum necessary when
performing a site characterization and analysis: the location
and approximate size of the site; description of the response
activity or job task to be performed; duration of the planned
employee activity; site topography; site accessibility; expected
safety and health hazards; status and capability of emergency
response teams; chemical monitoring; and risk identification.

LESSON 4, PART A

SITE CONTROL: 1910.120(D)

Site control shall be implemented before work begins

The site control plan shall be developed during the planning

phases of the operation

Will include, at a minimum: site map; site work zones; the

buddy system; site communications; standard operating
procedures for safe work practices; identification of nearest
medical assistance

LESSON 4, PART A

ELEMENTS OF A SITE CONTROL

PLAN

Site map

Site work zones

Use of the buddy system

Site communications and alerting procedures for emergencies

Standard operating procedures

Identification of nearest medical assistance

LESSON 4, PART A

ELEMENTS OF A SITE CONTROL

PLAN
Training: 1910.120(e)
All employees working on site (such as, but not limited to equipment
operators, general laborers, and others) and exposed to, or potentially
exposed to hazardous substances, health hazards, or safety hazards,
and their supervisors and management responsible for site activities,
shall receive training meeting the requirements of paragraph (e),
BEFORE they are permitted to engage in hazardous waste site
operations that could, or potentially could, expose them to hazardous
substances, health, or safety hazards.

LESSON 4, PART A

MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE:
1910.120(F)
Medical surveillance required:

Prior to assignment, periodically (normally annually), upon

termination or upon reassignment IF the employee works with
hazardous chemicals

If an employee shows signs or symptoms of overexposure, injury,

or becomes ill because of exposure

If an employee wears a respirator for more than 30 days/yr (or as

required by 1910.134)

If an employee is a member of a HAZMAT team

LESSON 4, PART A

MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE:
1910.120(F)
Physicians written opinion shall include the following:

Medical conditions that put the employee at increased risk

Recommended limitations on employees assignment

Result of exam and test if requested by employee

Statement that employee has been notified of results

LESSON 4, PART A

ENGINEERING CONTROLS, WORK

PRACTICES AND PPE: 1910.120(G)

Engineering controls and work practices are the preferred means

to control employee exposures

PPE may be used as an element of protecting when other controls

are not feasible
PPE shall be selected based on the hazards likely to be
encountered

A written PPE program is required

PPE and engineering controls may be used together to afford the

employee the best possible protection from hazardous substances

LESSON 4, PART A

PPE PROGRAM: 1910.120(G)

Selected based upon site hazards

Use and limitations

Work mission duration

Maintenance and storage

Decontamination and disposal

LESSON 4, PART A

PPE PROGRAM: 1910.120(G)

Training and proper fitting

Requires a written program

Donning and doffing procedures

Inspection procedures

Program evaluation

Limitations that result from temperature extremes (heat stress)

LESSON 4, PART A

MONITORING: 1910.120(H)

Monitoring conducted to assure proper selection of:

Engineering controls
Work practices
PPE

Air monitoring conducted to identify and quantify airborne

contaminants

Program must include initial monitoring, periodic monitoring and

personal monitoring of employees

LESSON 4, PART A

INFORMATIONAL PROGRAMS:
1910.120(I)

Informational programs shall be developed to inform employees,

contractors and subcontractors about the nature, level and degree
of exposures that are likely to occur

LESSON 4, PART B

1910.120 HAZARDOUS WASTE

OPERATIONS AND EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
This Lesson Focuses on :

Handling drums and containers

Decontamination
Emergency response at hazardous waste sites
Elements of an emergency response plan at hazardous waste sites
Illumination and sanitation at temporary workplaces
New technology programs

LESSON 4, PART B

1910.120 HAZARDOUS WASTE

OPERATIONS AND EMERGENCY
RESPONSE

TSD facilities and emergency response to hazardous releases at

TSD facilities
Emergency response to hazardous substance release paragraph
(q)
Elements of an emergency response plan for paragraph (q)
locations
Training for emergency response personnel
Appendices

LESSON 4, PART B

HANDLING DRUMS AND

CONTAINERS: 1910.120(J)
Hazardous substances, and contaminated soils, liquids, and other
residues shall be handled, transported, labeled, and disposed of in
accordance with 1910.120(j). Drums and containers used during cleanup shall meet appropriate DOT, OSHA, and EPA regulations for the
wastes that they contain. You should follow :

General requirements for drum and container handling

Procedures for opening drums and containers
Materials handling equipment
Radioactive, shock sensitive and lab wastes
Sampling of drums and containers
Shipping and transporting
Tanks and vaults

LESSON 4, PART B

DECONTAMINATION:
1910.120(K)

Decontamination must be
implemented prior to site entry

Standard operating procedures

must be developed to minimize
contact with hazardous
materials

All employees leaving the work

area must go through
decontamination

LESSON 4, PART B

DECONTAMINATION:
1910.120(K)

Site safety supervisor must monitor

effectiveness of the decontamination
procedures

Equipment and PPE must be

decontaminated or disposed of in a
proper manner

Regular showers and change rooms

must meet the requirements of the
OSHA sanitation standard

LESSON 4, PART B

EMERGENCY RESPONSE AT
HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES:
1910.120(L)

A written emergency response plan is

required

Employers who will evacuate all

personnel and not allow them to
participate in response efforts are
exempt from this requirement but must
prepare an emergency action plan as
required by 29 CFR 1910.38

LESSON 4, PART B

ELEMENTS OF THE EMERGENCY

RESPONSE PLAN

Pre-emergency planning

Personnel roles, lines of authority and

communication

Emergency recognition and prevention

Safe distances and places of refuge

Site security and control

Evacuation routes and procedures

LESSON 4, PART B

ELEMENTS OF THE EMERGENCY

RESPONSE PLAN

Decontamination procedures

Emergency medical treatment and first aid

Emergency alerting and response procedures

Critique of response and follow-up

PPE and emergency equipment

Site topography, layout, and prevailing weather

conditions

Procedures for reporting incidents to governmental

agencies

LESSON 4, PART B

ILLUMINATION: 1910.120(M)

Minimum level of illumination

at work site, per tableH-120 of
paragraph (m) is required.

LESSON 4, PART B

SANITATION AT TEMPORARY
WORKPLACES: 1910.120(N)
Requirements for potable and non-potable water supplies

Requirements for toilet facilities

Requirements for food handling, temporary sleeping quarters and

washing facilities

Showers and change rooms

Requires employees to shower at the end of their work shift AND

when leaving the hazardous work site

LESSON 4, PART B

NEW TECHNOLOGY
PROGRAMS: 1910.120(O)

Employers shall implement

procedures for introducing
effective new technologies

Employers shall evaluate new

technologies, equipment and
control methods

LESSON 4, PART B

TSD FACILITIES: 1910.120(P)

Written safety and health program

Hazard communication program

Medical surveillance program meeting

requirements of paragraph (f)

Decontamination program meeting

requirements of paragraph (k)

LESSON 4, PART B

TSD FACILITIES: 1910.120(P)

Elements of the Emergency Plan for TSD Facilities

Pre-emergency planning and coordination with outside parties

Personnel roles and lines of authority and communication

Emergency recognition and prevention

Safe distances and places of refuge

Site security and control

Evacuation routes and procedures

LESSON 4, PART B

TSD FACILITIES: 1910.120(P)

Decontamination procedures

Emergency medical treatment and first aid

Emergency alerting and response procedures

Critique of response and follow-up

PPE and emergency equipment

Site topography, layout, and prevailing weather conditions

Procedures for reporting incidents to governmental agencies

LESSON 4, PART B

EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO
HAZARDOUS 1910.120(Q)
Substance Release

Emergency response plans are required except where employers will

evacuate their employees

Procedures for handling an emergency response incident

Personnel and levels of training

Trainer qualifications

LESSON 4, PART B

EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO
HAZARDOUS 1910.120(Q)
Material Release

Refresher training requirements

Medical surveillance program that complies with paragraph (f)

Chemical protective clothing requirements

Post-emergency response operations

LESSON 4, PART B

ELEMENTS OF THE
EMERGENCY PLAN

Pre-emergency planning and

coordination with outside parties

Personnel roles and lines of authority

and communication

Emergency recognition and prevention

Safe distances and places of refuge

Site security and control

Evacuation routes and procedures

LESSON 4, PART B

ELEMENTS OF THE
EMERGENCY PLAN

Decontamination procedures

Emergency medical treatment and

first aid

Emergency alerting and response

procedures

Critique of response and follow-up

PPE and emergency equipment

Emergency response organizations

may use local or state plans as part
of their plan to avoid duplication

LESSON 4, PART B

RESPONSE PERSONNEL AND

TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

First responder operations level

Minimum of 8 hours training to the awareness level
Competencies for operations level

Hazardous materials technician

Minimum of 24 hours training to the operations level
Competencies for technician level

LESSON 4, PART B

RESPONSE PERSONNEL AND

TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

Hazardous materials specialist

Minimum of 24 hours training to the technician level
Competencies for the specialist level

Incident commander
Minimum 24 hours training to the operations level
Competencies for the incident commander

LESSON 4, PART B

APPENDICES

Appendix A - personal protective equipment test methods

Appendix B - general description and discussion of the levels of

protection and protective gear

Appendix C - compliance guidelines

Appendix D - references

Appendix E - training curriculum guidelines