3308lecture 1 - Introduction Hydraulics and Hydrology
3308lecture 1 - Introduction Hydraulics and Hydrology
3308lecture 1 - Introduction Hydraulics and Hydrology
Hydrology and
Hydraulics
Lecture Week 1
Lecture 1: Introduction
Course Objectives
HYDROLOGY:
Engineering applications of hydrologic science
Hydrologic cycle
Basic statistics in hydrology
Precipitation data analysis
Watershed characteristics
Rainfall-runoff analysis
Hydrologic design:
Class Schedule
Design rainfall
Monday: 2-4 pm
Design flows
Lab Friday: 3-6
Hydrograph analysis
Hydrologic routing processes
Groundwater hydrology
Broad Objectives
Learning Outcomes
Students will able to
fit probability distributions to hydrologic processes such as rainfall
and streamflow, and they understand the breadth and limitations of
statistical methods
understand the concepts of excess rainfall and direct runoff.
estimate the time of concentration of a watershed, based on
information about surface type and travel length, slope, and rainfall
intensity
develop design storms and estimate infiltration and hydrologic losses
based on information about land use and soil type
estimate peak discharges and develop unit hydrographs and design
hydrographs for small-scale watersheds
learn a basic understanding of hydrologic and hydraulic methods of
flow routing
Available software
Course Evaluation
Homework & Class Attendance: 20%
Two Tests
1st Test: 20%
2nd Test: 20%
Final Exam: 40%
Total Marks: 100%
Outline
Hydrology
Hydrology (Greek: Hydor, "water"; and
logos, "study") is the study of the
movement, distribution, and quality of
water throughout the Earth, and thus
addresses both the hydrologic cycle and
water resources.
Hydrology Domains
Hydrometeorology, Surface hydrology,
Hydrogeology/Groundwater Hydrology,
Watershed hydrology, Chemical
hydrology, Hydroinformatics, Drainage
basin management and water quality.
Related Fields
Aquatic chemistry
Civil engineering
Climatology
Environmental engineering
Environmental engineering science
Geomorphology
Hydrography
Hydraulic engineering
Limnology
Oceanography
Physical geography
Hydrologic
Prediction
Statistical Hydrology
Statistical properties of hydrologic records, such
as rainfall or river flow.
Hydrologists can estimate future hydrologic
phenomena
These estimates are important for proper risk
analysis
Hydrologic Modeling
Understanding of the
behaviour of hydrologic systems to make
better predictions and to face the major
challenges in water resources management
Applications
Study the water balance of a region & the agricultural water balance
Designing riparian restoration projects
Mitigating and predicting flood, landslide and drought risk
Real-time flood forecasting and flood warning
Designing irrigation schemes and managing agricultural productivity
Part of the hazard module in catastrophe modeling
Providing drinking water
Designing dams for water supply or hydroelectric power generation
Designing bridges
Designing sewers and urban drainage system
Analyzing the impacts of antecedent moisture on sanitary sewer
systems
Predicting geomorphological changes, such as erosion or
sedimentation.
Assessing the impacts of natural and environmental change on water
resources
Assessing contaminant transport risk and establishing environmental
policy guidelines
Hydrologic Cycle
Water
moves
throughout
the Earth by
different
pathways
and at
different
rates
Cloud Formation
Rain Clouds
Evaporation
Precipitation
Runoff
Soil
Storage
Transpiration
Stream
Infiltration
Vegetation
Percolation
Ocean
Groundwater Flow
Hydrologic Cycle
Groundwater Reservoir
Withdrawal (km3/yr)
7000
Population (million)
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
Global Freshwater
Global Water
Water Availability vs
Population
Climate - Malaysia
Malaysia has a hot and humid tropical climate
marked by seasonal variations in rainfall
The annual mean rainfall
Peninsular Malaysia: 2,540 mm
Sabah: 2,630 mm
Sarawak: 3,850 mm
Highest 5,500 mm of annual rainfall in
Sarawak
Mean annual temperature is 27C (25 -30o)
Relative humidity is high (85 - 95%)
Topography of P.
Malaysia
Topography of East
Malaysia
ds
Input Output
dt
S P I R G E T
End
Next Lecture
Statistical Hydrology