Chapter 6 Module Algebraic Expressions III

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UNGKAPAN ALGEBRA I

UNGKAPAN ALGEBRA II
.

02/20/16

UNGKAPAN ALGEBRA III

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Permudahkan ungkapan
algebra yang berikut

a.) 2g 5a + 3g
= 2g + 3g 5a
= 5g 5a

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Sebutan serupa
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Sebutan tak
serupa

b.) w + 2u 5w 3u
= w 5w + 2u 3u
= - 4w

u
c.) 5h + 1 + h + 9
= 5h + h + 1 + 9
= 6h + 10

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CUBA

1.)7X 3Y 2X 2Y
= 7X 2X 3Y 2Y
= 5X 5Y

2.) 3a 2b + 5a 6b
= 3a + 5a 2b 6b
= 8a 8b

YEH..BERJAYA

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a.) 2 ( - 3b )
= 2 X -3b
=-6b

b.) 2a ( - 4b )
= - 2a X -4b
= 8 ab

c.) 3 a ( 3 b )
= 3a X 3b
= 9 ab
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d.) 4 c ( 3 c )
= - 4 c X 3c
= - 12 c
5

Try u best
1.) 5 ( - 4 w )
= - 20 w

3.) 4w ( - 3 w )
= - 12 w

2.) 8b ( 3c )
= 24 bc

3.) - 5a ( - 2 a )
= 10 a

YEH..BERJAYA

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BAB 6

4
1
7y

3x 15
3

(3x + 2)(5x
1)

Ungkapan Algebra III

6.1Memahami dan menggunakan konsep kembangan


6.2 Memahami dan menggunakan konsep pemfaktoran
ungkapan algebra untuk menyelesaikan masalah.
6.3 Melakukan penambahan dan penolakan ke atas
pecahan algebra.

6.4Melakukan pendaraban dan pembahagian ke atas


pecahan algebra.

x y
x+y
2

)
y
5
+
- (x
)
y
3
8x +
(
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X 2 + 1 2x + 8
2x 5y
3 6

6.1 Kembangan Ungkapan Algebra


Kembangan ialah pendaraban
a.) satu ungkapan algebra dalam tanda kurung
dengan satu sebutan algebra atau satu nombor
Contoh :
Kembangkan setiap yang berikut.

a) -3x ( 3x 4y)
= - 9x2 + 12xy

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Mendarab setiap sebutan


dalam tanda kurung dengan
nombor atau sebutan di luar
tanda kurung.

a) - 3 ( 3x 4y)
= - 9x + 12y
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Contoh :

3x X 3x a) 3x ( 3x 4y)
= 9x
3x

- 4y

3x

- 12xy

9 x

3x X - 4y
= - 12xy

a) 3x ( 3x 4y) = 9x - 12xy
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SOALAN 1 : 2 ( 3x 5 )

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SOALAN 2 : d ( e + 4d )

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SOALAN 3 : - 4m ( 2 m )

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SOALAN 4 : - 3p ( p 5q )

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SOALAN 5 :- 5x ( 2z y 3x )

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SOALAN 6 : 2e ( 3e f + 2g )

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SOALAN :

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6.1 Kembangan Ungkapan Algebra


b.) dua ungkapan algebra dalam tanda
kurung.
Contoh 2 :
Kembangkan setiap yang berikut.

b)(x y) (3x + 5y)


= x ( 3x + 5y ) y ( 3x + 5y )
= 3x2 + 5xy - 3xy- 5y2
Sebutan serupa

= 3x2 + 2xy 5y2

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Mendarab setiap
sebutan dalam tanda
kurung pertama
dengan tiap-tiap
sebutan dalam tanda
kurung kedua.
17

Contoh 3 :
(x y) (3x + 5y)

x
-y

3x

+ 5y

3 x

+5xy

- 3 xy

- 5y

(x y) (3x + 5y) = 3x + 5xy 3xy 5y


= 3x + 2xy 5y
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SOALAN 1 : ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 )

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SOALAN 2 : ( x 3 ) ( x 4 )

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SOALAN 3 : ( 2x 5 ) ( 3x + 2 )

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SOALAN 4 : ( 3x 4 ) ( 2x 3 )

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SOALAN 5 : ( 8 e ) ( 2 + e )

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SOALAN 6 : ( 5h 3k ) ( 2h k )

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SOALAN 7 : ( 2x 5y ) ( 2x + 3y )

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SOALAN 8 : ( x + 5 ) =

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SOALAN 9 : ( 2x 3 ) =

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SOALAN 10 : ( 3x y ) =

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SOALAN :

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Menyelesaikan Masalah yang


Melibatkan Luas
1. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan pelan ruang
tamu rumah Encik Maniam.

( 2a b) m
( a 3b) m
Hitung luas, dalam m, ruang tamu rumah
Encik Maniam

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Menyelesaikan Masalah yang


Melibatkan Luas
2. Sebuah padang sekolah berbentuk segi
empat tepat yang berukuran ( y 6 ) m
panjang dan ( 2y + 3 ) m lebar. Hitung luas
padang itu.
( 2y + 3) m
( y 6) m
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6.1

Expanding Brackets

The expansion of two similar linear algebraic


expressions can be found in the following methods.
Example 7:
Find the product of (a + b)2.

Method 1:

(a + b)2

(a + b) means
the square of
(a + b)
2

= (a + b) (a +b)
= a2 + ab + ba + b2
Like terms can be simplified

= a2 + 2ab + b2
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Method 2:
Square the first term a, in the
bracket
+
Multiply all the terms, 2, a and b
+
square the second term b, in the
bracket

(a + b)2
= a2 + (2 x a x b) + b2
= a2 + 2ab + b2

Compare the answers


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6.1

Expanding Brackets

The expansion of two similar linear algebraic


expressions can be found in the following methods.
Example 8:
Find the product of (a - b)2.

Method 1:

(a - b)2

(a - b) means
the square of
(a - b)
2

= (a - b) (a - b)
= a2 - ab - ba + b2
Like terms can be simplified

= a2 - 2ab + b2
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Method 2:
Square the first term a, in the
bracket
+
Multiply all the terms, 2, a and -b
+
square the second term -b, in the
bracket

(a - b)2
= a2 + (2 x a x -b) + -b2
= a2 - 2ab + b2

Compare the answers


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6.1

Expanding Brackets

The expansion of two similar linear algebraic


expressions can be found in the following methods.
Example 9:
Find the product of (2r + 3s)2.

Method 1:

(2r + 3s)2

(2r + 3s) means


the square of
(2r + 3s)
2

= (2r + 3s) (2r + 3s)


= 4r2 + 6rs + 6rs + 9s2
Like terms can be simplified

= 4r2 + 12rs + 9s2


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Method 2:
Square the first term 2r, in the
bracket
+
Multiply the terms, 2, 2r and 3s
+
square the second term 3s, in
the bracket

(2r + 3s)2
= (2r)2+ (2x2rx3s)+ (3s)2
= 4r2 +12rs + 9s2

Compare the answers


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6.1

Expanding Brackets

The expansion of two similar linear algebraic


expressions can be found in the following methods.
Example 10:
Find the product of (m 2n)2.

Method 1:

(m 2n)2

(m 2n) means
the square of
(m 2n)
2

= (m 2n) (m 2n)
= m2 - 2mn - 2mn + 4n2
Like terms can be simplified

= m2 4mn + 4n2
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Method 2:
Square the first term m, in the
bracket
+
Multiply the terms, 2, m and -2n
+
square the second term -2n, in
the bracket

(m 2n)2
= m2 + (2xmx-2n)+(-2n)2
= m2 - 4mn + 4n2

Compare the answers


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Three Identities That


Must Be Remembered
(a + b)2 = (a + b) (a + b) = a2 + 2ab + b2
(a - b)2 = (a - b) (a - b) = a2 - 2ab + b2
a2 - b 2 = ( a + b ) ( a b )

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6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions


Factors of a term is the number or terms that can
divide a term exactly.
To find the factors of a term,
As an example: 3pq
state the term as a product of

3pq = 1 x 3pq

two different terms first.

= 3 x pq

Thus, the
factors of 3pq =
1, 3, p, q, 3p,
3q, pq, and 3pq

= p x 3q
= q x 3p

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6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic


9a andExpressions
3b can be

Number 3 must be
multiplied
each term
Factors
of ato term
is the
in the bracket,

divide a term exactly.


As an example:
Expand:
3(3a + b)
= 9a + 3b
Factorising is
the reverse of
expanding.

divided by 3. So, 3
number
termsfactor
that
is aor
common
of
9a + 3b

can

Factorise:
= 9a + 3b
= 3(3a + b)
Expand

3(3a + b)

9a + 3b
Factorise

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6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions


Factors of a term is the number or terms that can
divide a term exactly.
Example 1:
Taking out the
common
factors of each
term.

(a) 4ab2 6ac + 8a


= 2(2ab2 3ac + 4a)
= 2a(2b2 - 3c + 4)

Taking out the


common factor 2

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Taking out the


common factor a

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6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions


Factors of a term is the number or terms that can
divide a term exactly.
Example 2: Factorise of the following.
(a) 3xy2 + 12x2y
Taking out the
common factors of
each term.

= 3(xy2 + 4x2y)

Taking out the


common factor 3

= 3xy(y + 4x)

= 3x(y2 + 4xy)

Taking out the


common factor x
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Taking out the


common factor y
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6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions


Factors of a term is the number or terms that
can divide a term exactly.
Factorisation Of The Difference Between Two
Squares.
Can you express some examples?

x2 y2
4a2 b2

p2q2 16
9 25m2

1 m2
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x2

32 x2y4
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6.2

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Factors of a term is the number or terms that can


divide a term exactly.
Factorisation Of The Difference Between Two
Squares. (consists of two terms)
The identity that must be remembered.

x 2 y2
= (x y) (x + y)
Example 1: Factorise of the following.

4a2 b2

4a2 = (2a)2

= (2a)2 b2
= (2a b ) (2a + b)
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6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions


Factorisation Of The Difference Between Two
Squares. (consists of two terms)
The identity that must be remembered.

x 2 y2
= (x y) (x + y)
Example 2: Factorise of the following.

1 = 12

1 m2
= 12 m2
= (1 m ) (1 + m)

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6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions


Factorisation Of The Difference Between Two
Squares. .(consists of two terms)
The identity that must be remembered.

x 2 y2
= (x y) (x + y)
Example 3: Factorise of the following.
16 = 42
p2q2 = (pq)2

p2q2 16
= (pq)2 42
= (pq 4 ) (pq + 4)

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6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions


Factorisation Of The Difference Between Two
Squares. .(consists of two terms)
The identity that must be remembered.

x 2 y2
= (x
y) (x
y)
Example
4: +
Factorise
of the following.
= ( )2

x2
= x2 ( ) 2
= (x ) ( x + )
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6.2

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions


Factorisation Of The Difference Between Two
Squares. .(consists of two terms)
The identity that must be remembered.

x 2 y2
= Example
(x y) 5:
(x Factorise
+ y) of the following.
9 = 32
25m2 = (5m)2

9 25m2
= 32 (5m)2
= (3 5m ) (3 + 5m)
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6.2

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions


Factorisation Of The Difference Between Two
Squares. .(consists of two terms)
The identity that must be remembered.

x 2 y2
= (x y) (x + y)

Example 6: Factorise of the following.

32 x2y4

x2y4 = (xy2)2

= 32 (xy2)2
= (3 xy2 ) (3 + xy2)
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6.2

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions


Factorisation Of The Difference Between Two
Squares. .(consists of two terms)
The identity that must be remembered.

x2 y2
= (x y) (x + y)

36x2 = (6x)2
121y2 = (11y)2

Example 7: Factorise of the following.

36x2 121y2
= (6x)2 (11y)2
= (6x 11y ) (6x + 11y)
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6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions


Factorisation Of The Difference Between Two
Squares. .(consists of two terms)
The identity that must be remembered.

x 2 y2
Example
2 2 (x y) (x
+ y) 8:
a4 = (a=
)
4
4
a

b
4
2 2

Factorise of the following.

b = (b )

= (a2)2 (b2)2
= (a2 b2 ) (a2 + b2)
= (a b) (a + b) (a2 + b2)
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6.2

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions

Factorisation Of The Difference Between Two


Squares. .(consists of two terms)
The identity that must be remembered.

x y
y) (x
Example =
9: (x
Factorise
of +
they)
following.
18 50y2
2

18 and 50 are not


perfect squared. So,
Taking out 2 as the
common factors of
each term.
25y2 = (5y)2

= 2(9 25y2)
= 2[32 (5y)2]
= 2(3 5y) (3 + 5y)
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6.2 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions


Factorisation Of The Difference Between Two
Squares.(consists of two terms)
The identity that must be remembered.

x 2 y2
= (x 10:y)Factorise
(x + y)of the following.
Example
16 = 42

a 16
4

a4 = (a2)2

= (a2)2 (22)2
= (a2 22 ) (a2 + 22)
= (a 2) (a + 2) (a2 + 4)
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6.2

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions


Factorisation of algebraic expressions which
consist of three terms.
The identities that must be remembered.

x2 + 2xy + y2
= (x + y) (x + y)
= (x + y)2

x2 - 2xy + y2
= (x - y) (x - y)
= (x - y)2

Example 1: Factorise of the following.

a) x2 + 10x + 25

b) x2 - 14x + 49

= x2 + 2(5x) + 52

= x2 - 2(7x) + 72

= (x + 5 )2

= (x - 7)2

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6.2

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions


Factorisation of algebraic expressions which
consist of three terms.
The identities that must be remembered.

x2 + 2xy + y2
= (x + y) (x + y)
= (x + y)2

x2 - 2xy + y2
= (x - y) (x - y)
= (x - y)2

Example 2: Factorise of the following.

a) 9p2 + 6pq + q2

b) x2 - 4xy + 4y2

= (3p)2 + 2(3pq) + q2

= x2 - 2(2xy) + (2y)2

= (3p + q)2

= (x 2y)2

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6.2

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions


Factorisation of algebraic expressions which
consist of four terms.

Example 1: Factorise of the following.

ax + ay + bx + by
= (ax + ay) + (bx + by)
= a(x + y) + b(x + y)

Group the term


with the same
common factor
Take out the
common factor
within the group

= (a + b) (x + y)
Taking out the
common factor
(x + y)
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6.2

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions


Factorisation of algebraic expressions which
consist of four terms.

Example 2: Factorise of the following.

4m + 3n - mn - 12
= (4m - mn) + (3n - 12)
= m(4 - n) + 3(n - 4)

Group the term


with the same
common factor
Take out the
common factor
within the group

= m(4 n) 3(-n + 4)
Taking out the
common factor
(4 n)

= (4 - n) (m - 3)
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6.2

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions


Factorisation of algebraic expressions which
consist of four terms.

Example 3: Factorise of the following.

pq + qr - ps - rs
= (pq + qr) - (ps + rs)
= q(p + r) - s(p + r)
= (p + r) (q - s)

Group the term


with the same
common factor
Take out the
common factor
within the group
Taking out the
common factor
(p + r)

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6.2

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions


Factorisation of algebraic expressions which
consist of four terms.

Example 4: Factorise of the following.

8ab 10a + 12b - 15


= (8ab 10a) + (12b - 15)
= 2a(4b - 5) + 3(4b - 5)
= (4b - 5) (2a + 3)

Group the term


with the same
common factor
Take out the
common factor
within the group
Taking out the
common factor
(4b 5)

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6.2

Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions


Factorisation of algebraic expressions which
consist of four terms.

Example 5: Factorise of the following.

36x 4y 3xy + 27x2

Group the term


with the same
common factor

= (36x 4y) - (3xy 27x2)


= 4(9x - y) 3x(y 9x)
= 4(9x y) + 3x(-y + 9x)
= (4 + 3x) (9x y)

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Take out the


common factor
within the group
Take out the
common factor
(9x y)

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6.2 Factorisation Of Algebraic Expressions


Factorisation of algebraic expressions which
consist of four terms.
Example 6: Factorise of the following.
Tips:
4+3=7
4 x 3 = 12

Change the
expression into
four terms

x2 + 7x + 12
= x2 + 4x + 3x + 12

Group the term with


the same common
factor

= (x2 + 4x) + (3x + 12)


= x(x + 4) + 3(x + 4)
= (x + 3) (x + 4)
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Take out the


common factor
(x + 4)
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6.2 Factorisation Of Algebraic Expressions


Factorisation of algebraic expressions which
consist of four terms.
Example 7: Factorise of the following.
Tips:
13 - 3 = 10
13x(-3) = - 39

Change the
expression into
four terms

x2 + 10x - 39
= x2 + 13x - 3x - 39

Group the term with


the same common
factor

= (x2 + 13x) - (3x + 39)


= x(x + 13) - 3(x + 13)
= (x - 3) (x + 13)
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Take out the


common factor
(x + 13)

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6.2 Factorisation Of Algebraic Expressions


Factorisation of algebraic expressions which
consist of four terms.
Example 8: Factorise of the following.
Tips:
1-6=-5
1x(-6) = - 6

Change the
expression into
four terms

a2 5a - 6
= a2 + 1a 6a - 6

Group the term with


the same common
factor

= (a2 + a) - (6a + 6)
= a(a + 1) - 6(a + 1)
= (a - 6) (a + 1)
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Take out the


common factor
(a + 1)
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6.2 Factorisation Of Algebraic Expressions


Factorisation of algebraic expressions which
consist of four terms.
Example 9: Factorise of the following.
Tips:
- 8 - 3 = - 11
(-8)x(-3) = 24

Change the
expression into
four terms

m2 11m + 24
= m2 8m 3m + 24

Group the term with


the same common
factor

= (m2 - 8m) - (3m - 24)


= m(m - 8) - 3(m - 8)
= (m - 3) (m - 8)
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Take out the


common factor
(m - 8)
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6.2 Factorisation Of Algebraic Expressions


Factorisation of algebraic expressions which
consist of four terms.
Example 10: Factorise of the following.
2x4 = 8

Tips:
8+1=9
8x1=8

Change the
expression into
four terms

2x2 + 9x + 4
= 2x2 + 8x + 1x + 4

Group the term with


the same common
factor

= (2x2 + 8x) + (1x + 4)


= 2x(x + 4) + 1(x + 4)
= (2x + 1) (x + 4)
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Take out the


common factor
(x + 4)
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6.2

Factorising And Simplifying Algebraic Fractions


Algebraic fractions are fractions with algebraic
expressions as the numerator or denominator.
Can you give some examples?

x2
y
3x 2
y

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numerator
numerator
Good job!
numerator
numerator
numerator
denominator
denominator
denominator
denominator
denominator

y2 4y + 4
y-2

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4a2 b2
a+b
x2 9
(x3)(x-1)

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6.2

Factorising And Simplifying Algebraic Fractions

Algebraic fractions are fractions with algebraic


expressions as the numerator or denominator.
Example 1:
Simplify the given fraction.
Solution:

9ab2
3b
Congratulations!

=9xaxbxb
1
1
3xb
=3xaxb
1
= 3ab

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Factorising And Simplifying Algebraic Fractions

6.2

Algebraic fractions are fractions with algebraic


expressions as the numerator or denominator.
Example 2:
Well
Simplify the given fraction.
Solution:
done!
1
2

x 9
x+3

Factorise the
numerator first.

= (x 3) (x 1+ 3)
x+3
=x-3
1
=x-3

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Factorising And Simplifying Algebraic Fractions

6.2

Algebraic fractions are fractions with algebraic


expressions as the numerator or denominator.
Example 3:
Simplify the given fraction.
Solution:

8 32m
2 - 8m
Factorise the
numerator and the
denominator first.

= 8 1(1 - 4m)
2 (1 - 4m)

Good Job!

= 4(1 4m)
1
1 - 4m
=4

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Factorising And Simplifying Algebraic Fractions

6.2

Algebraic fractions are fractions with algebraic


expressions as the numerator or denominator.
Example 4:
Simplify the given fraction.
Congratulations!
Solution:

3p
6p 9q
Factorise the
denominator first.

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3p____
3(2p 3q)

p
2p 3q

___
1

___ ____

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Factorising And Simplifying Algebraic Fractions


6.2
Algebraic fractions are fractions with algebraic
expressions as the numerator or denominator.
Example 5:
Simplify the given fraction.
Solution:
Bravo!
1
2
= (x + 3) (x + 2)

x + 5x + 6
(x + 3)2
Factorise the
numerator and the
denominator first.

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(x + 3) (x + 3)
= x+2
x+3

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69

Addition And Subtraction Of Algebraic Fractions

6.3

a) Adding or subtracting two algebraic


fractions with similar denominators.
Example 1:

x + 4x
3
3
Good!

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Solution:

= x + 4x
3
= 5x
3

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Maintain the
denominator
Add the
numerator

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6.3 Addition And Subtraction Of Algebraic Fractions


a) Adding or subtracting two algebraic fractions with
similar denominators.
Solution:
Example 2:

2x + y + 4x 3y
2
2

= 2x + y + (4x-3y)
2

Maintain the
denominator

= 2x + 4x + y 3y
2
Well done!
= 6x 2y
2
1

= 2 (3x 1y)
2

Add or
subtract the
numerators
Simplify

= 3x - y
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71

6.3 Addition And Subtraction Of Algebraic Fractions


a) Adding or subtracting two algebraic fractions with
similar denominators.
Solution:
Example 3:

3x - 5 - 9x 7
x+2
x+2

= 3x - 5 - (9x - 7)
x+2
= 3x - 9x - 5 + 7
x+2
= - 6x + 2
x+2

The positive
term is always
written in front

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Maintain the
denominator

Add or
subtract the
numerators

= 2 - 6x
x+2

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72

6.3 Addition And Subtraction Of Algebraic Fractions


b) Adding or subtracting two algebraic fractions with
different denominators.
Solution:
Example 1:

5a - 3a
7
14

= 5a x 2 3a
7x2
14
= 10a 3a
14
= 7a
14

Well Done!

02/20/16

= a
2

Let the
denominators
same.

Subtract the
numerators

Simplify

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73

6.3 Addition And Subtraction Of Algebraic Fractions


b) Adding or subtracting two algebraic fractions with
different denominators.
Solution:
Example 2:
m + n + 4m 5n = n(m + n) + m(4m 5n)
mxn
nxm
Multiply the

= mn + n + 4m - 5mn
mn
2

Very
Good!

= 4m2 4mn + n2
mn

numerator and
the
denominator

Add or
subtract the
numerators

= (2m n) (2m n)
mn
= (2m n)2
mn
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Simplify
74

6.4

Multiplication And Division Of Algebraic Fractions


Multiplying algebraic fractions.
(a) Denominator with one term
Example 1:

Example 2:

3 ( 4a 5b)

4 ( 3m + 7n)
y

One term
One term

Solution:

Solution:

= 3 x 4a 3 x 5b
= 12a 15b

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Multiply the
numerator
separately

= 4 x 3m + 4 x 7n
y
y
= 12m 28n
y

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Multiply the
numerator
separately
75

6.4

Multiplication And Division Of Algebraic Fractions


Multiplying algebraic fractions.
(b) Denominator with two terms
Example 4:
Example 3:

4x 8x2 x 15
5
4x

X2 y2 x x
2x
x+y

Two terms
Two terms

Solution:

= (x y)(x + y) x x
1
1
2x
(x+y)
=xy
2
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Solution:
3
1
= 4x (1 2x) x 15
1
1

4x

= 3(1 2x)
= 3 6x
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76

6.4

Multiplication And Division Of Algebraic Fractions


Dividing algebraic fractions.
(a) Denominator with one term
(b) Denominator with two terms.
Example 1:
Example 2:

r 7
s 2s

(a + b) 3(a + b)
a2 b2
a-b
One term

Solution:

Two terms

= r x 2s
s 7

Solution:
1
= (a + b) x
1
1

= 2r
7

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(a-b)
(a-b)(a+b) 3(a + b)
1
3(a + b)

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77

6.4

Multiplication And Division Of Algebraic Fractions


Dividing algebraic fractions.
(b) Denominator with two terms
Example 4:
Example 3:

4(x x2) (x-1)


5
5

3y2 y
2x
4x

Two terms
Two terms

Solution:
2
2 y
= 3y x 4x
2x 1 y 1

= 6y = 6y
1
02/20/16

Solution:

= 4(x x2) x 5
5
x-1
-1

1
= 4x(1 x) x 5 1
5 1 x-1

= - 4x
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78

If at first you don't succeed ... so much for skydiving.

Thank
You

02/20/16

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79

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