Membrane Separation
Membrane Separation
Membrane Separation
Separation
By
Nitish Gupta
Chemical Engineering 3rd year
Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology
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1. Overview
Membrane separation process is a feed
consisting of a mixture of two or more
components are partially separated by
means of semi permeable barrier (the
membrane) through which one or more
species move faster than another or
other species.
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3.Desirable attributes
Good permeability.
High selectivity.
Chemical and Mechanical compatibility with
the processing environment.
Ability to withstand large pressure
differences across the membrane thickness.
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4. Membrane materials
All the membrane materials are made
from synthetic and natural polymer.
These polymers can be formed by
addition, condensation or by the
copolymerization processes.
Thermoplastic polymer membranes can
be used for the temperature upto glass
transition temperature.
Thermosetting polymers never melts.
4. Permeance factor
To be effective for separating a mixture
of chemical component a polymer
membrane should have high permeance
and a high permeance ratio.
The permeance of the given species
diffusing through membrane of given
thickness is analogous to mass transfer
coefficient. i.e. flow rate of that
species per unit cross sectional area of
membrane per unit driving force
( pressure, concentration etc.)
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5. Transport in membranes
It is important to understand the nature
of transport phenomenon in membranes
because both the permeance and driving
force depends on the mechanism of
transport.
Membranes can be macro porous, micro
porous and dense ( non-porous).
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Contd.
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DIALYSIS
Dialysis is membrane processes that
use pressure difference as the driving
force.
It is of great importance in
hemodialysis, in which urea, creatine,
uric acid, phosphate and chlorides are
removed from blood without removing
essential higher molecular weight
compounds and blood cells. This dialysis
is called as artificial kidney.
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REVERSE OSMOSIS
It refers to the passage of solvent such
as water, through a dense membrane
i.e. permeable to the solvent, but not
the solute.
It was first experimented by Nollet
with water, an alcohol and an animal
bladder.
Reverse osmosis is applied to the
desalination and purification of sea
water, brackish water and waste water. 19
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PERVAPORATION
pervaporation is the combination of
two
words
perm
selective
and
evaporation.
Here vaporization may occur near the
downstream face of the membrane,
such that the membrane can considered
to operate with two zones, a liquid
phase zone and a vapor phase zone as
shown in the figure.
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Contd.
Thank you
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