Handover Algorithm and Parameters

Handover
Handover Algorithm
Algorithm and
and Parameters
Parameters
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Purpose
Purpose of
of Handover
Handover
To keep Retainability (continuous communication with a moving MS)

To improve network service performance
To reduce the call drop rate
To reduce the congestion rate
Page 2
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Classification
Classification of
of Handovers
Handovers
By Synchronization
By Network Elements
Synchronous HO: Source and Target cell belong same BTS.

Target BTS shall not send PHY info message.
By Channel
Asynchronous HO: Source and Target cell belong different

BTS. Target BTS shall send PHY info message.
TCH
TCH >> TCH
TCH
SDCCH
SDCCH >> SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH
SDCCH >> TCH
TCH
(Directed
(Directed Retry)
Retry)
Page 3
Classification
Classification of
of Handovers
Handovers (continued)
(continued)
Page 4
HO
HOAlgorithm
Algorithm Process
Process
MS goes into Dedicated mode
MR Preprocessing
Penalty Processing
Basic/Secondary Ranking
HO Judgment
HO Implementation
MS is assigned new Physical Channel
Page 5
Measurement
Measurement Report
Report Preprocessing
Preprocessing
Uplink MR includes uplink receiving level and

quality.
Downlink MR includes downlink receiving level,
downlink receiving quality of the serving cell and
other downlink receiving levels from the neighbor
cells.
Page 6
Measurement
Measurement Report
Preprocessing (continued)
(continued)
2SDCCH Multi-frames
The downlink MR is sent to BTS in SACCH uplink

The interval is 480ms/per time when MS is on
TCH.
The interval is 470ms/per time when MS is on
SDCCH.
1SACCH
470ms
Page 7
Measurement
Measurement Report
Preprocessing (continued)
(continued)
Page 8
Measurement
Measurement Report
Preprocessing -- Parameters
Parameters
Transfer Original MR
(Yes/No)
Yes
MR Preprocessing
(Yes/No)
Yes
Transfer BS/MS Power class

(Yes/No)
Yes
No
Sent freq of Preprocessed

MR
BSC Preprocessing
Page 9
Allowed MR
Number Lost
Filter Length for

TCH Level
Filter Length for

SDCCH Level
Filter Length for

SDCCH Qual
Filter Length for

TCH Qual
Filter Length for

Ncell RX_Level
HO
HOAlgorithm
Algorithm Process
Process
MR Preprocessing
Penalty Processing
HO Judgment
HO Implementation
Page 10
Penalty
Penalty Processing
Processing
Page 11
Penalty
Penalty for
for Handover
Handover Failure
Failure
Punish the target cell when a HO fails.

This is to avoid the MS to select this cell again in
next HO judgment.
Penalty Level
after HO Fail
RscPenaltyTimer
UmPenaltyTimer
CfgPenaltyTimer
Reasons of Handover failure:

Cell congestion
A message indicating internal handover refusal is
received.
A message indicating Um interface handover failure
is received during outgoing BSC handover.
A message indicating Um interface handover failure
is received during internal handover.
Page 12
Penalty
Penalty for
for Emergency
Emergency Handover
Handover
Punish the original cell when an emergency HO

(due to BQ and TA) occurs.
Page 13
Penalty Level
after BQ HO
Penalty Time
after BQ HO (s)
Penalty Level
after TA HO
Penalty Time
after TA HO(s)
Penalty
Penalty for
for MS
MS Fast-Moving
Fast-Moving Handover
Handover
Giving penalty on the other three layers(Nonumbrella Layer ) after MS handovers to Umbrella
cell by fast-moving-HO.
This is to keep MS staying in the umbrella cell
and avoid frequent HO.
Page 14
Penalty on MS
Fast Moving HO
Penalty Time on
Fast Moving HO
Penalty
Penalty on
on Concentric
Concentric Cell
Cell
A new concentric cell HO is prohibited within a

penalty time after a concentric cell HO failure.
Penalty Time after

UtoO HO Fails(s)
Penalty Time after

OtoU HO Fails(s)
MaxRetry Time after

UtoO Fail
Page 15
Penalty
Penalty on
on Enhanced
Enhanced Concentric
Concentric Cell
Cell
A new U to O HO is prohibited within a penalty

time after a O to U HO is performed successfully.
Penalty Time of
UtoO HO(s)
Page 16
Penalty
Penalty for
for Intra-Cell
Intra-Cell HO
HO
A new intra-cell HO is prohibited if it occurs too

frequently.
Page 17
Max Consecutive
HO Times
Forbidden Time
after Max Times
Interval for
Consecutive HO Jud.
Penalty Time
after AMR
TCHF-H HO Fails(s)
HO
HOAlgorithm
Algorithm Process
Process
MR Preprocessing
Penalty Processing
HO Judgment
HO Implementation
Page 18
Ranking
Ranking Processing
Processing
Page 19
M
M Rule
Rule && KK Rule
Rule
K Rule:
After the M rule , the serving cell and candidate neighbor cells are
ranked in descending order according to the receiving level only.
Begin
Finish to all
NCells
Yes
End
No
An external
Yes
BSC Ncell &
Current channel =SDCCH?
Directed Retry?
No
Inter-BSC SDCCH No
HO Allowed?
Yes
No
Cell overloaded?
No
Yes
DLRxLevel(n) > [Min DL Pwr

on HO candidate cell(n)] +
Min Access lvl offset(s to n)?
No
Yes
Yes
ULRxLevel(n) > [Min UL Pwr

on HO candidate cell(n)] +
Min Access lvl offset(s to n)?
Yes
Delete Cell from list
Page 20
Delete Cell from list
No
16
16 Bits
Bits Ranking
Ranking
After network feature adjustment, all the
candidate cells have their own 16 bits value.
Best 6 cell prioritized as per K Rule.

Range from 000 to 110
When DLRxLvl(n) >= DLRxLvl(s) +
Inter-cell HO hysteresis, bit 4th is set
to 0. Otherwise, set to 1. For source
it is set as 0.
Prioritize as per Hierarchical layers.
Each 4 layers = 16 different priorities,
Hence total 64 different priorities
Serving cell: if cell load >= Load HO Thresh,
bit 11th is set to 1. Otherwise, set to 0
Ncell: if cell load >= Load Rep. on Cand Cell,
bit 11th is set to 1. Otherwise, set to 0
Whether share the same BSC or MSC
Serv cell: DLRxlvl >= Inter-layer HO Thres
Inter-layer HO Hys, bit 14th is set to 0.
Ncell: DLRxlvl >= Inter-layer HO Thres
+ Inter-layer HO Hys, bit 14th is set to 0.
If not met, bit 14 is set to 1.
At the same time, bits 5 to 13 are turned off
Reserved Bits
Page 21
HO
HOAlgorithm
Algorithm Process
Process
MR Preprocessing
Penalty Processing
HO Judgment
HO Implementation
Page 22
Page 23
Direct Retry
Enhanced Dual Band HO
No DL MR HO
Load HO
TA HO
Edge HO
Interference HO
MS Fast Moving HO
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Layer HO
AMR HO
BQ HO
PBGT HO
Concentric Cell HO
Normal HO
Emergency HO
HO
HO Judgment
Judgment
Direct
Direct Retry
Retry
Begin
No
Directed Retry
Enabled?
Yes
Trigger Assignment
Procedure
Cell type Enhanced

Dual Band?
No
Yes
Trigger Enhanced
Direct retry
No
ASSLOADJUDGE
Enabled?
Yes
Yes
No
Page 24
Enhanced
Dual Band direct
Retry enabled?
No
No
Cell load exceeds
100%?
Yes
Cell load > Cell direct

retry forbidden
threshold>?
Yes
Trigger Direct retry
End
Page 25
Direct Retry
No DL MR HO
Load HO
TA HO
Edge HO
Interference HO
MS Fast Moving HO
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Layer HO
AMR HO
BQ HO
PBGT HO
Concentric Cell HO
Normal HO
Emergency HO
HO
HO Judgment
Judgment
No
No DL
DLMR
MR HO
HO
Page 26
TA
TAHO
HO
Page 27
Interference
Interference HO
HO
Page 28
Rx
Rx Level
Level Drop
Drop HO
HO
Rx Level Drop
Formula
Page 29
BQ
BQ HO
HO
For AMR call, the quality threshold is DL/UL Qual. Limit AMR FR/HR
Page 30
Page 31
Direct Retry
No DL MR HO
Load HO
TA HO
Edge HO
Interference HO
MS Fast Moving HO
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Layer HO
AMR HO
BQ HO
PBGT HO
Concentric Cell HO
Normal HO
Emergency HO
HO
HO Judgment
Judgment
Enhanced
Enhanced Dual
Dual Band
Band HO
HO
Page 32
Page 33
Direct Retry
No DL MR HO
Load HO
TA HO
Edge HO
Interference HO
MS Fast Moving HO
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Layer HO
AMR HO
BQ HO
PBGT HO
Concentric Cell HO
Normal HO
Emergency HO
HO
HO Judgment
Judgment
Load
Load HO
HO
Page 34
Page 35
Direct Retry
No DL MR HO
Load HO
TA HO
Edge HO
Interference HO
MS Fast Moving HO
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Layer HO
AMR HO
BQ HO
PBGT HO
Concentric Cell HO
Normal HO
Emergency HO
HO
HO Judgment
Judgment
Edge
Edge HO
HO
Page 36
MS
MS Fast
Fast Moving
Moving HO
HO
Page 37
Layer
Layer HO
HO
Page 38
PBGT
PBGT HO
HO
Page 39
Concentric
Concentric Cell
Cell HO
HO
Normal
RxLevel
Page 40
RxQual
Enhanced
TA
RxLevel
RxQual
TA
Load
Concentric
Concentric Cell
Cell HO
HO
Page 41
Concentric
Concentric Cell
Cell Channel
ChannelAssignment
Assignment Strategies
Strategies
TA pref. Of
Imme-Assign Allowed
Incoming-to-BSC
HO Optimum Layer
TA Threshold of
Imme-Assignment Pref
Assign Optimum
Layer
Page 42
Assign-optimumlevel Threshold
TA Threshold
of Assignment Pref
Pref. Subcell in
HO of Intra-BSC
AMR
AMR HO
HO
Page 43
HO
HOAlgorithm
Algorithm Process
Process
MR Preprocessing
Penalty Processing
HO Judgment
HO Implementation
Page 44
Handover
Handover Implementation
Implementation
UL Expected Level
at HO Access
Page 45
Comparison
Comparison with
with Handover
HandoverAlgorithm
Algorithm 22
Emergency HO
Intra-Cell
Normal HO
HO
No DL MR HO
Edge HO
MS Fast Moving HO
TA HO
Inter-Cell HO
Better Cell HO
Layer HO
PBGT HO
Load HO
Interference HO
Rx_Level_Drop HO
Concentric Cell HO
AMR HO
BQ HO
Page 46
Comparison
Comparison with
with Handover
HandoverAlgorithm
Algorithm 22
HO Algorithm 1
HO Algorithm 2
Ranking
Ranking
Emergency HO

/Load HO
Emergency HO
Intra-Cell HO
Normal HO
New PHY Channel

assigned
Page 47
New PHY Channel

assigned
Inter-Cell HO
Comparison
Comparison with
with Handover
HandoverAlgorithm
Algorithm 22
No Layer Handover in HO Algorithm 2
Prioritize as per Hierarchical layers.

Each 4 layers = 16 different priorities,
Hence total 64 different priorities
Serv cell: DLRxlvl >= Inter-layer HO Thres

Inter-layer HO Hys, bit 14th is set to 0.
Ncell: DLRxlvl >= Inter-layer HO Thres
+ Inter-layer HO Hys, bit 14th is set to 0.
If not met, bit 14 is set to 1.
At the same time, bits 5 to 13 are turned off
Page 48
Comparison
Comparison with
with Handover
HandoverAlgorithm
Algorithm 22
Interference HO in HO Algorithm 2
Page 49
Intra-Cell HO
Handover
Handover Timers
Timers
Timer Name
Default Value (ms)
Description
T7
10000
Timer for sending outgoing external inter-cell handover requests and handover commands
T8
10000
Timer for running outgoing external inter-cell handover commands and handover completion or clearance
T3103
10000
From the time when an intra-cell or inter-cell handover command is executed to the time of an intra-cell or intercell handover completion
T3105
70
During an asynchronous handover, from the time when the BTS sends the MS a physical message to the time
when the BTS receives the set asynchronous balanced mode (SABM) from the MS
T3124
320
During an asynchronous handover, from the time when the MS sends the network a handover access Burst
message to the time when the MS receives a physical message from the BTS
MS
BSC1
BTS1
MRs from MS (1)
MSC
Handover RQD (2)
T7
Handover CMD (8)
Handover CMD (7)
BTS2
BSC2
Handover REQ (3)
Handover REQ ACK (6)

Handover Detect (11)
MS
Channel ACT (4)

Channel ACT ACK (5)
Handover Detect (10)
Handover Access
(9)
PHY Info (12)
T8
Establish IND (14)
T3103
1st SABM (13)

UA (15)
Clear CMD (18)
Handover CMP (17)
Clear CMD (19)
Page 50
Handover CMP (16)
T3124
T3105
Major
Major Handover
Handover Parameters
Parameters
Parameter
Level
Range of Value
Default
Value
Co. BSC/MSC Adj.
Cell Level
Yes, No
Yes
Penalty Allowed
Cell Level
Yes, No
No
Load HO Allowed
Cell Level
Yes, No
No
MS Fast Moving HO allowed
Cell Level
Yes, No
No
RX_Level_Drop HO Allowed
Cell Level
Yes, No
No
PBGT HO Allowed
Cell Level
Yes, No
Yes
MS power prediction after HO
Cell Level
Yes, No
Yes
MR Preprocessing
Cell Level
Yes, No
Yes
Layer of Cell
Cell Level
1st to 4th Layer
2nd/3rd
Layer
Cell Priority
Cell Level
1 to 16
Layer HO Threshold
Cell Level
0 to 63 dB
25
Layer HO Hysteresis
Cell Level
0 to 63 dB
Min DL Level on Candidate

Cell Level
0 to 63 dB
Cell
Page
Min 51
UL Level on CandidateAll Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007
Cell Level
0 to 63 dB
Cell
15
10
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2G Cell Parameter
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2G Cell Parameter
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2G Cell Parameter
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2G Cell Parameter
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2G Cell Parameter
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2G Cell Parameter
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2G Cell Parameter
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2G Cell Parameter
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2G Cell Parameter
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2G Cell Parameter
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Major
Major Handover
Handover Parameters
Parameters
Parameter
Level
Range of Value
Default
Value
UL Qual Thresh
Cell Level
0 to 70
60
Edge HO UL RX_Level Thrsh.
Cell Level
0 to 63 dB
15
Edge HO DL RX_Level Thrsh.
Cell Level
0 to 63 dB
20
Edge HO Watch Time
Cell Level
1 to 16 sec
Edge HO Valid Time
Cell Level
1 to 16 sec
0 to 63
2G RNP Export
0 to 63
68
2G RNP Export
0 to 63
68
2G RNP Export
1 to 16 sec
2G RNP Export
1 to 16 sec
2G RNP Export
Min Access Level Offset

PBGT HO Thresh
Inter-Cell HO Hysteresis
PBGT Watch Time
PBGT Valid Time
Neighbor
Level
Neighbor
Level
Neighbor
Level
Neighbor
Level
Neighbor
Level
Assign Optimum Layer
Cell Level
SysOpt, Overlaid, Underlaid,

none
SysOpt
Assign Optimum Level

Threshold
Cell Level
0 to 63
35
UO Watch Time
Cell Level
0 to 16 sec
Page 52
UO Valid Time
Cell Level
0 to 16 sec
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2G Cell Parameter
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2G Cell Parameter
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2G Cell Parameter
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Case
Case Studies
Studies
Page 53
Case
Case Study1:
Study1: Handover
Handover (L2)
(L2) Re-Establishment
Re-Establishment Feature
Feature
MS
BTS
BSC
HO Command
Err Indication
Initiating HO
Re-establishment
Est Request
SABM
UA
Est Confirmed
Page 54
Case
Case Study
Study 2:
2: External
External Interference
Interference
Current
Cell Name
32762_Inspection Banglow P3 Abbottabad
32434_Rati Gali P3 Murree
32760_Kala Bagh P3 Abbottabad
32435_Khaira Gali P3 Murree
32436_Changla Gali P3 Murree
Page 55
Proposed
Min UL Level on Min UL Level on

Candidate Cell Candidate Cell
10
20
10
20
10
20
10
20
10
20
Current
Proposed
Min DL Level on
Candidate Cell
15
15
15
15
15
Min DL Level on
Candidate Cell
25
25
25
25
25
Case
Case Study
Study 3:
3: OL/UL
OL/ULTraffic
Traffic Shifting
Shifting
Assign Optimum
Layer
Assign-optimumlevel Threshold
O to U HO
Threshold
U to O HO
Threshold
Page 56
st
Case
Case Study
Study 4:
4: No
No Handover
HandoverAttempts
Attempts in
in 11st Tier
Tier Neighbors
Neighbors
Page 57
st
Case
Case Study
Study 4:
4: No
No Handover
HandoverAttempts
Attempts in
in 11st Tier
Tier Neighbors
Neighbors
Page 58
Thank You!
Page 59

Handover Algorithm and Parameters

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Handover

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

To keep Retainability (continuous communication with a moving MS)

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

Synchronous HO: Source and Target cell belong same BTS.

Asynchronous HO: Source and Target cell belong different

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

MS is assigned new Physical Channel

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

Uplink MR includes uplink receiving level and

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

The downlink MR is sent to BTS in SACCH uplink

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

Transfer BS/MS Power class

Sent freq of Preprocessed

Filter Length for

Filter Length for

Filter Length for

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Filter Length for

Filter Length for

MS is assigned new Physical Channel

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All Rights Reserved HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. 2007

Punish the target cell when a HO fails.

Reasons of Handover failure:

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Punish the original cell when an emergency HO

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A new concentric cell HO is prohibited within a

Penalty Time after

Penalty Time after

MaxRetry Time after

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A new U to O HO is prohibited within a penalty

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A new intra-cell HO is prohibited if it occurs too

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MS is assigned new Physical Channel

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DLRxLevel(n) > [Min DL Pwr

ULRxLevel(n) > [Min UL Pwr

Delete Cell from list

Delete Cell from list

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Best 6 cell prioritized as per K Rule.

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MS is assigned new Physical Channel

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Enhanced Dual Band HO

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Cell type Enhanced

Cell load > Cell direct

Trigger Direct retry

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Enhanced Dual Band HO