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    Plasma Sterilization

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    Sutan Muhamad Sadam
    Plasma sterilization uses ionized gases or plasmas to effectively sterilize surfaces in a manner that avoids heat, chemicals, or radiation damage. Plasmas work through three synergistic mechanisms - interactions with free radicals, UV/VUV radiation effects, and volatilization of microbiological matter. Various plasma sterilization methods exist including dielectric barrier discharge, inductively coupled plasma, atmospheric pressure plasma jets, and microwave plasmas. Parameters like power, frequency, pressure, and the presence of packaging or complex geometries can impact sterilization efficacy, but plasma sterilization is often faster than conventional methods and preserves treated materials.

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    Plasma Sterilization

    Uploaded by

    Sutan Muhamad Sadam
    484 views28 pages
    Plasma sterilization uses ionized gases or plasmas to effectively sterilize surfaces in a manner that avoids heat, chemicals, or radiation damage. Plasmas work through three synergistic mechanisms - interactions with free radicals, UV/VUV radiation effects, and volatilization of microbiological matter. Various plasma sterilization methods exist including dielectric barrier discharge, inductively coupled plasma, atmospheric pressure plasma jets, and microwave plasmas. Parameters like power, frequency, pressure, and the presence of packaging or complex geometries can impact sterilization efficacy, but plasma sterilization is often faster than conventional methods and preserves treated materials.

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    Plasma sterilization uses ionized gases or plasmas to effectively sterilize surfaces in a manner that avoids heat, chemicals, or radiation damage. Plasmas work through three synergistic mechanisms - interactions with free radicals, UV/VUV radiation effects, and volatilization of microbiological matter. Various plasma sterilization methods exist including dielectric barrier discharge, inductively coupled plasma, atmospheric pressure plasma jets, and microwave plasmas. Parameters like power, frequency, pressure, and the presence of packaging or complex geometries can impact sterilization efficacy, but plasma sterilization is often faster than conventional methods and preserves treated materials.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    484 views28 pages

    Plasma Sterilization

    Uploaded by

    Sutan Muhamad Sadam
    Plasma sterilization uses ionized gases or plasmas to effectively sterilize surfaces in a manner that avoids heat, chemicals, or radiation damage. Plasmas work through three synergistic mechanisms - interactions with free radicals, UV/VUV radiation effects, and volatilization of microbiological matter. Various plasma sterilization methods exist including dielectric barrier discharge, inductively coupled plasma, atmospheric pressure plasma jets, and microwave plasmas. Parameters like power, frequency, pressure, and the presence of packaging or complex geometries can impact sterilization efficacy, but plasma sterilization is often faster than conventional methods and preserves treated materials.

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    Plasma

    Sterilization
    Applications of plasmas for
    sterilization in medical, food
    processing, ventilating, and
    air conditioning industries

    Outline
    What is sterilization?
    Current sterilization means
    Solution: Plasma Sterilization
    How it works
    Disadvantages
    Methods of Plasma Sterilization

    What is Sterilization?

    Sterilization is any process or


    procedure designed to entirely
    eliminate microorganisms from a
    material or medium

    Current Sterilization
    Means: Heat

    Types: dry and moist heat


    Medium is exposed to moist heat (steam) generated
    by an autoclave, or dry heat in a heater
    Pressures: 103 kPa
    Temperatures: 120-140 oC
    Steam transfers sufficient heat to
    microorganisms to inflict demise
    Exposure time ~ 30 minutes
    Can cause permanent damage,
    and alter material properties
    significantly

    Current Sterilization Means:


    Chemical

    EtO, H2O2, O3, bleach most


    commonly used
    Applications when heat is
    damaging to the medium
    Damages fiber optics,
    electronics, some plastics
    Introduces toxicity

    Current Sterilization Means:


    Irradiation

    Types: Gamma radiation, Bremsstrahlung, X Rays


    Medium is subjected to radiation radiochemical
    and radionucleic reactions cellular death
    Disadvantages:
    Embrittlement
    Chain Scission
    Cross Linking
    Costly

    Current Sterilization Means:


    Plasmas?
    Yes.
    Plasmas are currently employed in many
    industries to accomplish both highly
    effective, and delicate sterilization.
    Not future technology! Plasmas are
    used today!
    But, how do they work?

    Plasma Sterilization in Summary

    A plasma is a quasi-neutral collection of


    electrons, positive ions, and neutrals
    capable of collective behavior
    Positive ions = free radicals
    Plasma sterilization operates
    synergistically via three mechanisms:
    Free

    radicals interactions
    UV/VUV radiative effects
    Volatilization

    Dead microorganisms = sterilization

    Plasma Sterilization Mechanics: IR


    Volatilization

    IR is able to vaporize microbiological


    matter, causing physical destruction of
    spores.
    Charged particles react with cellular
    chemical bonds of microbiological layer to
    form gaseous compounds volatile
    compounds.

    Plasma Sterilization Mechanics: Ionizing


    Radiation (IR)

    IR (UV/VUV radiation) can damage DNA/RNA,


    chemical cellular bonds, and induces free radicals to
    perpetuate the process
    Damaged DNA/RNA microbial death by 4
    mechanisms:

    Apoptosis nucleases become hardwired to shrink and


    cause cell to commit suicide. Caused by DNA/RNA damage
    Autophagy Formation of double membrane vacuoles in
    cytoplasm separation of mitochondria and ribosomes
    protein production stopped cell death
    Necrosis Murder by cell swelling
    Mitotic Catastrophe radiation causes mis-segregation of
    chromosomes, leading to Apoptosis.

    Plasma Sterilization Mechanics: IR (Cellular


    View)

    IR impacts the cell, three outcomes can


    result.

    Plasma Sterilization Mechanics: IR


    (Chemical View)

    Free radicals O* and OH* play


    crucial role in microorganism
    destruction by way of chemical
    reactions
    O*, OH* highly reactive ~ 10-9 s

    Hydrogen Abstraction & Double Bond


    Cleavage

    Plasma Sterilization Mechanics: IR (Nucleic Acid View), UV


    Radiation

    UV/VUV radiation causes


    formation of thymine dimers in DNA,
    inhibiting bacterial replication.
    Base damage
    Strand breaks

    Plasma Sterilization Mechanics: IR (Nucleic Acid View),


    Charged Particles

    Charged species in the plasma can damage DNA


    if formed in the vicinity of chromatin.
    RSH act as radical scavengers

    Quantifying Sterilization Efficacy

    i.e. Time required for the microbial population to be


    reduced to one decimal

    Disadvantages of Plasma Sterilization

    Weak penetrating power of the plasma


    species. Complications arise in:
    Presence

    of organic residue
    Packaging material
    Complex geometries
    Bulk sterilization of many devices

    Solutions: Introduce preferentially


    targetting UV/VUV radiation of proper
    wavelength

    Methods of Plasma Sterilization


    Dielectric Discharge Barrier (DBD)
    Inductively Coupled Plasmas (ICP)
    Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet
    (AAPJ)
    Microwave (MW) Plasmas

    Dielectric Discharge Barrier (DBD)

    High AC voltage (1.2 kV), atmospheric pressure, 200-300


    W
    Dielectric layers allow for plasma discharge to reach
    material surface

    Inductively Coupled Plasmas (ICP)

    Plasma generated via coils oppositely faced, 13.56 MHz RF


    source
    Magnetic flux perpendicular to substrate E field
    envelopes volume of chamber
    Roughing pump needed

    Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet


    (AAPJ)

    RF coupled capacitive discharge neutral, cold


    effluent with high concentrations of reactive
    species and UV/VUV radiation.
    Atmospheric pressure
    Oxygen formed by interactions at the exit

    Microwave (MW) Plasmas

    Gas enters through an inlet


    Interacts with incoming microwaves from a
    waveguide
    kW magnetron power supply

    Sterilization Efficacy

    Sterilization Efficacy
    MW plasma most effective ( ~ s)
    All methods < 10 min treatment
    time (much less than conventional
    methods!)

    Parameters effecting Sterilization and


    Plasmas

    Parameters contd

    Pressure: volatilization rate, EEDF, residence time of


    active species
    Power: increased power increased electron density.
    Thermolabile concerns.
    Frequency: determines EEDF
    Quantity: loading effect
    Microbiological layer: inhibits free radical reaction,
    requires volatilization
    Geometry: complex geometries impede reaction rates
    Packaging: plasmas have low penetrability efficacy low

    Conclusions
    Plasmas accomplish sterilization on
    order of minutes, or even seconds
    Medium preservation
    No toxicity introduced
    Economical

    Questions?

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