Monumental Architecture
Monumental Architecture
Monumental Architecture
INTRODUCTION:
Full Name
Original Name :
Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky
Nationality
American
Born
February20,1901
Kuressaare, Govt.of Estonia
Russian Empire
Died
March17,1974(aged73)
due to heart attack
Pennsylvania station,
New York city.
Background Timeline
1901: Born in Osel, Estonia
1905: Came to Philidelphia, USA
1928: Studied classical architecture in Europe
1937-1939: Participated in Public Housing Projects
1947: Taught at Yale Univ.
1955: Taught at Univ. of Pennsylvania
1965: F.A.I.A. Medal of Honor Danish Architectural
Association,
1971: Gold Medal, A.I.A.,
1972: Royal Gold Medal for Architecture, R.I.B.A.,
1974: Passed away
CAREER:
ZANTZINGER
GEORGE HOWE
OSCAR STONOROV
The sun never knew how great it was until it hit the side of a building
Louis Kahn
INFLUENCES:
Kahn did not find his distinctive architectural
style until he was in his fifties.
Initially working in a fairly orthodox version of the
International Style, a stay at the American Academy
in Rome in the early 1950s marked a turning point
in Kahn's career.
The back-to-the-basics approach he adopted
after visiting the ruins of ancient buildings in Italy,
Greece, and Egypt helped him to develop his own
style of architecture influenced by earlier modern
movements.
Influenced by ancient ruins, Kahn's style tends
to the monumental and monolithic; his heavy
buildings do not hide their weight, their materials,
or the way they are assembled.
''Even A
Brick Wants To
Be Something'' -
Louis Kahn
CONCEPTS:
He believe that the buildings function should
determine the space that is going to be created, in
consequence color, materials, acoustic, rhythm, and
the projects circulation will depended on the
essence of the creation.
The importance of his buildings is due to the
almost perfect integration of mass and shape. For
Kahn, mass was always analyse rationally as a
question of destruction. Well space was to find more
mystically in terms of natural light.
Kahn used materials natural color and texture to
emphasize the importance of light in his
compositions.
For Kahn it was natural light that brought
Architecture to life. The artificial light had a very
good quality in contrast to the ever changing
daylight.
Working with simple materials especially Brick and
Concrete. Kahn apply his principles to create
buildings in steel with a spiritual quality for which he
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Monumental Architecture
In English the word "monumental" is often used in reference to something of
extraordinary size and power, as in monumental sculpture, but also to mean simply
anything made to commemorate the dead, as a funerary monument or other example
of funerary art. The word comes from the Latin "monere," which means 'to remind', 'to
advise' or 'to warn.
Monumental architecture, to archaeologists refers to large man-made structures of
stone or earth. These generally are used as public buildings or spaces, such
as pyramids, large tombs, large mounds(but not single burials), plazas, platform
mounds, temples, standing stones, and the like. The defining characteristic of
monumental architecture is typically its public nature--the fact that the structure or
space was built by lots of people for lots of people to look at or share in the use of,
whether the labor was coerced or consensual.
Monumental Architecture
But monumental architecture can also include anything large and made by
humans. Some examples include Stonehenge, the Giza Pyramids, the Hagia
Sophia, Poverty Point earthworks, and Chankillo observatory.
Buildings designed as landmarks, usually built with extraordinary feature
such as tallest, largest or distinctive design such as the Burj Khalifa, the
world's tallest structure as the landmark of Dubai.
Structures created for others purposes that have been made notable by
their age, size or historic significance may also be regarded as monuments.
This can happen because of great age and size, as in the case of the Great
Wall of China, or because an event of great importance occurred there such
as the village of Oradour-sur-Glane in France. Many countries use Ancient
monument or similar terms for the official designation of protected structures
or archeological sites which may originally have been ordinary domestic
houses or other buildings.
Monumental Architecture
Monuments are ideological statements about social and political relations. These
statements are usually assumed to express relations of power and especially
domination/subordination, but may they also represent elements of social
integration.(-Pillock) This is significant, especially when only evaluating
architecture and maps in situations when little or no excavation has been
conducted.
Plaza,
Pyramid,
Temples and Shrines,
Astronomical Observatory,
Synagogue or Church,
Megalithic Tombs and Monuments,
Large Shell Mounds called Megamiddens.
Examples:
Type
Architectural style
Modern
Structural system
Reinforced concrete
Location
Started
1961
Completed
1982
Total Area
LAKE
MIRPUR ROAD
ROAD
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
Kahn's key design philosophy optimizes the use of
space while representing Bangladeshi heritage and
culture.
External lines are deeply recessed by porticoes with
huge openings of regular geometric shapes on their
exterior, shaping the building's overall visual impact.
Upper levels of the block (that contains the Chamber) contain the visitor and press
galleries, as well as communication booths, all of which overlook the Parliament
Chamber.
The block also contains:
at level one, a library;
at level three, MPs lounges; and
at the upper level, party rooms.
PRESIDENTIAL PLAZA
The Presidential Plaza lies to the North and faces the Lake Road. It functions as an
intimate plaza for the MPs and other dignitaries. It contains marble steps, a gallery
and an open pavement.
MATERIALS:
The predominant materials are the concrete and red brick exterior that give the image of the
complex
STRUCTURE:
One cannot find a column inside the
building. The columns have disappeared
inside the divisive elements that have
adopted the function of bearing walls.
It's more like a large mass of concrete
that has been digging and sculpting itself
to achieve a perfect functional entity.
One of the most important
considerations to take into account
during the project was protection from
the sun and heavy rains and at the same
time allow the free circulation of air. This
was achieved by giving the facades at
grade geometric openings in the form of
triangles, rectangles, circles and arcs.
It avoids any conventional method of
placing the windows on the outside as
well as the disadvantages of the
composition of a typical monument
building.
Natural lighting
SUMMARY:
If we look at the history of architecture since its beginning, say from the time of the
pyramids to modern times, and make a list of the most significant buildings, it is likely
that the National Assembly of Bangladesh will occupy quite a prominent position. One
could say that it was the culmination of the modern period of architecture and the
beginning of the post-modern era.
INTRODUCTION:
The Salk Institute for Biological Studies is perhaps the most poetic and largest Kahn
building in the United States.
Kahn made numerous proposals for its master plan before deciding on the version
developed.
However, in 1965, the master plan had not been completed and missing to build houses
for staff and other auxiliary structures.
CONCEPT:
The project did not have a formal program starting to work on, but emerged from
discussions between client and architect.
Kahn managed to persuade the customer that it was necessary to create two separate
environments
(1) Consists of cells of well-furnished patio in front of a home and community
(2) Gallery space with good services.
SITUATION:
Located in La Jolla, California, USA, on a cliff overlooking the Pacific Ocean.
The city of San Diego provided the ground for the Institute.
Salk offered various locations from which to choose and Kahn took with him to help him
choose. The site chosen is a great spot located on a cliff on the coast in the area of La Jolla.
PACIFIC OCEAN
FIRST PHASE:
In the first phase of the project,
Kahn designed a tower that would
be in the labs.
They also placed a building known
as the Meeting House, a place to
organize meetings, which had a
cafeteria and other services.
There would be a recreation room
in which workers would relax,
placed in the top of the cliffs, like
the earlier buildings, and finally a
housing placed in the bottom of the
cliff.
These four buildings are separated
from each other, communicating via
external deambulatorios.
SCHEME ONE
SECOND PHASE:
SCHEME TWO
THIRD PHASE:
The third phase of the project was the final.
In it, the laboratories are divided into two
blocks separated by a plaza.
At this stage there are three floors for
laboratories and three mezzanines situated in
the middle of the previous hosting facilities.
These floors are higher than those designed
in the second phase, so that they can walk
upright, although its use is the same.
FINAL SCHEME
ARCHITECTURE:
The major design influence on the structure that consists
STRUCTURE:
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