WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY (TAS 3010) LECTURE NOTES 9b - Flocculation
WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY (TAS 3010) LECTURE NOTES 9b - Flocculation
WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY (TAS 3010) LECTURE NOTES 9b - Flocculation
CHAPTER 9 :
Water
Treatment
Process :
Flocculation
CHAPTER 3:
Environmental Microbiology
1) Introduction
2) Flocculation Theory
3) Flocculation Factors
4) Velocity Gradient
5) Flocculation Types
- Slow
- Slow mixing process in which particles are brought into contact in
order to promote their agglomeration.
- Conversion factors simplify changing from one unit of measurement to
another.
- There are two conditions under which water is measured—water at
rest and water in motion. Water at rest is measured in units of volume.
Water in motion is measured in units of flow— unit of volume for a
convenient time unit. It is important that the difference between a unit of
volume and a unit of flow be kept in mind.
Relies on turbulence
Accomplished by gentle stirring
Enhance sedimentation
1) pH
i. Prominent factor
2) Tank volume
V=Qt
Where:
V = volume
Q = flow
t = detention time
t=V
Q
Where:
V = tank volume
Q = flow
The velocity of water flowing through the flocculation basin must be within a
very specific range, designed to gently mix the water without breaking apart
the floc.
Where
G = Velocity gradient
P = Power input
u = dynamic viscocity
V = Volume
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Velocity Gradient
- Design parameter for flocculation is Gt (dimensionless
number)
- Where;
Vertical-shaft,
turbine-type impeller Horizontal-shaft
paddle
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Baffled Chamber Flocculator
TYPES
MECHANICAL HYDRAULIC
DEVICES METHODS
Advantages :
Disadvantages :
P = F D x Vp
Where;
FD = ½ C D A p V p2 p
Where;
P = G2 µ ∀
P = CD AP (Vp)3 p
2
Where;
Present :
i. Friction between the fluid and the walls of the pipe; the
b) Find the power required when velocity gradient is 55s-1 and dynamic
viscosity 1.002 x 10-3 N.s/m2
c) If the tank have 3 paddles and every paddle have 4 plate with
relative velocity of paddles is 0.38 m/s and coefficient drag is 1.8,
find the area of 1 plate.
Solution :
For b) Find power, use formula that can fits all the
information given
a) ∀ = Qt
= 527.8 m3.
∀ =LxWxd
= 527.8m3 = 8L3
L3 = 527.8 /8
b) P = G2µ ∀
= 1599.8 Watt.
c) P = CD Ap (Vp)3 p
Ap = 1599.8 (2)
Advantages :
Disadvantages :
5. Loss of head : 15 – 60 cm
1) Tank volume, ∀
2) Distance of flow, D
4) Depth of channel, d
∀=Qxt
2) Distance of flow, D
D=txv
Ax = ∀ / D
4) Depth of channel, d
So, for each compartment = No. of channel/ of total distance flow / total compartments
∀ =Qxt
= 347 m3
2) Distance of flow, D
D=txv
Ax = ∀ / D
= 347m3 /255 m
= 1.36 m2
4) Depth of channel, d
= 1.36 m2 / 0.75 m
= 1.81m
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Hydraulic – Design Formula
5) Clear distance between baffle and the end of wall, Y
= 1.5 x 0.75
= 1.125 m
Pe = for
No. of channel Width of each
total distance flowcompartment
= D/ Pe –Y
= 1.875m
Izan Jaafar, Engineering Science, FST, UMT
Hydraulic – Design Formula
7) No. of channel required for each compartment,
= 255 m/1.875
= 136 channel
= 111.375m
Width = 1.875 m
3 compartment,
∀ = Qt
= 260 m3
2) Distance of flow, D
D = tv