4 Transportation Systems
4 Transportation Systems
4 Transportation Systems
ON SYSTEMS
3.0
3.0
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3.1.2 Types of Elevators
1. Electric elevators
Bulkhead
Penthouse
Hoisting Machinery
Control Panel
Idle Sheave
Hoistway
Hoisting Cable
3.3 Chutes
3.4 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning
Transportation
Systems
Machine Beam
Bank
Landing
Guide Rail
Traveling Cable
Rise
Hoistway Door
Counterweight
Limit Switch
Elevator Pit
Bottom Car Clearance
Buffer
3.0
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
2. Oil-hydraulic elevators
Car Frame
The structural steel
frame of an elevator
car to which are
attached the platform,
guide shoes, elevator
car safety, hoisting
cables and control
equipment
Machine Room
A room housing the
hoisting machinery,
control equipment, and
sheaves for raising and
lowering an elevator car
Lantern
A light, usually over the entrance to an
elevator on each floor of a multistory
building that signals the approach of the
elevator
Annunciator
A signaling apparatus in an
elevator car or at a landing that
displays a visual indication of floor
landings
Call Button
A pus button for requesting an
elevator
Door Interlock
A safety device for preventing the
operation of an elevator car unless
the hoistway door is locked in the
closed position
Door Contact
A safety device for preventing the operation of
an elevator car unless its door or gate is fully
closed
3.0
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3.1.3 Parts of an Electric
Elevator
1. Shaft
vertical passageway for car and
counterweights.
2. Car
a cage of light metal supported on a
structural frame, the top member of
which the cables, that carry the car,
are fastened.
3. Cables
are the means for lifting or lowering
the car, usually 3 to 8 cables placed
in parallel fastened to top of car by
cable sockets passing over a motor
driven cylindrical sheave to the
counterweights.
3.0
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
4. Counterweights
9. Safety Devices
a) Main Brake
mounted directly on the shaft of the
elevator machine.
5. Guide Rails
are vertical tracks that guide the car and
the counterweights.
6. Machine Room
a room usually placed directly above the
shaft in which the elevator machine is
housed. It contains the motor-generator
(MG) set which supplies energy to the
elevator machine, the control board and
the control equipment.
b) Safety Switch
is designed to stop an elevator car
automatically before car speed becomes
excessive. On overspeed, the speed
governor will cut off power to the motor
and set the brake.
7. Elevator Machine
turns the sheave that lifts and lowers the
car.
8. Controls
a combination of push buttons, contacts,
relays, and devices, operated manually or
automatically to initiate door opening,
starting acceleration, retardation, leveling
and stopping of the car.
3.0
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3.0
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
2) One-to-One Double Wrap
Traction Machine
cables first wrap over the traction
sheave T, then around the
secondary or idler sheave S, and
once more going around T and S to
the counterweights. This provides
greater traction and is used in many
automatic high-speed installations.
3.0
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
4) Underslung System
is used where the elevator machine
is located at the basement.
3.0
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
2) Geared Traction Machine
this type of machine employs a
worm and gear between the driving
motor and the sheave. It is
considered to be less superior to the
gearless traction machine since it
has more moving parts and requires
more maintenance. Used for low
and medium speed passenger and
freight elevators.
3.0
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3) Electronic Group Supervisory
Dispatching and Control
this system is used to control not
only single elevators but an entire
group or bank of cars. During peak
periods, all cars are in operation;
automatically, the system shuts
down successively cars as the
number of passengers reduces and
return them to service as the
number of passengers again
increases to a high peak.
The system of Otis Elevator
Company is called autotronic
elevatoring. The system of
Westinghouse Electric Co. is called
the selectomatic elevator system.
3.0
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
rail
car
guide shoe
plunger
motor
pump
buffer spring
3.0
3.1.8 Dumbwaiters
3.1 Elevators &
Dumbwaiters
3.2 Escalators &
Conveyors
3.3 Chutes
3.4 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning
Transportation
Systems
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3.0
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3.2.1 Definition of
Escalator
1) Truss
a welded steel frame which supports
the moving stairway equipment. It
comes in 3 sections: the middle
straight section maybe of any
desired length to provide rises of
different heights.
= 32 and 48
= 30 degrees
= variable
= 90 fpm and
120 fpm
3.0
2) Tracks
are steel angles attached to the
truss on which the step rollers are
guided thus controlling the motion of
the steps.
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
4) Controller
consists of contactors, relays and a
circuit breaker. Usually located near
the drive machine, an emergency
stop button wired to the controller
and placed in or near the escalator,
will stop the drive machine and
apply the brake. Key operated
control switches, at the top and
bottom newels, will start, stop, and
reverse the direction of travel of the
stairway.
5) Handrail and Balustrade
Assembly
Rubbercovered
handrail
handrail guide
longitudinal cording
canvas layers
inside balustrade
3.0
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
4) In case of over-speed or underspeed, an automatic governor shuts
down the escalator, prevents
reversal of direction and operates
the service brake.
5) An emergency stop switch is
located near the comb plate which
may be manually operated to stop
the escalator. The electric controls
are also designed to shut down the
stairway, if by some accident, it is
caused to reverse direction.
3.0
1) Rolling Shutter
This shuts off the well way at a given
floor, thus preventing draft and the
spread of fire upward through
escalator wells. The movement of
the shutter is actuated by
temperature and smoke relays.
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3.0
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3.0
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3) Smoke Guard
3.0
4) Sprinkler Vent
3.1 Elevators &
Dumbwaiters
3.2 Escalators &
Conveyors
3.3 Chutes
3.4 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning
Transportation
Systems
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3.0
Types of installations
Horizontal or level
Bi-level
Overpass installation
Underpass installation
3.0
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
People Mover
Any of various forms of mass transit, as
moving sidewalks or automated driverless
vehicles, used for shuttling people around
airports or in congested urban areas
Moving Sidewalk
A power-driven, continuously moving
surface, similar to a conveyor belt,
used for carrying pedestrians
horizontally or along low inclines
Inclined Lift
A platform mounted on a steel
guide rail and driven by an
electric motor used for raising
or lowering a person or
moving along a stairway. Also
called a stair lift
3.0
3.3 Chutes
3.1 Elevators &
Dumbwaiters
3.2 Escalators &
Conveyors
3.3 Chutes
3.4 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning
Transportation
Systems
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
3.0
Cage/Cab
An enclosure for housing the operator
and the hoisting mechanism, power plant
and equipment controlling a crane.
3.4.1 Definitions
Accidental Contact
Car
3.3 Chutes
3.4 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning
Transportation
Systems
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
Balustrades
The frames on either side of the moving
steps of an escalator.
Buffer
A device designed to stop a descending
car or counterweight beyond its normal
limit of travel by absorbing and
dissipating the kinetic energy of the car or
counterweight.
Crane
Means a machine for lifting or lowering a
load and moving it horizontally, the
hoisting mechanism being an integral part
of the machine.
Dumbwaiter
A hoisting and lowering mechanism
equipped with a car not to exceed 3861
sqcm in area and a maximum height of
1.20m, the capacity of which does not
exceed 277 kilos, used exclusively for
carrying materials.
3.0
Elevator
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
otherwise removable doors or sections to
permit inspection, lubrication or proper
maintenance.
3.3 Chutes
Elevator Landing
Guarded
3.4 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning
Transportation
Systems
Enclosed
Means that the moving parts of a
machine are so guarded that physical
contact by any part of the human body is
precluded or prevented. This does not
however prohibit the use of hinged,
sliding or
Escalator
A power driven, inclined, continuous
stairway for raising or lowering
passengers.
Hoist
An apparatus for raising or lowering a
load by the application of a building force,
but does not include a car or platform. It
may be base-mounted, hook suspension,
monorail, overhead, simple drum type or
trolley suspension.
Hoistway
A shaftway for the travel of one or more
elevators or dumbwaiters.
3.0
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
Machine
Process Machine
Machine house
An enclosure for housing the hoisting
mechanism and power plant.
Machine Parts
Any or all moving parts of a machine.
Moving Walk
A type of horizontal passenger-carrying
device on which passengers stand or
walk, with its surface remaining parallel to
its direction of motion and is
uninterrupted.
Travelling Cable
A cable made up of electric conductors
which provides electrical connection
between an elevator or dumbwaiter car
and a fixed outlet in the hoistway.
3.0
3.4.3 Cranes
3.1 Elevators &
Dumbwaiters
3.2 Escalators &
Conveyors
3.3 Chutes
3.4 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning
Transportation
Systems
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
4. A gong or other effective warning
device shall be mounted on each
cage or cab.
5. Temporary crane operation
without warning device may be
allowed provided there is a flagman
whose sole duty is to warn those in
the path of the crane or its load.
6. The maximum rated load of all
cranes shall be plainly marked on
each side of the crane. If the crane
has more than one hoisting unit,
each hoist shall have marked on it or
its load block, its rated capacity
clearly legible from the ground or
floor.
3.0
3.4.4 Hoists
3.1 Elevators &
Dumbwaiters
3.2 Escalators &
Conveyors
3.3 Chutes
3.4 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning
Transportation
Systems
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
5. Each electric hoist motor shall be
provided with an electrically or
mechanically operated brake so
arranged that the brake will be
applied automatically when the
power is cut off from the hoist.
3.4.5 Elevators
3.0
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
surface. The angle of inclination of
such ladder or stairs shall not
exceed 60 from the horizontal. This
room shall not be used as living
quarters or depository of other
materials and shall be provided with
adequate ventilation.
6. Minimum number of hoisting
ropes shall be three (3) for traction
elevators and two (2) for drum.
7. The minimum diameter of
hoisting and counterweight ropes
shall be 30 mm.
8. Elevators shall be provided with
overload relay and reverse polarity
relay.
9. In high rise apartments or
residential condominiums of more
than five (5) stories, at least one
passenger elevator shall be kept on
24 hour constant service.
3.0
3.4.6 Escalators
3.1 Elevators &
Dumbwaiters
3.2 Escalators &
Conveyors
3.3 Chutes
3.4 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning
Transportation
Systems
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
5. The rated speed, measured
along the angle of inclination, shall
be not more than 38 mpm.
6. Starting switches shall be key
operated and located within sight of
escalator steps.
7. Emergency buttons shall be
conspicuously and accessibly
located at or near the top and
bottom landings but protected from
accidental contact.
THANK YOU!
THE END
TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEMS
END