Scad A
Scad A
Scad A
By
NagaNaresh.k
content
What is SCADA?
Types of process
Hardware architecture
Subsystems
Functionality
Operational philosophy
Communication infrastructure
Practical uses
Advantages and disadvantages
Review
What is SCADA?
SCADA stands for Supervisory Control And Data
Acquisition.
SCADA refers to a system that collects data from
various sensors at a factory, plant or in other remote
locations and then sends this data to a central
computer which then manages and controls the data.
What is data acquisition?
Data acquisition is the process of retrieving control
information from the equipment
continuous monitoring of the equipment to which it is
employed
The data accessed are then forwarded onto a
telemetry system ready for transfer to the different
sites
Types of processes
Industrial processes include those of
manufacturing, fabrication, refining etc
Infrastructure processes may be public or
private, and include water treatment, oil and
gas pipelines, civil defense siren systems, and
large communication systems.
Facility processes may include buildings,
airports, ships, and space stations. They
monitor and control energy consumption
Hardware architecture
Typical SCADA system
Subsystems of SCADA
Human-Machine Interface is the which presents
process data to a human operator, and through this,
the human operator monitors and controls the
process.
Remote Terminal Units connecting to sensors in
the process, converting sensor signals to digital
data and sending digital data to the supervisory
system
Programmable Logic Controller used as field
devices because they are more economical,
versatile, flexible, and configurable than special-
purpose RTUs.
Communication infrastructure connecting the
supervisory system to the Remote Terminal Units
System concept
Functionality of SCADA
Real time and historical trend: If any batch
fails or the plant trips, you can simply go to the
historical trend data and do the analysis.
Alarms: Have a very critical role in
controlling process. Use to generate alarms
whenever parameters crosses threshold values.
Recipe management : When you have
different products to manufacture, you just
have to load the recipe of the particular product
Security:Here one can allocate certain
facilities or features to the operator, process
people, engineering dept and maintenance
dept.
Differences between SCADA and DCS
SCADA
Distributed across a wide area (can be of 1000km)
Power may be intermittent
Communications can be slow and drop out regularly
Equipment may be installed in a hostile environment
DCS
typically in one plant
high availability of power
fast and robust communications. Normally LAN
Control equipment may reside in a temperature controlled
room
SCADA as central room computer
The SCADA usually presents the information
in the form of mimic
These representation can be as simple as an on
screen traffic light
SCADA products run on either a UNIX
variant or HP Open VMS
Operational philosophy
Operator intervention is not required in critical
situations
RTU’s can operate on themselves such that they are
able to control tunnel fires or safety related tasks.
The master station software is required to do more
analysis of data before presenting it to operators
contd…
Hardware for SCADA systems is generally rugged to
withstand temperature, vibration and voltage
extremes.
Reliability can enhanced by redundant hardware and
communication channels.
A failed part can be identified and replaced by back
hardware without interrupting the process.
Failed part can be easily replaced.
Communication infrastructure
SCADA systems have traditionally used
combinations of radio and direct serial or modem
connections to meet communication requirements
Ethernet and IP over SONET is also frequently used
at large sites such as railways and power stations.
SCADA protocols are designed to be very compact
and many are designed to send information to the
master station only when the master station polls the
RTU.
Installation of SCADA
Integration of SCADA systems is possible
Integration is possible only when proprietary
hardware,software and communication protocols are
used
IEC1131-3 programming language makes RTU
programmable.
DNP 3.0 is the communication protocol used by RTU
Major protocols and modems
Protocols:
Ethernet
IP network
Modems:
1200 BPS modems
Fast poll modems
Practical uses of SCADA
SCADA is used as a control mechanism in
Waste water treatment
Chemical plants
Steel plants
Power transmission
Oil and gas fields
Railways
SCADA for oil and gas fields
• Emergency control, of plant shutdown of
individual oil platform as well as for all oil
platforms in the field.
• Flow monitoring
• Improved reliability
• Safety tagging
Advantages of SCADA
A SCADA system is "normally" significantly cheaper than a
DCS.
SCADA systems allow a smaller number of operators to
control a large number of individual assets.
SCADA systems were designed to be used on large scale
systems with remote assets over a very large geographical
area.
SCADA system improves operation, maintenance and
customer service and provides rapid response to
emergencies.
It provides a high level of system reliability and availability.
Disadvantages of SCADA
Troubled alarms
Lack of trained persons
Initial capital investments
SCADA manufacturer and name of the
software
WONDERWARE Intouch
ALLEN BRADLEY R.S View
SIEMENS Wincc
MODICON Moriecon
G E FANUC Cimplicity
INTELLUSION I Fix
KPIT Ashtra
Review
More interfaces and efficient storage
More record or device oriented configuration
But system wide configuration tools are still needed
Are less expensive than DCS, but offer different
functionality than DCS
And finally used in various applications
References
www.scadaworld.com
www.nelcolimited.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.princeton-
indiana.com/wastewater/pages/scada/scada-
overview.html
www.scada.com
Thank You
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