12-Hole Cleaning-A-03-April-12
12-Hole Cleaning-A-03-April-12
12-Hole Cleaning-A-03-April-12
By
Capt. Janeshwar Prasad
Chief Chemist
IDT-ONGC-Dehradun
Cuttings volumes.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
CONTROLABLE VARIABLES
Drilling fluid weight
Drilling fluid flow rate
Drilling fluid rheology
Drilling fluid regime
Rate of penetration
Hole angle
Hole size
4
UNCONTROLABLE VARIABLES
1.
2.
Cutting density
3.
Cutting size
Vs =
Slip velocity =
2 g dc ( c f )
g
dc
c
f
=
=
=
=
1. 12 f
Gravitational constant
Diameter of cutting
Density of cutting
Density of fluid
=
=
=
=
(2) Vr
Va - Vs
8
(3) LC =
100 Vr
----Va
LC =
lifting capacity %
Vr =
and
Va
MUD
DENSITY
CUTTING
DENSITY
* 100 =
% LIFT
8.33 ppg
21 ppg
* 100 =
40 %
10.5 PPG
21 ppg
* 100 =
50 %
16.0ppg
21 ppg
* 100 =
76 %
10
M 2 = M 1 * ( 2 / 1 )
11
Flow
profile causes unequal
distribution of forces on cutting
causing the larger cuttings migrate
to the wall and slip down the well
14
15
LAMINAR FLOW
VELOCITY
16
Apparent viscosity
Plastic viscosity
Yield point
Yield point represents the force
required to initiate the flow or
cause molecules to shear past each
other
Plastic viscosity additional force
required to cause the mud to flow
at a higher rate is represented by
plastic viscosity .
19
20
21
SLIP VELOCITY-
23
DESCRIPTION
Thick mud
Intermediate
mud
Thin mud
Water
PV
YP
INITIAL
GEL
10 MM.
GEL
16
14
8
1
37
21
8
0
13
13
2
0
29
22
3
0
24
Pipe
rotation
improves
cutting transport ratio.
the
It takes time
To circulate cuttings away from
the bit and BHA before making
a connection
To
circulate the hole clean
before tripping out of the hole.
A large number of stuck pipe
incidents can be traced to not
allowing enough circulating
time before connection or trip
27
BOYCOTT SETTLING
28
In a directional well.
29
Angle of inclination
Mud properties and flow regime
Rate of penetration
Time
Flow rate
Cuttings beds
Pipe rotation and eccentricity
30
0 30 DEG.( VERTICAL )
30 65 DEG. ( TRANSITIONAL )
65 DEG. + ( HORIZONTAL )
DIRECTIONAL WELLS
31
VOL.
CUTT
ING
CON
C.
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
ANGLE OF INCLINATION-DEG.
32
Cutting
concentration
increases
dramatically and so cutting bed
formation between 30-45 deg.
Cuttings tend to settle out of the 40 to
550. Section more rapidly than in other
sections, due to a phenomenon known
as boycott settling.
Cutting beds remain constant at higher
angles, > 65 deg. They are more
packed and harder to disturb .
34
Mud weight
The
minimum
initiate
cutting
velocity
rolling
needed
is
less
to
with
heavier mud.
37
fluid
38
When
annular
fluid
is
laminar,
thin,
Hydraulic
hole
cleaning
may
be
trips
and
drill
string
bed
and
encourage
allowing
pipe
rotation
and
Rate of penetration :
losses,
will
provide
44
45
46
and
thicker
as
angle
27
17
12
0-30
deg.
2.25
1.75
1.5
1.25
3065deg
2.75
2.5
1.75
1.5
65+
3+
1.75
49
Angle
Depth (ft)
CSF
CSF*
Depth(ft)
0 -30
0 -4000
1.5
6000
30-65
4000-6000
1.75
3500
65+
600012000
12000
Total
Depth
=
6000+3500
+12000 =
21500Ft
50
Control of ROP
0 30 DEG.( VERTICAL )
30 65 DEG. ( TRANSITIONAL )
65 DEG. + ( HORIZONTAL )
DIRECTIONAL WELLS
53
0 45 DEG.
45 55 DEG.
55 DEG. +
DIRECTIONAL WELLS
54
Highest