PPT
PPT
PPT
the context of
PILE CAPACITIES
What are the various capacities of pile commonly used in
practice?
Axial capacity
Lateral capacity
Pullout capacity or Tension capacity
The lateral capacity of a pile is usually defined as the
load corresponding to a specified deflection of pile head from its
plumb. The amount of this deflection is usually suggested by the
local codes based on the structure(s) for which the pile
foundation is designed.
A vertical pile resists lateral load by mobilizing passive pressure
in the soil surrounding it.
X
Figure 7
Rigid pile
Flexible pile
Figure 14
Figure 15
Meyerhofs method
The ultimate lateral resistance of rigid pile, Qur is expressed by Meyerhof
et al.(1981) as
Where is average unit weight of sand; d is the diameter of pile; L is
embedded length of pile; Kb is coefficient of net passive earth pressure on
pile using an average angle of skin friction = /3. Where is the angle of
internal friction. However the ultimate lateral load resistance of flexible pile
was presented by Meyerhof et al. (1988) as
Where Le is the effective embedded length of flexible pile. Meyerhof and
Yalcin (1984) suggested that if relative stiffness ratio Krs is less than 10-1
to 10-2 then the pile can be consider as flexible pile.
Pile group
Patra & Pise (2001) reported that the ultimate resistance of the pile
group can be represented by
Where, QLg is ultimate lateral resistance of
the pile
group, F is frictional resistance on the vertical
plane
along the side of the pile group of width
equal to
centre to centre distance between external
piles and
embedded length L and Pp passive earth
pressure for
the front pile as shown in Figure 1.
Initial TestThis test is required for one or more of the following purposes.
a) Determination of ultimate load capacities and arrival at safe load by
application of factor of safety,
b) To provide guidelines for setting up the limits of acceptance for routine
tests,
c) To study the effect of piling on adjacent existing structures and take
decision for the suitability of type of piles to be used,
d) To get an idea of suitability of piling system, and
e) To have a check on calculated load by dynamic or static approaches.
Routine TestThis test is required for One or more or the following purposes.
a) One or the criteria to determine the safe load of the pile;
b) Checking safe load and extent of safety for the specific functional
requirement of the pile at working load
c) Detection of any unusual performance contrary to the findings of the initial
test, if carried out.
Application of Load:
Incremental load each increment being of about 20 percent of safe
load
an the pile. For testing of raker piles it is essential that loading is
along
the axis.
The next increment should be applied after the rate of displacement
is nearer to 01 mm per 30 minutes.
STIFFNESS FACTORS
The lateral soil resistance for granular soils and normally consolidated
clays which have varying soil modulus is modeled according to the
equation:
p/y = h z
where p = lateral soil reaction per unit length of pile at depth z below
ground level; y = lateral pile deflection; and h = modulus of sub grade
reaction for which the recommended values are given in Table 3.
The lateral soil resistance for preloaded clays with constant soil
modulus is modeled according to the equation:
p/ y = K
Where
Stiffness Factors
For Piles in Sand and
Normally Loaded Clays: